菌剂强化处理炼油废水及苯酚冲击下功能菌响应机制研究

近年来，我国炼油行业发展迅速，炼油能力全世界第二，炼油行业已成为污染大户。本研究针对炼油废水生物处理中存在的稳定达标难、抗冲击负荷能力差、建设投资与运行成本高等问题，就菌剂强化处理炼油废水中试与工程应用展开了研究，以期为菌剂的工程应用与推广提供理论参考与技术支持；并以炼油废水中的主要特征污染物苯酚为研究对象，考察了不同浓度苯酚冲击下功能菌的响应机制，并以此为指导研制功能菌激活促进剂，考察其对功能菌生物学指标的调控效果，以期为废水生物处理有毒污染物冲击调控提供理论依据与技术支持。 中试研究表明，菌剂强化处理炼油废水，出水COD、NH4+-N 平均值为86.7、7.6 mg/L，其平均去除率较常规生物处理系统分别提高了35.47%、59.28%，其耐受COD、NH4+-N 容积负荷分别高达2.42、0.139kg/(m3·d)，具有良好的耐冲击能力。工程应用研究表明，菌剂强化处理炼油废水，出水COD、NH4+-N 平均值分别为85.05、8.4mg/L，其去除率较常规生物处理系统提高了25.1%、28.7%，出水水质各项指标均达到了国家《污水综合排放标准GB 8978-1996》一级排放标准。技术经济分析表明，菌剂强化处理炼油废水在建设成本、运行成本上分别降低38%、49%，具有良好的技术经济优势。 苯酚冲击下功能菌响应机制研究表明：不同浓度苯酚冲击下，生物学指标生物量、脱氢酶酶活、1,2-双加氧酶酶活对冲击都有不同程度的响应，其响应敏感程度为脱氢酶酶活＞生物量＞1,2-双加氧酶酶活。1,2-双加氧酶酶活与COD 降解率相关性良好，可表征苯酚降解过程，确认为调控重点。以此为指导研制出苯酚降解功能菌抗冲击激活促进剂，可有效调控功能菌对有毒污染物苯酚的降解效果，1000mg/L 苯酚冲击下，经调控，其COD 去除率较对照提高20%，降解时间缩短16%以上。其对生物学指标的调控效果为1,2-双加氧酶酶活＞生物量＞脱氢酶酶活，验证了功能菌在苯酚冲击下的响应机制。研究表明菌剂强化处理炼油废水切实可行，具有良好的技术经济优势。有毒污染物冲击下废水生物处理系统响应机制研究为抗冲击调控提供了新的研究思路。 Currently, China’s oil refining industry is developing rapidly and has become the second largest all over the world. The oil refining industry is one of the major pollution industries in our country. The pilot scale study and engineering application research were conducted aiming at the problems in refining wastewater such as poor treatment stability and water quality, poor anti-shock capacity and expensive running cost, etc., so as to provide theoretical references and technological supports for the engineering application and popularization of microbial preparation in wastewater treatment. Also, the response mechanism of functional microbe under shock of different phenol concentrations, which is the main pollutants in refinery wastewater, was studied. Based on this result, functional microbe activation accelerator was developed, and the regulation effect of functional microbe biological index under phenol shocking were studied, in order to provide theoretical basis and technological support for regulation of toxic shocking of wastewater biological treatment. The result of pilot scale research indicated: for treatment of refinery wastewater in bioaugmention treatment system of microbial preparation, the COD and NH4+-N average value of effluent was 86.7 and 7.6 mg/L, Comparing with normal biological treatment system, the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N increased 35.47%,59.28% separately by bioaugmention treatment system, which showed better anti-shocking capacity, the volumetric load r of COD and NH4+-N reached 2.42 kg/(m3·d) and 0.139 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The research on engineering application of refinery wastewater bioaugmentation treatment by microbial preparation indicated:the average concentrations of effluent COD and NH4+-N in the bioaugmentation treatment system were 85.05 and 8.4mg/L, which increased by 25.1% and 28.7% comparing with normal biological treatment system of refinery wastewater, And the effluent quality meets the first grade of discharging standard of National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978-1996. The economic analysis of technology indicated: the demonstration project of bioaugmentation treatment of refinery wastewater by microbial preparation decreased by 38% in construction cost and 49% in running cost. This technology has economic benefits. The response mechanism of functional microbe under phenol shock indicated: biological index such as the biomass concentration, dehydrogenase and 1,2-dioxygenase had different responses under phenol shocking of different concentrations. The response sensitivity of different biological index under phenol shocking of different concentrations is: dehydogenase activity ＞ biomass ＞1,2-dioxygenase activity, and high correlation of 1,2-dioxygenase and COD degradation percentage is achieved, thus 1,2-dioxygenase could be used to reflect the degradation situation of pollutants. So, 1,2-dioxygenase is the keypoint of regulation. The anti-shock activation accelerator of phenol degradation functional microbe was primarily developed. The results indicated: the activation accelerator could regulate the degradation effect of toxic substance-phenol by functional microbe effectively. For the functional microbe treatment system under phenol shocking of 1000mg/L, the COD degradation rate increased by 20% and the degradation time reduced by more than 16% under regulation of activation accelerator. The regulation effects of biological index are: 1,2-dioxygenase ＞ biomass ＞ dehydrogenase. In this way, the response mechanism of functional microbe under toxic shocking is verified. The result indicated: the augmented microbial preparation treatment of refinery wastewater is applicable. It has many technical and economical advantages. The research results of responses mechanism of wastewater treatment system on toxic pollutants would offer a new idea for regulation of anti-shock.

Vortices in (Abelian) Chern-Simons gauge theory

The vortex solutions of various classical planar field theories with (Abelian) Chern-Simons term are reviewed. Relativistic vortices, put forward by Paul and Khare, arise when the Abelian Higgs model is augmented with the Chern-Simons term. Adding a suitable sixth-order potential and turning off the Maxwell term provides us with pure Chern-Simons theory, with both topological and non-topological self-dual vortices, as found by Hong-Kim-Pac, and by Jackiw-Lee-Weinberg. The non-relativistic limit of the latter leads to non-topological Jackiw-Pi vortices with a pure fourth-order potential. Explicit solutions are found by solving the Liouville equation. The scalar matter field can be replaced by spinors, leading to fermionic vortices. Alternatively, topological vortices in external field are constructed in the phenomenological model proposed by Zhang-Hansson-Kivelson. Non-relativistic Maxwell-Chern-Simons vortices are also studied. The Schrodinger symmetry of Jackiw-Pi vortices, as well as the construction of some time-dependent vortices, can be explained by the conformal properties of non-relativistic space-time, derived in a Kaluza-Klein-type framework. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Non-relativistic conformal symmetries in fluid mechanics

The symmetries of a free incompressible fluid span the Galilei group, augmented with independent dilations of space and time. When the fluid is compressible, the symmetry is enlarged to the expanded Schrodinger group, which also involves, in addition, Schrodinger expansions. While incompressible fluid dynamics can be derived as an appropriate non-relativistic limit of a conformally invariant relativistic theory, the recently discussed conformal Galilei group, obtained by contraction from the relativistic conformal group, is not a symmetry. This is explained by the subtleties of the non-relativistic limit.

AIS—基于文本挖掘的增强型Web信息处理技术

回顾了中文和英文语言环境下的Web文本挖掘现状,阐明了其现阶段的特点和技术瓶颈.之后提出了一种基于Web文本挖掘的网页内容挖掘技术:AIS(Augmented information support),介绍了相关实现所涉及的基础技术和功能.最后将AIS技术应用于香山科学会议网站,开发了AIS4XSSC文本挖掘系统并展示了现阶段其主要功能.实践表明AIS技术能够从大量的Web文本中有效提炼信息,提高用户检索效率并向用户推送有价值的信息.

Magnetic structure and orbital ordering in tetragonal and monoclinic KCrF3 from first-principles calculations

KCrF3 has been systematically investigated by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital method within the generalized gradient approximation and the local spin density approximation plus the on-site Coulomb repulsion approach. The total energies for ferromagnetic and three different antiferromagnetic configurations are calculated in the high-temperature tetragonal and low-temperature monoclinic phases, respectively.

Charge, orbital, and magnetic ordering in YBaFe2O5 from first-principles calculations

First principles calculations using the augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method, as implemented in the WIEN2k code, have been used to investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of YBaFe2O5, especially as regards the charge-orbital ordering. Although the total 3d charge disproportion is rather small, an orbital order parameter defined as the difference between t(2g) orbital occupations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations is large (0,73) and gives unambiguous evidence for charge and orbital ordering: Strong hybridization between O 2p and Fe e(g) states results in the nearly complete loss of the separation between the total charges at the Fe2+ and Fe3+ atoms.

First Principles Investigation on the Ultra-Incompressible and Hard TaN

The structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of TaN were investigated by use of the density functional theory (DFT). Eight structures were considered, i.e.. hexagonal WC TaN, NiAs, wurtzite, and CoSn structures. cubic NaCl. zinc-blende and CsCl structures. The results indicate that TaN in TaN-type structure is the most stable at ambient conditions among the considered structures. Above 5 GPa, TaN in WC-type structure becomes energetically the most stable phase. They are also stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. TaN in WC-type has the largest shear Modulus 243 GPa and large bulk modulus 337 GPa among the considered structures. The Volume compressibility is slightly larger than diamond, but smaller than c-BN at pressures from 0 to 100 GPa. The compressibility along the c axis is smaller than the linear compressibility of both diamond and c-BN.

Structural stability and magnetic coupling in CaCu3Co4O12 from first principles

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of CaCu3Co4O12 were studied by use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The calculated results indicate that CaCu3Co4O12 is stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. Both GGA (generalized gradient approximation) and GGA + U methods predict that CaCu3Co4O12 is metallic. The ferromagnetic configuration is only slightly more stable in energy compared with the non-magnetic configuration (3.7 meV), suggesting that they are competitive for being the ground state. Co is in the low spin state (S = 1/2).

First-principles study on the conducting mechanism of the heavy-fermion system CaCu3Ru4O12

We investigated the electronic structure of the d-electron heavy-fermion system CaCu3Ru4O12 by use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. Our results indicate that the compound is a paramagnetic metal, in agreement with the experimental observation. The conductivity of the compound is governed by two main factors. One is the Ru-O dp pi coupling around the Fermi energy level, which makes Ru-O-Ru networks conductive. The other is the hybridization between the itinerant Ru 4d electrons and the localized Cu 3d (dz(2) and part of dx(2)-y(2) and dxy) electrons through O 2p orbitals in the energy region from -2.0 to -1.0 eV. The Ru-O-Cu interaction makes the localized Cu electrons start to be itinerant through the coupling with Ru 4d electrons. This results in Ru-O-Cu networks being conductive. Therefore, in the title compound, both Ru-O-Ru and Ru-O-Cu networks contribute to the conducting behavior.

Ferrimagnetic and half-metallic CaCu3Fe4O12: Prediction from first principles investigation

The structural stability and physical properties of CaCu3Fe4O12 were studied by the use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The authors' calculated result indicates that the title compound is stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. It is ferrimagnetic and half-metallic. The calculated magnetic structure reveals that the coupling of Cu-Fe is antiferromagnetic, while those of Cu-Cu and Fe-Fe are ferromagnetic.

Orbital ordering in Cs2AgF4 from first principles

First-principles calculations using the augmented plane wave plus local orbital method, as implemented in the WIEN2K code, have been used to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the layered perovskite Cs2AgF4. Our calculations indicate that an orthorhombic ground state for Cs2AgF4 is energetically favored over tetragonal. We also find that Cs2AgF4 should be a strong two-dimensional ferromagnet, with very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the layers, in agreement with the experiment. More importantly, an antiferrodistortive ordering of z(2)-x(2) and z(2)-y(2) orbitals is inferred from the density of states and from a spin density isosurface analysis.

Combustion. synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic SrAl2O4 : Eu2+

Nanocrystals of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ have been prepared by combustion synthesis. The results of XRD indicated that the resulting SrAl2O4:Eu2+ nanocrystals have a reduced and distorted monoclinic lattice compared with bulk materials. Both the excitation and emission spectra of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ nanocrystals shifts to higher energies in contrast to the bulk materials. The band structure calculation is performed using first-principles full potential-linearized augmented plane wave method within density functional theory. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with our experimental results.

A first-principles study of the different magnetoresistance mechanisms in CaCu3Mn4O12 and LaCu3Mn4O12

The electronic structure of CaCu3Mn4O12 and LaCu3Mn4O12 was investigated using a full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA). The ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic states in these two compounds were investigated and the calculated spin magnetic moments were found to be close to the available experimental values. Calculations of spin polarization for these two oxides show that the ferrimagnetic configurations are the energetically favored ground state, which is consistent with experimental observation. The calculations predict that CaCu3Mn4O12 is a semiconductor and that LaCu3Mn4O12 is a half-metallic material. Furthermore, the relevance of these different electronic structures to the magnetoresistance is discussed.

Study of ionizable drugs transfer across the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface with phase volume ratio equal to unity using a three-electrode system

The electrochemical behavior of ionizable drugs (Amitriptyline, Diphenhydramine and Trihexyphenedyl) at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface with the phase volume ratio (r = V-o/V-w) equal to 1 are investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The system is composed of an aqueous droplet supported at an Ag/AgCl disk electrode and it was covered with an organic solution. In this manner, a conventional three-electrode potentiostat can be used to study the ionizable drugs transfer process at a liquid/liquid interface. Physicochemical parameters such as the formal transfer potential, the Gibbs energy of transfer and the standard partition coefficients of the ionized forms of these drugs can be evaluated from cyclic voltammograms obtained. The obtained results have been summarized in ionic partition diagrams, which are a useful tool for predicting and interpreting the transfer mechanisms of ionizable drugs at the liquid/liquid interfaces and biological membranes.

UNITY-400超导核磁共振波谱仪锁通道故障维修几例

介绍了美国Varian公司制造的NUITY-400超导核磁共振波谱仪氘锁通道故障几例的检查、分析及排除方法。