KINETICS OF SIZE-FRACTIONATED AND DISSOLVED ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE IN A FARM POND

Nutrient addition bioassays were conducted in 10 L carboys with water from a eutrophic farm pond. The four bioassay treatments each conducted in triplicate were control (no nutrients added), +N (160 mu mol L(-1) NH4Cl), +P (10 mu mol L(-1) KH2PO4), and N+P (160 mu mol L(-1) NH4Cl and 10 mu mol L(-1) KH2PO4). The size fractionated (0.2-0.8, 0.8-3, > 3 mu m) contents of the carboys were analyzed after 7 d for alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and chlorophyll-a content. Chlorophyll data suggested P deficiency in ammonium and control mesocosms and no P deficiency with phosphate additions. Pond water also was collected in June, August, October, and March for measurement of APA. In water from the pond, the greatest V-max of APA usually was associated with microorganisms in the size classes between 0.8-3 mu m. In mesocosm experiments, the N+P treatment increased V-max of dissolved and particulate associated APA in the 0.2-0.8 mu m size range and in dissolved form. The V-max of APA in the largest size-fraction (> 3 mu m) increased markedly with P deficiency (+N treatment) and decreased in the P-enrichment treatment. The patterns of APA and chlorophyll associated with different size fractions often varied independently among different treatments and seasons and not always as a function of P deficiency, indicating the difficulty of attempting to normalize APA to phytoplankton biomass or chlorophyll. The Michaelis half saturation constant of APA in the pond water showed no strong trends with varied seasons or size fraction.

Electronic properties of sulfur passivated undoped-n(+) type GaAs surface studied by photoreflectance

Photoreflectance (PR) has been used to study surface electronic properties (electric field, Fermi level pinning, and density of surface states) of undoped-n(+) (UN+) GaAs treated in the solution of ammonium sulfide in isopropanol. Complex Fourier transformation (CFT) of PR spectra from passivated surface shows that the sulfur overlay on GaAs surface makes no contribution to Franz-Keldysh oscillations (FKOs). The barrier height measured by PR is derived from surface states directly, rather than the total barrier height, which includes the potentials derived from Ga-S and As-S dipole layers. Comparing with native oxidated surface, the passivation leads to 80 meV movement of surface Fermi level towards the conduction band minimum, and reduction by more than one order in density of surface states. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Experimental investigation on TBAB clathrate hydrate slurry flows in a horizontal tube: Forced convective heat transfer behaviors

Tetra-n-butyl-ammonium bromide (TBAB) clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS) is one kind of secondary refrigerants, which is promising to be applied into air-conditioning or latent-heat transportation systems as a thermal storage or cold carrying medium for energy saving. It is a solid-liquid two phase mixture which is easy to produce and has high latent heat and good fluidity. In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of TBAB slurry were investigated in a horizontal stainless steel tube under different solid mass fractions and flow velocities with constant heat flux. One velocity region of weakened heat transfer was found. Moreover, TBAB CHS was treated as a kind of Bingham fluids, and the influences of the solid particles, flow velocity and types of flow on the forced convective heat transfer coefficients of TBAB CHS were investigated. At last, criterial correlations of Nusselt number for laminar and turbulent flows in the form of power function were summarized, and the error with experimental results was within 20%.

Fluorescence pH probe based on microstructured polymer optical fiber

A kind of optical pH sensor was demonstrated that is based on a pH-sensitive fluorescence dye-doped (eosin) cellulose acetate (CA) thin-film modified microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF). It was obtained by directly inhaling an eosin-CA-acetic acid mixed solution into array holes in a MPOF and then removing the solvent (acetic acid). The sensing film showed different fluorescence intensities to different pH solutions in a pH range of 2.5-4.5. Furthermore, the pH response range could be tailored through doping a surfactant, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), in the sensing film. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用模式对土壤氮素淋溶的影响

通过对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用模式土壤剖面NO-3-N、NH+4-N、有机质和全氮分布的测定,论述黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用模式对土壤氮素淋溶的影响,对当地农业发展提出建议。结果表明:在200 cm内土壤NO-3-N最大值都出现在200 cm处,其中日光温室最大为20.36 mg/kg。土壤NH+4-N在200 cm内是较均匀的分布在10~25 mg/kg。不同土地利用模式对土壤剖面土壤NH+4-N、有机质和全氮分布没有影响。随着深度的变化对土壤NH+4-N分布也没有影响。土壤有机质和全氮在土壤剖面的分布是,随着深度的增加而减少,60 cm以下有机质保持在1.07~5.95 g/kg,全氮保持在0.12~0.35 g/kg。根据试验结果得出,土壤氮素淋溶的主要成分是NO-3-N,土壤NO-3-N淋溶程度与降雨、灌溉、施肥量呈正比,在坡地的淋溶较少。

铵态氮肥对黄土高原典型土壤氮素激发效应的影响

以黄土高原从北向南不同地区典型土壤类型为对象,采用Bremner淹水培养法,研究铵态氮肥对黄土高原典型土壤氮素的激发效应。结果表明,在测定NH4+-N的激发效应时,只有考虑粘土矿物对有机氮矿化产物或者添加NH4+-N的固定,才可获得可靠结果。在培养20 d和60 d时,NH4+-N对不同土类氮素激发效应存在极显著和显著的影响(P≤0.01和<0.05);培养40 d时,尽管不同土类氮素激发效应也存在很大差异,但统计检验不显著。从整体评价,NH4+-N对土垫旱耕人为土和黄土正常新成土表现出正的激发效应,而对干润砂质新成土表现出负的激发效应,对简育干润均腐土在培养20 d和40 d时无激发效应,而在培养60 d时,表现出显著的负激发效应。结果还看出,在培养40 d和60 d时,NH4+-N对农田土壤表现出负激发效应,对林地和裸地土壤表现出正激发效应,而草地土壤在培养40 d时为正激发效应;培养20 d和60 d时无激发效应。添加有机物料在培养20 d和40 d时对激发效应的影响不显著(P=0.0872和0.1641),培养时间延长至60 d时影响显著(P=0.049)。添加紫花苜蓿(Medicago sati-v...

有机胺-多金属氧酸盐超分子化合物的合成、结构及其光、热变色性质研究

近年来随着纳米材料科学、功能材料科学和超分子材料科学等学科的交叉渗透和迅猛发展，设计合成新型的多金属氧酸盐超分子变色材料和研究其结构、性质及变色机理具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。 本文以光致变色材料和热致变色材料的合成、结构与性质的研究为主线，通过水热法和溶液法制备了一系列含氮有机分子多金属氧酸盐的超分子化合物。解析了它们的晶体结构并研究了它们的光致变色与热致变色性质。采用低温固相反应法制备了具有变色特性的纳米氨基酸多金属氧酸盐。主要研究结果如下： 利用水热合成法制备了乙二胺三钼酸盐晶体,发现乙二胺三钼酸盐不仅具有光致变色性质，而且具有热致变色性质。在 365 nm 的紫外光照射下乙二胺三钼酸盐的光致变色样品呈红棕色，而热致变色样品在 180～250 ℃ 之间为蓝黑色。紫外-可见漫反射光谱被用于表征它们的变色性质。FT-IR 和 XRD 的结果确定着色后的样品其晶体结构和钼氧阴离子的骨架不改变，只是发生了轻微的畸变。一系列的光致变色样品和热致变色样品的ESR谱分别保持着各自特征，但二者有明显的差别，这反映出该化合物的热致变色机理与光致变色机理可能有所不同。这一现象是被首次发现和提出的。 利用水热法成功地合成了1, 6-己二胺三钼酸盐及四钼酸盐超分子化合物。单晶X-射线揭示出1, 6-己二胺三钼酸盐是一个新的超分子化合物，在它的晶体结构中，平行于 a 轴的新的无限链[Mo3O10]2–是由扭曲的MoO6八面体通过共边和共角连接的。质子化的己二胺阳离子占据着由无限链[Mo3O10]2–形成的隧道，它们之间以较强的氢键相互作用，形成了一维网络结构。我们发现这两种晶体均展示了新颖的光致变色与热致变色性质。我们利用FTIR、XRD、ESR和XPS对它们的变色性质进行了研究与探索。 选用4, 4'-联吡啶这种线状双基刚性配体, 利用水热法合成了两种4, 4'-联吡啶多金属钼酸盐晶体：一种是化学式为C10H12Mo7N2O23化合物, 另一种是化学式为C10H12Mo3N2O11化合物。测定了前者的晶体结构。两种晶体同样地展示了光致变色和热致变色性质，但后一种化合物有着明显比前一种化合物敏感的光热变色性质。ESR谱揭示出在UV光照射和加热的条件下，两个化合物中的Mo (Ⅵ) 原子均能被还原成Mo(Ⅴ)原子，但仅后一种化合物通过光热着色后有自由基产生。这是否是造成二者光热变色性质差别的原因，有待于今后更深入的研究和探索。 我们利用水溶液法成功地合成了氨基酸多金属氧酸盐晶体。晶体结构分析表明：组氨酸硅钨酸盐基本结构单元由一个[SiW12O40]4–多阴离子和两个质子化的[H2His]2+有机阳离子靠两个氢键相互作用组成。这个化合物展示了一个新颖的三维网络结构。脯氨酸硅钨酸盐的晶体结构正在解析中。在光照或加热后，这两个化合物的颜色由白色变为蓝色。我们利用FTIR、XRD、Raman和ESR研究了它们的光热变色性质。 将低温固相化学反应制备纳米材料的方法应用于纳米氨基酸多金属氧酸盐的制备，选取Silverton型多酸与多种氨基酸反应合成了系列纳米氨基酸-杂多酸电荷转移化合物。苏氨酸((HThr)7PMo12O42•4H2O) 磷钼多酸盐为形状不很规则的二维纳米片，酪氨酸磷钼多酸盐((HTyr)7PMo12O42•5H2O) 为一维纳米棒，丝氨酸磷钼多酸盐((HSer)7PMo12O42•5H2O)和谷氨酸磷钼多酸盐((HGlu)7PMo12O42•4H2O)为零维纳米粒子。有机给体氨基酸的结构对 Silverton 结构杂多化合物的形成起模板剂的作用，从而导致形貌的差异。在紫外光照射下，这些化合物会从白色变成蓝色，且对光比较敏感。

新型吡唑类硝化抑制剂对铵氧化的作用效果

通过室内培养、模拟和田间试验相结合的方法，对吡唑类化合物的硝化抑制效应与其结构的关系进行了详细研究。结果表明，多数吡唑类化合物都能有效抑制土壤中的硝化作用，其中以3-甲基吡唑（MP）、3，4-二甲基吡唑和4-氯-3-甲基吡唑（ClMP）及其衍生物效果最佳。4-位被氯原子取代能够提高吡唑类化合物硝化抑制效果。但因水解作用的发生，1-位的取代反应、中和反应和络合反应均不能改变其硝化抑制效果。三种效果较好的吡唑类硝化抑制剂，3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）、1-甲胺酰基-3-甲基吡唑（CMP）和ClMP在土壤中的最适用量分别为纯N用量的1.0%、1.0%和0.5%。吡唑类化合物的硝化抑制效果随土壤温度和有机质含量的升高而降低；在培养前期（0～14d）随土壤含水量和pH的升高而升高，在培养后期（>14d）随土壤含水量和pH的升高而降低。 吡唑类化合物随水在土层中垂直迁移与水平扩散速率与其分子的亲疏水性有关，垂直和水平迁移速率均为MP>DMPP> ClMP。土壤有机质含量是影响吡唑类化合物在土壤中吸附量的主要因素，有机质含量越高土壤对吡唑类化合物的吸附性越强。随pH的升高，土壤对吡唑类化合物的吸附能力降低，但在土壤通常所能达到的pH范围（4.5～8.5），pH对吡唑类化合物在土壤中的吸附作用影响不显著。土壤类型、抑制剂种类、温度与是否重复使用都影响吡唑类硝化抑制剂在土壤中的降解速率，一般褐土>棕壤，DMPP>MPC，低温>高温，未重复施用>重复施用。 以玉米为供试作物进行了吡唑类硝化抑制剂效果的田间试验，结果表明，吡唑类硝化抑制剂和尿素同时施用能显著提高玉米生育前期土壤中NH4+-N含量，降低土壤中NO3--N含量；并能提高玉米产量和氮肥表观利用率；且能使NO3-向土壤下层淋移趋势明显减缓。

糖原酸酯合成方法的研究以及二环糖胺的合成

在糖化学中，糖原酸酯是一类重要的合成中间体，广泛运用于1,2-反式糖苷的合成，尤其对于寡糖的立体选择性合成具有重要的价值。目前文献报道的制备糖原酸酯的方法大多存在对环境不友好的问题。本文对传统的糖原酸酯制备方法进行了改进，通过研究发现无机碱也能够有效地催化合成糖原酸酯。以溴代糖和醇（或糖基受体）为原料，在无机碱、四丁基溴化铵、乙腈的体系中，合成了一系列简单醇糖原酸酯和糖-糖原酸酯。 聚乙二醇及其衍生物作为有机反应的溶剂和催化剂在有机化学中有广泛的应用。本文阐述了一种以溴代糖和醇（或糖基受体）为原料，在无机碱和聚乙二醇二甲醚反应体系中合成糖原酸酯的方法。该方法中，聚乙二醇二甲醚即作为绿色溶剂又作为催化剂，反应条件温和、环保、高效。 糖胺是一类重要的糖苷酶抑制剂，已在糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱等疾病的治疗中发挥了极其重要的作用。本文提供了一种合成一类具有潜在的糖苷酶抑制活性、结构新颖的二环糖胺的途径。该合成思路是以1-叠氮基-2-C-乙酰甲基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡萄糖为原料，经二环糖亚胺中间体，通过二环糖亚胺还原或加成得到一类二环糖胺。 Sugar orthoesters as one of the most important intermediates in carbohydrate chemistry, are used extensively in the synthesis of sugar 1,2-trans-glycosides, especially oligosaccharide. These methods in the literature are mostly eco-unfriendly. Herein we described a modified protocol for the preparation of sugar orthoesters using inorganic base, by improving the conventional method. Our method involves the treatment of peracetylated or perbenzotlated glycosyl bromides with alcohols in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt and an inorganic alkali in acetonitrile solvent, affording both simple sugar orthoesters and sugar-sugar orthoesters. Polyethylene glycol and their derivatives as solvents or catalysts play a significant role in the organic reaction. We developed a novel and environmentally benign methodology towards the synthesis of sugar orthoesters, which are prepared by the reaction of peracetylated or perbenzotlated glycosyl bromides and alcohols in the presence of dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol as either the reaction medium or catalyst. Glycosylamines and pseudo-glycosylamines have been tested against various glycosidases, and applied to the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. We presented a route of the synthesis of a bicyclic glycosylamine as a potential glycosidases inhibitor with unique structure. Reduction of 2-C-acetlymethyl-β-glucopyranosyl azide derivative firstly produced a bicyclic glycosylimine intermediate, and subsequently the bicyclic glycosylamine and its derivatives would be prepared through the selective reduction or addition the C=N double bond of the bicyclic glycosylimine intermediate.

花椒主效化感物质分离鉴定及化感作用研究

近年来，随着对作物重茬障碍原因的深入研究，植物的化感作用越来越受到国内外众多学者的重视。花椒（Zanthoxy piperitum.）为芸香科植物，是一种收益早、用途广、价值高的经济树种，是川西干旱河谷地区的重要经济作物，其连作障碍也倍受关注，系统研究花椒化感作用将有助于理解和最终解决花椒连作障碍问题。本文首先通过萃取、层析等方法分离花椒主效化感成分；通过外加不同浓度的花椒叶水浸液研究了对土壤氮素养分循环的影响；研究了花椒叶水浸液对苜蓿生理生化、光合作用、氮素养分吸收的影响，并对外施氮肥对这种化感影响的缓解作用做了研究；研究了花椒化感潜力对全球变化——UV-B增强辐射的响应。主要研究结果如下： 1．用不同极性的有机溶剂对花椒叶水浸液浓缩浸膏萃取、柱层析，结合生物活性检测，分离得到主效化感作用组分的一种化感物质——对甲氧基苯酚。采用该物质纯品进行生物活性检测，证明其具有化感作用。 2．花椒叶水浸液处理土壤30天后，土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、无机氮（硝态氮＋铵态氮）与对照相比，随着花椒叶水浸液浓度的增加呈现降低的趋势，其中土壤铵态氮含量显著降低，而硝态氮含量的变化则不显著，无机氮含量也显著降低。土壤脲酶和蛋白酶的活性与无机氮含量的变化趋势相同。随着花椒叶水浸液浓度的增加，氨化细菌数量显著降低，固氮菌的数量变化不显著，硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量有减少的趋势。60天后，硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、无机氮随水浸液浓度增加的变化趋势与30天时相似；随着花椒叶水浸液浓度的增加，氨化细菌、固氮菌的数量显著减少，硝化细菌数量、反硝化细菌数量仍呈减少趋势；土壤脲酶、蛋白酶活性与第30天的变化趋势相同。第60天与第30天的结果相比，相同水浸液浓度处理的硝态氮、铵态氮、无机氮均有下降的趋势，但除了25g.L－1水浸液处理的外，其它相同浓度的处理间差异均不显著；除了12.5 g.L的处理外土壤脲酶活性均呈增强的趋势；蛋白酶活性都有不同程度的增加；花椒叶水浸液处理的土壤硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量呈增加趋势。 3．随着花椒叶水浸液浓度的增加，显著抑制了苜蓿根长、地上地下生物量、叶绿素含量、叶片中可溶性蛋白的含量，净光合速率。苜蓿体内四种抗氧化酶（POD、SOD、CAT、APX） 活性随着水浸液浓度的增加而降低，而丙二醛含量则增加。苜蓿氮初级同化相关酶硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）的活性随着水浸液浓度的增加受到不同程度的影响。总的来说，苜蓿硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰合成酶的活性受到抑制，而谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的变化则比较复杂，根呈先降低后增加的趋势，叶片则无显著变化。外施两种不同浓度的硝酸铵氮肥后，对12.5、25 g.L－1花椒叶水浸液处理的苜蓿化感作用有显著的缓解作用，表现在株高、生物量、光合作用等方面，大多达到与对照（0 g.L－1）未施氮肥无显著差异的水平，而对50 g.L－1水浸液处理的苜蓿幼苗，虽有一定的缓解作用，但这种作用均未达到与对照（0 g.L－1）未施氮肥时无显著差异的水平。 4． UV-B增强辐射处理花椒后，花椒的化感潜力显著增强。花椒叶片内UV-B吸收物质的含量和总酚含量均显著增加。 In recent years, with profound research on the reasons of continuous cropping obstacles, allelopathy received increasing attention to many scholars at home and abroad. Zanthoxy bungeanum as a Rutaceae plant is a high economic value species which gains early and uses widely. Zanthoxylum is an important economic crop in the arid valley of western Sichuan region, and its not even has received much concern for the continuous cropping obstacles. The systematic study of allelopathy of Zanthoxylum will contribute to the understanding and final settlement of this issue. The major allelopathic composition was separated through the extraction, chromatography combined with other methods. The impact on soil nutrient cycling was also studied through the addition of different concentrations of water extracts of Zanthoxylum. Furthermore, the effects of water extracts of Zanthoxylum leaves on alfalfa leaf physiological and biochemical indexes, photosynthesis, soil enzymes and nutrient uptake of nitrogen and the mitigation of allelopathy through using external fertilizer were studied to put forward scientific resolvent for Zanthoxylum continuous cropping obstacles .The response of allelopathic potential of Zanthoxylum to global change - UV-B enhanced radiation was studied . The main findings are as follows: 1. Through extraction with different polar organic solvents on concentrated water extract of Zanthoxylum leaf and then using column chromatography combined with detection of biological activity, one of the main allelopathic components- methoxy-phenol was isolated. The biological activity testing of the pure material of methoxy-phenol proved that it does have allelopathic potential. 2. Thirty days after treating soil with water extract of Zanthoxylum leaf, as compared with the control, the contents of soil nitrate, ammonium, nitrate plus ammonium nitrogen showed a trend of decrease with the increase of the concentration of water extract whereas the content of ammonium nitrogen showed a significant reduction, and the content of nitrate did not change significantly, the content of nitrate plus ammonium nitrogen also showed a significant (P <0.05) redction. The activity of soil urease and protease showed the same trend as the content of nitrate nitrogen plus ammonium nitrogen. With the increase in the concentration of water extract, the number of ammonification bacteria significantly reduced but nitrogen-fixing bacteria did not change significantly and there was a decreasing trend in the number of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Sixty days after the treatment, with the increase in solution concentration of water extract of Zanthoxylum leaf, the content of nitrate、 ammonium nitrogen, nitrate plus ammonium nitrogen showed a similar change trend to 30 days’; the number of ammonification bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly reduced ; the number of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria was still an downward trend; the activity of soil urease and protease showed the same trend as the 30th days’. Compared to the results of the 30th days’, the content of nitrate, ammonium, nitrate plus ammonium nitrogen showed a decrease trend between the treatment of same concentration, but there was no significant difference except the treatment of 25g.L-1 between the same concentration; the activity of soil urease showed enhanced trend except the treatment of 12.5 g.L-1; the activity of protease increased to varying degrees; the number of ammonification bacteria、 nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were growing while nitrogen-fixing bacteria reduced.. 3. With the increase of the concentration of water extract of Zanthoxylum leaf, the water extract significantly inhibited the root length, aboveground biomass, content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaf and net photosynthetic rate. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT, APX) reduced with the increase in concentration of the water extract but the content of MDA increased. The activity of enzymes related to primary nitrogen assimilation such nitrate reductase (NR), glutamyl synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were subject to different degrees with an increase in the concentration of water extracts. In general, the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamyl synthetase were inhibited, while change in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was more complex. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase in leaf was first reduced and then increase,but did not change significantly in root. After using two external different concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer, there was a significant mitigation in inhibiton in plant height, biomass, photosynthesis, etc. in the treatment of 12.5,25 gL-1 of water extract of Zanthoxylum leaf, and most of these indexes showed no significant difference with the control (0 g.L-1, no external fertilizer was added) .Although there showed a certain degree of ease in the treatment of 50 g.L-1 , there was still a significant difference compared with the control (0 gL-1) in which no external fertilizer was used. 4.The allelopathic potential of Zanthoxylum positively responded to enhanced UV-B significantly. The content of UV-B absorbing compounds and the total phenol also significant increased.

氮肥对黄瓜根际土壤线虫群落组成、结构及其多样性的影响

土壤线虫是土壤动物的主要功能类群之一，在土壤养分分解和循环中起到重要的作用。本研究通过施用两种形态氮肥，硝态氮(NO-3–N)和铵态氮(NH+4–N)，对黄瓜整个生长期内根际土壤线虫的群落组成、结构及其多样性等的影响进行了比较研究。为增进土壤健康，提高土壤质量以及合理施用氮肥提供科学的理论依据。研究结果如下： 1. 氮肥处理后，不同浓度NO-3–N处理提高了根际土壤线虫数量，而NH+4–N处理（202.5 kg N/ hm2）抑制了线虫数量的增加。线虫群落结构相对较稳定，营养类群变化不大。且少量优势科/属会对土壤线虫群落特征起着至关重要的作用。 2. 在整个生长季节内，非寄生线虫的群体动态变化与寄生线虫的群体的动态变化具有相反的变化趋势。其中，NO-3–N处理和NH+4–N处理后植物寄生线虫出现频率的变化趋势相近，都是由高到低；非植物寄生线虫出现频率的变化趋势则都是由低到高。这说明非植物寄生线虫数量增长和空间占位对植物寄生线虫群体有一定的抑制作用。另外，也反映了适量氮肥在一定程度上能够减轻植物寄生线虫对黄瓜的危害。 3. 由多样性指数变化可知，NO-3–N和NH+4–N在低肥（67.5 kg N/hm2）和高肥（202.5 kg N/hm2）处理较中肥（135.0 kg N/hm2）处理，更不利于提高土壤线虫多样性地提高和线虫群落的稳定性。中肥不同形态氮肥处理与对照相比，H´指数在初花期和结果期显著增加了土壤线虫的H´指数，说明施入两种形态的氮肥能够提高线虫生物多样性程度。NH+4–N处理在初花期和结果期显著降低了土壤线虫种类的丰富性。土壤线虫生物多样性变化中，H´和SR指数在一定程度上能够反映施用无机氮肥对土壤线虫的多样性的影响，而J指数和λ指数效果不明显。NO-3–N和NH+4–N处理相比较，NO-3–N处理对黄瓜土壤线虫的多样性指数影响更大，促进了土壤线虫群体的多样化和种类的丰富度，更有利于提高土壤线虫的多样性，增加其稳定性。这些结果表明适量无机氮肥特别是NO-3–N的施用对黄瓜土壤线虫的生物多样性有一定的维护和提高作用。 4. 线虫数量与土壤质量指标的相关分析表明：线虫数量与有关土壤理化生指标，如土壤NO-3–N、NH+4–N、有机质含量等的正相关程度高，与总酚含量等显著负相关；与根际土壤微生物，细菌、真菌、放线菌数量等呈显著正相关。另外，线虫数量与土壤含水量未表现出显著相关关系。 Nematodes play a major role in decomposition and nutrient cycling in soil. Nematode community analyses are useful in assessing soil ecosystem status and function. The effects of two forms of mineral nitrogenous fertilizers (NO-3–N and NH+4–N) on nematode community composition, structure and diversity in rhizosphere of cucumber were investigated during different growing seasons of cucumber. Systematically research of effects of nitrogenous fertilizers could help to obtain better undstanding of a healthy soil and using nitrogenous fertilizers in reason. The main results are as follows: 1. The total numbers of nematode were more abundant in NH+4–N treatments than other teatments. However, NH+4–N teatment（202.5 kg N/hm2）dramatically inhibited it. All the tropic groups in the soil nematode communities were stable, and the dominant family or genus had an important function in the nematode community structure. 2. There was similar trend of the frequency of plant parasitic nematodes between NO-3–N and NH+4–N treatment, the similar trend of the frequency of non-plant parasitic nematodes was also found. But the frequency of plant parasitic nematodes exhibited a contrary trend to that of plant parasitic nematodes after different nitrogenous fertilizer treatments. The results showed that the increasing trend of the frequency and the niche of non-plant parasitic nematodes inhibited the plant parasitic nematodes, and indicated that right chemical fertilizers dosage could abate plant parasitic nematodes harm to cucumber. 3. The changes of the biodiversity index showed that the nitrogen treatment（135.0 kg N/hm2）promoted the stabilization of soil nematode diversity than other nitrogen treatments(67.5 kg N/hm2 and 202.5 kg N/hm2). In the treatment（135.0 kg N/hm2）,The changes in nematode diversity between the control plots and treated plots were compared by the biodiversity index (H´, J, SR, λ). Among these tested index, H´ and SR were effective in reflecting the effects of different nitrogenous fertilizers on the diversity of soil nematodes. In comparison with the NH+4–N treatment, the NO-3–N treatment promoted the stabilization of soil nematode diversity. 4. Correlation coefficients between nematode abundance and soil quality indices indicated that the total numbers of nematode were affected positively by NO-3–N, NH+4–N and the organic matter, and negatively by total phenolic acids; the total num- bers of nematode had positive correlation with bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes nu- mbers. Soil water contents had only a weak negative influence on it.