Comparação entre as técnicas de extração extracapsular e facoemulsificação de acordo com as complicações na catarata canina: revisão sistemática

A catarata é a afecção da lente mais comum em cão, caracterizada por uma opacidade do cristalino e alteração de comportamento devido ao déficit visual. O exame oftálmico adequado e completo da lente permite a classificação adequada da catarata auxiliando na escolha do melhor tratamento de cada paciente. O tratamento preconizado para a catarata é o procedimento cirúrgico, que associado com o uso de anti-inflamatórios, midriáticos e antibióticos pré-operatórios e pós-operatórios melhoram os resultados visuais e previnem algumas complicações. A remoção da lente pode ser feita pelas técnicas de discisão, extração intracapsular, extração extracapsular e facoemulsificação, sendo que a escolha correta da técnica para cada caso contribui para o sucesso do procedimento e diminui as complicações pós-operatórias, porém as técnicas de escolha para a remoção da catarata são a extração extracapsular e a facoemulsificação. O objetivo da revisão sistemática é comparar as complicações de duas das técnicas para extração da catarata, extração extracapsular e facoemulcificação, ressaltando qual a técnica que apresentou menores complicações em cães. Foram analisados dez artigos pesquisados nas bases de dado PubMed e Google Acadêmico, sendo complementados com o uso de livros. Foram encontradas como complicações perda da visão, glaucoma, descolamento de retina, hemorragia intraocular, ruptura da cápsula posterior, alterações corneanas, endoftalmites, sinéquia posterior, fotofobia, blefaroespasmo e hiperemia conjuntiva. Essas complicações foram descritas em ambas as técnicas, porém inúmeros fatores

Tratamento biológico de fraturas ósseas com placa minimamente invasiva em pequenos animais: revisão sistemática

Objetivo: revisar sistematicamente a eficácia da técnica denominada osteossíntese com placa minimamente invasiva (MIPO), recentemente utilizada em medicina veterinária, em pequenos animais, em relação ao tempo de união óssea, alinhamento do membro e complicações no trans e pós-operatório. Material e Métodos: análise e comparação de artigos científicos retrospectivos e prospectivos sobre a técnica MIPO, publicados nas bases de dados informatizadas PUBMED, LILACS, Scielo e ScienceDirect. Resultados: foram selecionados cinco artigos adequados aos critérios de inclusão proposto, dois prospectivos e três retrospectivos, todos publicados nos últimos seis anos e em língua inglesa. Com esses trabalhos realizou-se uma discussão e conclusão a respeito da aplicação da MIPO em pequenos animais. Conclusão: A hipótese de que a MIPO é eficaz é aceita. A MIPO é uma técnica segura e sua aplicação em pequenos animais tem demonstrado resultados satisfatórios. Porém, com os estudos realizados até o momento não é possível afirmar que a aplicação da MIPO é estatisticamente mais eficaz que as técnicas convencionais quando aplicada em cães e gatos

Métodos alternativos no ensino da técnica cirúrgica veterinária

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Análise dos precedentes judiciais a partir do projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Estudo histopatológico da implantação de nervo periférico no osso

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

The potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo in the Parana and Santa Catarina States, Southern Brazil

A taxonomic survey of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo was carried out in the Parana and Santa Catarina coasts, Southern Brazil. Samples were taken in various localities along the coastline using vertical hauls from the bottom to the surface. Electron microscopy revealed five species: the potentially toxic P. australis Frenguelli, P calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup & Has le, P multiseries (Has le) Has le and P pungens (Grunow ex Cleve) Has le (plus P pungens var. cingulata Villac), and the non-toxic P linea Lundholm, Has le & G. A. Fryxell. Southern Brazilian strains of P. calliantha and P multiseries have previously been shown to be toxic, raising concerns about a potential contamination of mussels and oysters being commercially grounded in the region. High morphological variability was observed in valve characters of P calliantha and P pungens, in some cases confirmed in the literature. In P calliantha there was a conspicuous differentiation in two morphotypes separated from each other by the width and the shape of the valve, and the density of the poroids. P linea has not previously been found in Brazilian waters, and P pungens var. cingulata is a new record in Western Atlantic waters. Future investigations using molecular techniques will elucidate whether the genetic variability corresponds to the morphological variation and unveil the possible existence of semicryptic species of Pseudo-nitzschia inhabiting the South Brazilian coast.

The anatomy of the upper cretaceous snake Najash rionegrina Apesteguia & Zaher, 2006, and the evolution of limblessness in snakes

Najash rionegrina Apesteguia & Zaher, 2006, a terrestrial fossil snake from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina, represents the first known snake with a sacrum associated with robust, well-developed hind limbs. Najash rionegrina documents an important gap in the evolutionary development towards limblessness, because its phylogenetic affinities suggest that it is the sister group of all modern snakes, including the limbed Tethyan snakes Pachyrhachis, Haasiophis, and Eupodophis. The latter three limbed marine fossil snakes are shown to be more derived morphologically, because they lack a sacrum, but have articulated lymphapophyses, and their appendicular skeleton is enclosed by the rib cage, as in modern snakes.

Co-occurrence of microcystin and microginin congeners in Brazilian strains of Microcystis sp.

Species of Microcystis are the most common bloom-forming cyanobacteria in several countries. Despite extensive studies regarding the production of bioactive cyanopeptides in this genus, there are limited data on isolated strains from Brazil. Three Microcystis sp. strains were isolated from the Salto Grande Reservoir (LTPNA01, 08 and 09) and investigated for the presence of mcy genes, microcystins and other cyanopeptides. Microcystin and microginin production was confirmed in two isolates using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry after electrospray ionization (ESI-Q-TOF), and the structures of two new microginin congeners were proposed (MG756 Ahda-Val-Leu-Hty-Tyr and MG770 MeAhda-Val-Leu-Hty-Tyr). The biosynthesis profile of the identified cyanopeptides was evaluated at different growth phases via a newly developed HPLC-UV method. Results demonstrated no substantial differences in the production of microcystins and microginins after data normalization to cell quota, suggesting a constitutive biosynthesis. This study represents the first confirmed co-production of microginins and microcystins in Brazilian strains of Microcystis sp. and highlights the potential of Brazilian cyanobacteria as a source of natural compounds with pharmaceutical interest.

Galaxy triplets in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7-I. Catalogue

We present a new catalogue of galaxy triplets derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. The identification of systems was performed considering galaxies brighter than Mr=-20.5 and imposing constraints over the projected distances, radial velocity differences of neighbouring galaxies and isolation. To improve the identification of triplets, we employed a data pixelization scheme, which allows us to handle large amounts of data as in the SDSS photometric survey. Using spectroscopic and photometric data in the redshift range 0.01 =z= 0.40, we obtain 5901 triplet candidates. We have used a mock catalogue to analyse the completeness and contamination of our methods. The results show a high level of completeness ( 80 per cent) and low contamination ( 5 per cent). By using photometric and spectroscopic data, we have also addressed the effects of fibre collisions in the spectroscopic sample. We have defined an isolation criterion considering the distance of the triplet brightest galaxy to the closest neighbour cluster, to describe a global environment, as well as the galaxies within a fixed aperture, around the triplet brightest galaxy, to measure the local environment. The final catalogue comprises 1092 isolated triplets of galaxies in the redshift range 0.01 =z= 0.40. Our results show that photometric redshifts provide very useful information, allowing us to complete the sample of nearby systems whose detection is affected by fibre collisions, as well as extending the detection of triplets to large distances, where spectroscopic redshifts are not available.

The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited

The cranial anatomy of Dinilysia patagonica, a terrestrial snake from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina, is redescribed and illustrated, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and better preparations made on previously known specimens, including the holotype. Previously unreported characters reinforce the intriguing mosaic nature of the skull of Dinilysia, with a suite of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters with respect to extant snakes. Newly recognized plesiomorphies are the absence of the medial vertical flange of the nasal, lateral position of the prefrontal, lizard-like contact between vomer and palatine, floor of the recessus scalae tympani formed by the basioccipital, posterolateral corners of the basisphenoid strongly ventrolaterally projected, and absence of a medial parietal pillar separating the telencephalon and mesencephalon, amongst others. We also reinterpreted the structures forming the otic region of Dinilysia, confirming the presence of a crista circumfenestralis, which represents an important derived ophidian synapomorphy. Both plesiomorphic and apomorphic traits of Dinilysia are treated in detail and illustrated accordingly. Results of a phylogenetic analysis support a basal position of Dinilysia, as the sister-taxon to all extant snakes. The fossil taxa Yurlunggur, Haasiophis, Eupodophis, Pachyrhachis, and Wonambi appear as derived snakes nested within the extant clade Alethinophidia, as stem-taxa to the crown-clade Macrostomata. The hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between Dinilysia and Najash rionegrina, as suggested by some authors, is rejected by the results of our analysis.