Uma análise da biodiversidade amazônica e a teoria dos refúgios florestais

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Caracterização das unidades ecológicas da zona ripária de microbacias da bacia do rio Corumbataí, SP

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Circulação atmosférica e precipitação pluviométrica na Bacia do Itajaí - SC: um estudo climatológico aplicado

The work is guided by the detailing of the Itajaí river basin, SC, rainfall dynamics at the annual, seasonal and monthly levels, allowing us to identify different responses that each location gives to the regional atmospheric circulation, particularly the rainfall. In this sense, we are aiming at approaching the concept of rhythm, which must be obtained at the daily level. The analysis at different climate scales was possible through isohyetal maps, trend lines, and Schroeder pluviographs. Moreover, we established the flow rate of the air masses by means of the Venn diagram. This data made it possible to assess the behavior of rains on that site and the reason why it is the stage of major flooding, as occurred in November 2008. The relatively mountainous topography combined with the frequent invasions of the Atlantic Polar Front, which often stop over the region, generate events of that magnitude, with high volumes accumulated in short periods of time. Such extreme events reinforce the idea of the search for the succession of types of weather to the detriment of averages that tend to abstract the reality

Caracterização hidroquímica dos sistemas aquíferos Serra Geral e Guarani da sub-bacia do Rio Pardo e municípios adjacentes, no sudoeste do estado de São Paulo

The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the chemical composition of the groundwaters from Guarani Aquifer System and Serra Geral Aquifer System in the Rio Pardo basin, located at the southwestern of São Paulo state. To the hydrochemical characterization, physicalchemical analyses from 32 sampled wells were used. These results were plotted in Piper diagrams allowing the classification of groundwater as calcium or calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type and sodium bicarbonate type for both aquifer systems. Distribution of hydrochemical facies over the study area was obtained using Stiff diagrams. The groundwater can be classified, representing in this sequence its hydrochemical evolution. The recognized mechanisms responsible for groundwater evolution are dissolution of minerals magnesium, such as olivine, present in the basalt, dissolution of feldspars and removal of the carbonate cement of the sandstones mineral framework. Ionic exchange may represent an important processes in the groundwater evolution, responsible for the increase in the sodium concentration and decrease of calcium

Taxonomia molecular e filogeografia de Hypostomus strigaticeps (Teleostei: loricariidae) na bacia do alto rio Paraná

Buscando identificar marcadores populacionais que indiquem supostos mecanismos de isolamento entre as populações, no presente trabalho foram realizadas análises filogenéticas e filogeográficas em populações de Hypostomus strigaticeps, com base em sequências de DNA mitocondrial do gene ATPase 8/6. Um total de 32 exemplares provenientes de 11 populações de quatro sub-bacias: rio Mogi-Guaçu (duas), rio Paranapanema (cinco), rio Tietê (três) e Rio do Peixe (um), tiveram DNA extraído e o gene ATPase 8/6 completamente amplificado (840 pares de base) e sequenciado. As sequências obtidas foram alinhadas com o programa Bioedit, as análises filogenéticas foram realizadas no programa MEGA 5.0 através do método de Neighbor-Joining, Máxima Parcimônia e Minimun-Evolution, com 1000 réplicas de boostrap. Para as análises filogeográficas as sequências foram analisadas no programa TCS. As análises filogenéticas mostraram que a espécie forma uma unidade monofilética composta por duas linhagens: “TG” com representantes das populações dos rios Tietê, Mogi-Guaçu e Rio do Peixe, e “PC” com representantes dos rios Paranapanema e reservatório de Chavantes. A divergência genética da linhagem “TG” é de 0,1% e da linhagem “PP” é de 0,2%, enquanto a divergência genética entre as duas linhagens é de cerca de 1%. Na análise filogeográfica observou-se a existência de seis haplótipos (A-H), sendo o haplótipo A considerado ancestral para as populações analisadas. Apenas os representantes da bacia do Tietê possuem o haplótipo ancestral. Os haplótipos A, B e F possuem a maior frequência (18,51%). Os resultados obtidos para uma população do Mogi-guaçu (Cachoeira de Emas), mostram que estes peixes são muito distantes das demais populações de H. strigaticeps, tanto no ponto de vista filogenético quanto no ponto de vista fitogeográfico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Análise ambiental simplificada no entorno de águas superficiais na bacia do rio Corumbataí (SP)

The basin of the Corumbataí river is of vital importance to over 600 thousand people, who depend on its waters for consumption. The Simplified Analisys of Environmental Impacts in the Areas Surrounding the Surface Waters of the Drainage Basin of the Corumbataí River (SP) is aimed at defining the areas which are most susceptible to degradation or already damaged and propose engineering solutions according to the environmental problems identified. Using a questionnaire to indicate possible impacts in the surroundings, I related human actions to these damage and quantified them. Having studied the basin extensively and selected 42 areas - generically identified as points and grouped as sub-basins and according to the soil usage -, I was able to identify the main environmental impacts in the basin as: sugar cane monoculture, lack of riparian forest, damaged areas due to mining, the bad state of rural roads and bridges, rubbish disposal alongside roads or directly into the river, accelerated and unplanned expansion of residential and industrial areas into the rural areas and river sources, and Rio Claro's untreated city wastewater

Mapeamento da condutividade hidráulica da cobertura do aquífero Guarani, situado na bacia hidrográfica dos rios Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, na porção centro-norte do estado de São Paulo

Given the importance of preserving the water quality of the Guarani Aquifer, the work done in the hydrographic basin of the rivers Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, located in the central-northern São Paulo state, was made to map the hydraulic conductivity from the use of some empirical methods associated with granulometric analysis and in situ testing, specifically with the Guelph permeameter. All results were submitted to a correlation analysis and subsequently mapped using the methodology of minimum curvature, based on numerical techniques Spline. These procedures provide for studies of aquifer vulnerability and assist in decision making in environmental projects and guidelines for urban planning

Caracterização estrutural do Lineamento de Piúma e sua influência na porção norte da Bacia de Campos

The detailed study of the Brazilian continental margin basins became possible with the advancement of geophysical tools, with emphasis on seismic reflection. Characterizing the structural and stratigraphic elements of Brazil’s marginal basins they realized that there was a relationship with structures present on the adjacent continental basement. So many works began to be made to understand this relationship and know the major factors that influenced the evolution of the continental margin. The study area of this work includes the northern portion of the Campos Basin and the continental outcropping adjacent areas, which corresponds to the northern of Rio de Janeiro state and the southern of Espirito Santo state. This area stands an important structural feature of NW-SE direction with a projection to the Campos Basin called Lineamento de Piúma. The outcropping basement rocks belongs to the Ribeira Belt which was bonded to other mobile bands forming the continent Western Gondwana during the Brasiliano Cycle, which later fragmented giving rise to the Atlantic Ocean. The opening of the ocean results on the formation of the marginal basins of Brazil. These basins have continental, transitional and marine facies. On Campos Basin the continental phase resulted on the formation of horsts and grabens bounded by synthetic and antithetic faults. Continuing rifting formed the saline lakes that deposited siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. The transitional phase resulted on thick packages consist of evaporites (halite and anhydrite) that was deposited in lagoon environment, tectonically quiet arid and semi-arid. The marine phase it deposited siliciclastic and carbonate in the Campos Basin resulting in shales, marls, limestones, ritmito, turbidites, sandstones and others. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible continuation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aspectos petrográficos dos carbonatos da Formação Riachuelo - Albiano, bacia de Sergipe

The carbonatic rocks have great importance in petroleum geology, since most hydrocarbons reservoirs in the world are associated to this kind of rock. The new giant petroleum fields discovered in the Brazilian southeast Atlantic margin are directly connected to calcareous rocks, which are subjacent to the Aptian evaporite pack. This demand an increase in the number of geologists able to study such deposits. The Aptian carbonatic platform is completely exposed only in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. Therefore, it works as a natural laboratory to the study and understanding of this kind of rock. The Sergipe Basin is situated in the east Brazilian coast, and has its evolutional history is intimately related to the formation of the South Atlantic Ocean, through the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent. The marine sequence of the Brazilian marginal basins is of Albian age and is marked by the development of carbonatic platforms. In doing so, this paper aims to analyze the Albian limestones from Riachuelo Formation of the Sergipe Basin. The project gave to the student the opportunity to increase his knowledge in carbonates, due to the laboratory and outdoor activities. The studied deposits, within a regional outline, were petrografically described, allowing interpretations about the evolution of the former South Atlantic Ocean. Ten points were visited where samples were collected for making of thin sheets. In this work several carbonatic facies were identified totaling 116 laminates described.

Filogeografia e estrutura populacional de Astyanax paranae (Lambari-de-cabeceira) (Pisces: Characidae) na bacia do Rio Tietê

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Avaliação da erosão hídrica, transporte de sedimentos e qualidade da água na bacia do córrego Monjolo Grande

Understanding the linkages between the natural elements is essential for being promoted the land use, occupation and sustainable management of environmental systems. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), as a predictive model of erosion, is important to allowing the prevention of possible environmental impacts which may drastically interfere in natural or anthropic environments, as well as prevent potential financial wastes and even contribute to greater efficiency of agricultural production. This research will be working some USLE parameters, emphasizing topographic factor from Ribeirão Monjolo Grande watershed. Among the factors considered by the USLE, the Topographic Factor interferes directly in the erosive dynamic of a watershed because it involves variables related to hydrological processes that occur on it. In this research, were discussed different methods for obtaining the Topographic Factor (BERTONI e LOMBARDI NETO, 1985; MOORE e BURCH, 1986; DESMET E GOVERS, 1996) in GIS environment. After comparison between the methods, was indicated that best represents the conditions of geometry strand of the study area. Finally, other factors (R, K, C, P) considered by the USLE were obtained. The attainment of these parameters were guided by the use of geotechnologies, especially in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with the assistance of secondary data and periodic field visits. The results obtained contributed to the understanding of hydrosedimentological dynamic in this area and serve as a viable strategy for studies of soil loss, aiming at developing consistent material for future researches about environmental planning and land management

Geoprocessamento na análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental desencadeada pela monocultura de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do distrito Santa Olímpia (Piracicaba/SP)

Sugar cane production is of the utmost importance to the economy of the entire Brazil, due to its multiple utility, being used as the raw material for the manufacture of various items, particularly, sugar and alcohol. In areas of sugarcane monoculture, the appropriate management of soils and water is essential, not only for the maintenance of the quality of the environment, but also for the quality of life of the population. Among the main impacts generated by the cultivation of sugar cane, stands out the withdrawal of the riparian forest, which is essential to the balance and maintenance of the ecosystem. Before that, the present work aimed at mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in the basin of a tributary of the Corumbataí river, located in the district Santa Olímpia, in the city of Piracicaba-SP. For the purpose, techniques were used in Geoprocessing, aiming to produce thematic maps of Slope, for the Use and Occupation of Land, of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Soil and Geological of the basin of interest. From these mappings, the analysis was performed multi-criteria, which resulted in the Map of Environmental Vulnerability. This mapping environmental assessment of the study area, indicating proposals of practices for the management and conservation of soil and water resources, for the purpose of improving the environmental quality of the analyzed area. In this way, the research of this nature, may help in the decision-making on the part of the governmental bodies as well as civil society

Análise das alterações geomorfológicas decorrentes dos processos de urbanização na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Lavapés, em Rio Claro/SP

In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

Biologia populacional de Bryconamericus turiuba - Langeani, Lucena, Pedrini & Tarelho-Pereira, 2005 - no Rio Passa Cinco, sub-bacia do Rio Corumbataí, SP

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a população de Bryconamericus turiuba do rio Passa Cinco com relação à estrutura em comprimento, proporção sexual, dinâmica alimentar, aspectos reprodutivos e condição corporal. O local estudado é um dos principais rios da sub-bacia do rio Corumbataí. Foram amostradas três pontos na região do alto curso contemplando trechos de ordem 2, 3 e 4. As amostragens foram realizadas ao longo de um ano e os apetrechos de pesca utilizados foram: peneira,, aparelho de pesca elétrica e covos. Foram capturados 191 indivíduos, sendo a maior quantidade no ponto 2 e na estação de cheia. A estrutura em comprimento da espécie revelou que os indivíduos não ultrapassaram 8 cm de comprimento padrão e que machos e fêmeas apresentaram comprimentos diferentes, sendo as fêmeas maiores que os machos. A proporção sexual não diferiu do esperado. Houve diferença entre os graus de gordura acumulada na cavidade visceral e graus de repleção estomacal dos peixes entre os pontos e épocas, sendo que na seca todos os indivíduos capturados apresentavam-se sem gordura. Foram analisados 49 estômagos. Onze diferentes itens alimentares foram encontrados nos conteúdos estomacais, sendo que inseto terrestre adulto apresentou-se como preferencial em alto grau. As dietas não apresentaram diferença entre os pontos de coleta nem entre as épocas. A maioria dos indivíduos com gônadas maduras foi capturada na estação seca, indicando que a reprodução ocorre neste período e estende-se por vários meses. Foram analisados 42 pares de ovários maduros. A fecundidade obtida foi 576 ovócitos, com diâmetro variando de 147 Vm a 1.176 Vm. A espécie em estudo pode ser considerada estrategista-k quanto as suas táticas reprodutivas, por possuir baixa fecundidade, pequeno porte e desova prolongada durante...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Litofácies e relações estratigráficas da formação Aquidauana no nordeste da Bacia do Paraná - São Sebastião do Paraíso (MG)

The Aquidauana Formation is characterized by sandstones of variable granulation, mudstones and diamectites abundant in clay, typical colors like brick red (vermelho tijolo) of glacial, fluvial and lacustrine origin. It’s chronostratigraphic equivalent to the Itarará group from the Neo Carboniferous age, that under the exploratory view, such units represent important intervals in the basin, occurring together with them minerals as well as energy resources as petroleum, underground water and coal – what requires a great paleogeography and stratigraphy knowledge for its exploration. By gathering information from the columnar sections of the area, it was possible to characterize the sedimentary facies, the stacking pattern as well as the association. It was also made an attempt of stratigraphic correlation, which showed great difficulties since glacial environments present a great lateral discontinuity of the facies besides the complex relationship process of formation. As a result, it was obtained 8 sedimentary facies, the lateral and vertical relations and genesis process. It is proposed that the sedimentary environment in the study area is the fluvio glacial, characterized by alluvial systems formed by defrosted water which transport the sediments that are deposited in plains in front of the glacier (distal outwash). Petrographic thin section analysis showed that the transportation process was ineffective. The grains present punctual to lobular contacts, characterizing good porosity and permeability to the rock, varying these qualities according to more or less existence of matrix. The presence of Iron Oxide deposited between the recrystallization border and feldspathic mineral indicates that this rock has possibly presented a primary rubefaction, intensified by alkaline fluid percolation