Arcàdia

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UMBRA

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Llum dins la Capsa

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Concurs d'idees d'un punt d'informació turística del Patronat municipal de turisme de Tarragona

Concurs d'idees d'un punt d'informació turística del Patronat municipal de turisme de Tarragona

XVII Olimpíada Nacional de Química 2003-2004

Article que es refereix a la XVII Olimpíada Nacional de Química (2003 – 2004), celebrada el 7-10 de maig de 2004, al Col·legi dels Pares Agustins de Valencia de Don Juan (Lleó). L’ olimpíada consisteix en dues proves: la primera consisteix en la resolució de 4 problemes llargs, i la segona en 45 preguntes de resposta múltiple (tipus test) que contenen qüestions teòriques i problemes curts. En aquest article s’ esmenten els alumnes que han obtingut algun tipus de distinció, els classificats per a la Fase Nacional, els problemes proposats i les característiques de les preguntes del test

XIX Olimpíada nacional de química 2005-2006

Article que es refereix a la XIX Olimpíada Nacional de Química (2005 – 2006), celebrada el 21-24 d' abril de 2006, Vigo (Pontevedra). L’ olimpíada consisteix en dues proves: la primera consisteix en la resolució de 4 problemes llargs, i la segona en 45 preguntes de resposta múltiple (tipus test) que contenen qüestions teòriques i problemes curts. En aquest article s’ esmenten els alumnes que han obtingut algun tipus de distinció, els classificats per a la Fase Nacional, els problemes proposats i les característiques de les preguntes del test

Cruïlla 0

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Redacció del projecte de reforma de l’aparcament subterrani de la seu de Barcelona de l’Institut del Teatre i la direcció d’obres

Redacció del projecte de reforma de l’aparcament subterrani de la seu de Barcelona del’Institut del Teatre i la direcció d’obres

Peptídeos cíclicos de biomassa vegetal: características, diversidade, biossíntese e atividades biológicas

Natural peptides are outstanding as the most promising macromolecules in the search for new drugs, especially those of cyclic nature. The higher plants revealed a very peculiar composition of their cyclic peptides, which distinguish themselves by a "head-to-tail" cyclization. It is possible to define two groups of cyclic peptides from plant biomass. Those called in this review as Eucyclopeptides formed by 2-12 amino acid, and Cyclotides considered as circular polypeptides, composed of 29-37 amino acid that retain three disulfides bridges in an arrangement known as cyclic cystine knot. Searching for plant peptides should form into a subject for scientific research in the forefront of great importance for bioprospecting natural products macromolecular.

Synthesis and biological activity of sulfur compounds showing structural analogy with combretastatin A-4

We extended our previous exploration of sulfur bridges as bioisosteric replacements for atoms forming the bridge between the aromatic rings of combretastatin A-4. Employing coupling reactions between 5-iodo-1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene and substituted thiols, followed by oxidation to sulfones with m-CPBA, different locations for attaching the sulfur atom to ring A through the synthesis of nine compounds were examined. Antitubulin activity was performed with electrophoretically homogenous bovine brain tubulin, and activity occurred with the 1,2,3-trimethoxy-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)thio]benzene (12), while the other compounds were inactive. The compounds were also tested for leishmanicidal activity using promastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/BR175/M2904), and the greatest activity was observed with 1,2,3-trimethoxy-4-(phenylthio)benzene (10) and 1,2,3-trimethoxy-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl) sulfinyl]benzene (15).

Fatigue analysis of brackets with and without scallop for bridge and other deck structure using effective notch stress.

Due to functional requirement of a structural detail brackets with and without scallop are frequently used in bridges, decks, ships and offshore structure. Scallops are designed to serve as passage way for fluids, to reduce weld length and plate distortions. Moreover, scallops are used to avoid intersection of two or more welds for the fact that there is the presence of inventible inherent initial crack except for full penetrated weld and the formation of multi-axial stress state at the weld intersection. Welding all around the scallop corner increase the possibility of brittle fracture even for the case the bracket is not loaded by primary load. Avoiding of scallop will establish an initial crack in the corner if bracket is welded by fillet welds. If the two weld run pass had crossed, this would have given a 3D residual stress situation. Therefore the presences and absence of scallop necessitates the 3D FEA fatigue resistance of both types of brackets using effective notch stress approach ( ). FEMAP 10.1 with NX NASTRAN was used for the 3D FEA. The first and main objective of this research was to investigate and compare the fatigue resistance of brackets with and without scallop. The secondary goal was the fatigue design of scallops in case they cannot be avoided for some reason. The fatigue resistance for both types of brackets was determined based on approach using 1 mm fictitiously rounded radius based on IIW recommendation. Identical geometrical, boundary and loading conditions were used for the determination and comparison of fatigue resistance of both types of brackets using linear 3D FEA. Moreover the size effect of bracket length was also studied using 2D SHELL element FEA. In the case of brackets with scallop the flange plate weld toe at the corner of the scallop was found to exhibit the highest and made the flange plate weld toe critical for fatigue failure. Whereas weld root and weld toe at the weld intersections were the highly stressed location for brackets without scallop. Thus weld toe for brackets with scallop, and weld root and weld toe for brackets without scallop were found to be the critical area for fatigue failure. Employing identical parameters on both types of brackets, brackets without scallop had the highest except for full penetrated weld. Furthermore the fatigue resistance of brackets without scallop was highly affected by the lack of weld penetration length and it was found out that decreased as the weld penetration was increased. Despite the fact that the very presence of scallop reduces the stiffness and also same time induce stress concentration, based on the 3D FEA it is worth concluding that using scallop provided better fatigue resistance when both types of brackets were fillet welded. However brackets without scallop had the highest fatigue resistance when full penetration weld was used. This thesis also showed that weld toe for brackets with scallop was the only highly stressed area unlike brackets without scallop in which both weld toe and weld root were the critical locations for fatigue failure when different types of boundary conditions were used. Weld throat thickness, plate thickness, scallop radius, lack of weld penetration length, boundary condition and weld quality affected the fatigue resistance of both types of brackets. And as a result, bracket design procedure, especially welding quality and post weld treatment techniques significantly affect the fatigue resistance of both type of brackets.

Kestomagneettitahtikoneen emulointi digitaalisella signaaliprosessorilla

Sähkökäytön suunnittelussa säätöä voidaan testata useassa tapauksessa reaaliaikasimulaattorilla todellisen laitteiston sijaan. Monet reaaliaikasimulaatioiden perustana käytetyt algoritmit soveltuvat täysinohjatulle invertterisillalle. Eräissä sovelluksissa halutaan kuitenkin käyttää puoliksiohjattua siltaa. Puoliksiohjattulla sillalla mallin kausaalisuus voi kääntyä, mitä perinteiset reaaliaikasimulaattorit eivät pysty simuloimaan Tässä työssä oli tavoitteena kehittää reaaliaikasimulaattori puoliksiohjatulle kestomagneettitahtikonekäytölle. Emulaattoriin mallinnettiin todellisen käytön kestomagneettitahtikone ja invertterisilta. Simulaattori toteutettiin digitaaliselle signaaliprosessorille (DSP) ja mittauksiin liittyvät oheislaitteet mallinnettiin FPGA-piirille. Emulaattoriin liitettiin erillinen säätäjä, jota käytettiin myös todellisen sähkökäytön säätämiseen. Emulaattorilla ja todellisella käytöllä tehtyjä mittauksia verrattiin ja emuloimalla saadut tulokset vastasivat melko hyvin todellisesta käytöstä mitattuja.

Ruokohelven käytön lisääminen Joensuun voimalaitoksen kattilassa – käytettävyys, hyötysuhde ja taloudellisuus

Ruokohelpi soveltuu ympäristöystävällisyyden ja korkean lämpöarvon vuoksi hyvin energiantuotantoon. Fortumin Joensuun voimalaitoksella ruokohelpi on syötetty kattilaan tähän asti pääasiassa pääpolttoaineisiin, turpeeseen tai hakkeeseen seostettuna pieninä energiaosuuksina. Pääpolttoaineisiin verrattuna ruokohelvellä on alhaisempi irto- ja energiatiheys, korkeampi klooripitoisuus ja kattilaa likaavampi tuhka, mikä asettaa rajoitteita sen käytön lisäämiselle voimalaitoksella. Alhaisesta irto- ja energiatiheydestä johtuvan holvautumisen sekä tukoksien lisääntymisen ja Joensuun voimalaitoksen nykyisten kuljettimien kapasiteettiongelmien vuoksi ruokohelven osuuden lisääminen suuremmaksi kuin 5 % polttoaine-energiasisällöstä on riskialtista ja edellyttää täten investointia erilliseen ruokohelven käsittely- ja syöttöjärjestelmään. Yksi vaihtoehto on murskata ruokohelpipaalit joko sähkökäyttöisellä, puolikiinteällä ja nopeakäyntisellä Haybuster H1130 tilt -murskaimella tai kiinteällä ja hidaskäyntisellä Raumaster-murskaimella ja ohjata ruokohelpisilppu joko pitkän mekaanisen kuljettimen ja sen perässä olevien lyhyiden pneumalinjojen tai pelkkien pitkien pneumalinjojen kautta suoraan kattilapesään. Työssä tutkitut investoinnit ovat taloudellisesti sitä kannattavampia mitä enemmän ruokohelpeä voidaan vuositasolla polttaa voimalaitoksella. Ruokohelven käyttömäärää voimalaitoksella kannattanee lisätä kuljetusmatkaa pidentämällä. Investointien valinta ei ole itsestäänselvyys. Nopeakäyntinen murskain on hidaskäyntistä murskainta edullisempi investointi, tosin hidaskäyntisen murskaimen käyttövarmuus on parempi kuin nopeakäyntisen murskaimen. Kattilan käytettävyyden kannalta ruokohelven käytön lisääminen edellyttää kattilan palamistekniikan analysointia laskennallisesti virtausmallinnuksella ennen kuin lopullisia päätöksiä investointien suhteen voidaan tehdä.

Public-Private Partnerships: Managing organizational change for acquiring value creative capabilities

The objective of the dissertation is to examine organizational responses of public actors to customer requirements which drive the transformation of value networks and promote public-private partnership in the electricity distribution industry and elderly care sectors. The research bridges the concept of offering to value networks where capabilities can be acquired for novel product concepts. The research contributes to recent literature, re-examining theories on interactions of customer requirements and supply management. A critical realist case study approach is applied to this abductive the research which directs to describe causalities in the analyzed phenomena. The presented evidence is based on three sources, which are in-depth interviews, archival analysis and the Delphi method. Service provision requires awareness on technology and functionalities of offering. Moreover, service provision includes interactions of multiple partners, which suggests the importance of the co-operative orientation of actors. According to the findings,portfolio management has a key role when intelligent solutions are implemented in public service provision because its concepts involve a variety of resources from multiple suppliers. However, emergent networks are not functional if they lack leaders who have access to the customer interface, have power to steer networks and a capability to build offerings. Public procurement policies were recognized to focus on a narrow scope in which price is a key factor in decisions. In the future, the public sector has to implement technology strategies and portfolio management, which mean longterm platform development and commitment to partnerships. On the other hand, the service providers should also be more aware of offerings into which their products will be integrated in the future. This requires making the customer’s voice in product development and co-operation in order to increase the interconnectivity of products.

NADPH-Dependent Thioredoxin System In Regulation of Chloroplast Functions

Photosynthesis, the process in which carbon dioxide is converted into sugars using the energy of sunlight, is vital for heterotrophic life on Earth. In plants, photosynthesis takes place in specific organelles called chloroplasts. During chloroplast biogenesis, light is a prerequisite for the development of functional photosynthetic structures. In addition to photosynthesis, a number of other metabolic processes such as nitrogen assimilation, the biosynthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, and hormones are localized to plant chloroplasts. The biosynthetic pathways in chloroplasts are tightly regulated, and especially the reduction/oxidation (redox) signals play important roles in controlling many developmental and metabolic processes in chloroplasts. Thioredoxins are universal regulatory proteins that mediate redox signals in chloroplasts. They are able to modify the structure and function of their target proteins by reduction of disulfide bonds. Oxidized thioredoxins are restored via the action of thioredoxin reductases. Two thioredoxin reductase systems exist in plant chloroplasts, the NADPHdependent thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR). The ferredoxin-thioredoxin system that is linked to photosynthetic light reactions is involved in light-activation of chloroplast proteins. NADPH can be produced via both the photosynthetic electron transfer reactions in light, and in darkness via the pentose phosphate pathway. These different pathways of NADPH production enable the regulation of diverse metabolic pathways in chloroplasts by the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system. In this thesis, the role of NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system in the redox-control of chloroplast development and metabolism was studied by characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertion lines of NTRC gene (ntrc) and by identification of chloroplast proteins regulated by NTRC. The ntrc plants showed the strongest visible phenotypes when grown under short 8-h photoperiod. This indicates that i) chloroplast NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system is non-redundant to ferredoxinthioredoxin system and that ii) NTRC particularly controls the chloroplast processes that are easily imbalanced in daily light/dark rhythms with short day and long night. I identified four processes and the redox-regulated proteins therein that are potentially regulated by NTRC; i) chloroplast development, ii) starch biosynthesis, iii) aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and iv) detoxification of H₂O₂. Such regulation can be achieved directly by modulating the redox state of intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bridges of enzymes, or by protecting enzymes from oxidation in conjunction with 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins. This thesis work also demonstrated that the enzymatic antioxidant systems in chloroplasts, ascorbate peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and NTRC-dependent 2-cysteine peroxiredoxins are tightly linked up to prevent the detrimental accumulation of reactive oxygen species in plants.