Indian and Eskimo Affairs Fonds, 1973-1976

In September 1968, the Indian Affairs Branch of Canada within the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND), ceased to exist as a result of a major reorganization. In its place the Indian and Eskimo Affairs Program emerged including elements from both the former Indian Affairs and Northern Administration branches. This new structure was based on function rather than on geographic location or ethnic origin. The Program included the areas within the Department responsible for adminstration of; education, social, cultural, community and economic development as well as statutory commitments. After 1978 the Program became known as the Indian and Inuit Affairs Program (IIAP).

Collective violence : a study of the gendered and socio-economic factors behind early modern Italian and English witch hunts

In this study, I build upon my previous research in which I focus on religious doctrine as a gendered disciplinary apparatus, and examine the witch trials in early modem England and Italy in light of socio-economic issues relating to gender and class. This project examines the witch hunts/trials and early modem visual representations of witches, and what I suggest is an attempt to create docile bodies out of members of society who are deemed unruly, problematic and otherwise 'undesirable'; it is the witch's body that is deemed counternormative. This study demonstrates that it is neighbours and other acquaintances of accused witches that take on the role of the invisible guard of Bantham's Panoptic on. As someone who is trained in the study of English literature and literary theory, my approach is one that is informed by this methodology. It is my specialization in early modem British literature that first exposed me to witch-hunting manuals and tales of the supernatural, and it is for this reason that my research commences with a study of representations of witches and witchcraft in early modem England. From my initial exposure to such materials I proceed to examine the similarities and the differences of the cultural significance of the supernatural vis-a.-vis women's activities in early modem Italy. The subsequent discussion of visual representations of witches involves a predominance of Germanic artists, as the seminal work on the discernment of witches and the application of punishment known as the Malleus Meleficarum, was written in Germany circa 1486. Textual accounts of witch trials such as: "A Pitiless Mother (1616)," "The Wonderful Discovery of the Witchcrafts of Margaret and Philippa Flower (1619)," "Magic and Poison: The Trial ofChiaretta and Fedele (circa 1550)", and the "The Case of Benvegnuda Pincinella: Medicine Woman or Witch (1518),"and witchhunting manuals such as the Malleus Melejicarum and Strix will be put in direct dialogue with visual representations of witches in light of historical discourses pertaining to gender performance and gendered expectations. Issues relating to class will be examined as they pertain to the material conditions of presumed witches. The dominant group in any temporal or geographic location possesses the tools of representation. Therefore, it is not surprising that the physical characteristics, sexual habits and social material conditions that are attributed to suspected witches are attributes that can be deemed deviant by the ruling class. The research will juxtapose the social material conditions of suspected witches with the guilt, anxiety, and projection of fear that the dominant groups experienced in light of the changing economic landscape of the Renaissance. The shift from feudalism to primitive accumulation, and capitalism saw a rise in people living in poverty and therefore an increased dependence upon the good will of others. I will discuss the social material conditions of accused witches as informed by what Robyn Wiegman terms a "minoritizing discourse" (210). People of higher economic standing often blamed their social, medical, and/or economic difficulties on the less fortunate, resulting in accusations of witchcraft.

Retrospective Exploration of the 3Rs Education Program: Systemic Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have historically been denied basic rights and thus have been subjected to abuse. The 3Rs: Rights, Respect and Responsibility Human Rights Education Program was implemented and researched through a partnership with Community Living Welland Pelham and Brock University initially and then cascade training on the program was provided to five developmental service sector agencies from across the Niagara Region. This research evaluated the role of the 3Rs education program on the shift to a rights-based service agenda across those five agencies. Interviews were conducted with the Executive Director and Liaison staff from each of the agencies and a thematic analysis was used to describe factors that facilitated organizational changes and a cultural shift. Systemic barriers to the change were also explored. The results indicated that the 3Rs education program provides the catalyst necessary for the shift to a rights-based service agenda and that the resultant changes in practices now embedded in the organizations are reflective of a shift to a rights-based service agenda.

Power, Contextual Intelligence and Leadership: Research Approaches for Understanding Participatory Community Climate Change Adaptation

Analysis of power in natural resources management is important as multiple stakeholders interact within complex, social-ecological systems. As a sub-set of these interactions, community climate change adaptation is increasingly using participatory processes to address issues of local concern. While some attention has been paid to power relations in this respect, e.g. evaluating international climate regimes or assessing vulnerability as part of integrated impact assessments, little attention has been paid to how a structured assessment of power could facilitate real adaptation and increase the potential for successful participatory processes. This paper surveys how the concept of power is currently being applied in natural resources management and links these ideas to agency and leadership for climate change adaptation. By exploring behavioural research on destructive leadership, a model is developed for informing participatory climate change adaptation. The working paper then concludes with a discussion of developing research questions in two specific areas - examining barriers to adaptation and mapping the evolution of specific participatory processes for climate change adaptation.

Relationship between Socio-Demographic Factors and Familial and Partner Pressures to Conceive in HIV-Positive Women in Ontario

This study examined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and family and partner pressure to conceive in women living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. A total of 490 women, aged 18-52 years were included in the study. The HIV Pregnancy Planning Questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, medical, and pressure variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggest that increased age, years lived in Canada, and living in Toronto were associated with lower odds, and being married and having 0-1 lifetime births were associated with higher odds of family pressure to conceive. Increased age was associated with lower odds, and being married and living in Toronto were associated with higher odds of partner pressure to conceive. Findings suggest that socio-demographic factors influence the fertility decision-making process. Health care providers should consider socio-demographic factors along with medical factors when assisting women living with HIV and their partners to make informed reproductive decisions.

Comitum princeps tu mihi eris: Rape and the Distribution of Auctoritas in Ovid's Fasti

In Ovid’s Fasti, the rape narratives of Callisto, Lara, Flora, and Carna contain the common themes of the distribution of auctoritas and/or the subversion of auctoritas. While all four characters are victims of rape, Callisto loses auctoritas as a result of her rape by Jupiter, whereas Flora and Carna gain auctoritas from their rapes by Zephyrus and Janus respectively. Since Ovid associated Augustus with Jupiter on more than one occasion in the poem, it appears that readers were meant to see a parallel between Jupiter’s dealings with auctoritas in these narratives and Augustus’ exercise of his auctoritas over Rome. Zephyrus’ and Janus’ bestowal of auctoritas upon their victims was intended to be a foil for Jupiter’s denial of auctoritas to Callisto and strict regulation of his own auctoritas, which Lara’s narrative exemplifies, in order for Ovid to criticize the overwhelming nature of Augustus’ auctoritas, as well as specific Augustan policies.

Leisure as a Facilitator of Posttraumatic Growth in Individuals Living with Cancer

Although there is a growing body of literature that shifts the focus of chronic illness and trauma research to personal growth, there is limited literature on the role that leisure has in this process (e.g., Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). This qualitative study explored the role of leisure in the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth (PTG) for individuals living with cancer. The findings revealed that leisure influences PTG in four domains: (a) building meaningful relationships, (b) providing experiences to develop and maintain a sense of self, (c) creating opportunities to experience positive emotions, and (d) finding purpose in life. Findings provide insight on how individuals living with cancer perceive the role that leisure has in facilitating positive change after diagnosis. These findings will better enable healthcare and leisure providers to understand the unique needs of individuals living with cancer, and help them to facilitate meaningful leisure programs to encourage PTG.

Deliberative Democracy and Precautionary Public Reasoning : Exploratory Thoughts

article

Les Réseaux de la Pénombre:Typologie de l'aide reçue par les Personnes Âgées

Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’analyse et à la mise à jour d’une typologie de l’aide reçue par les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus vivant à domicile. Cette étude secondaire s’est basée sur les données recueuillies dans deux milieux francophones, Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (HM) et Moncton (MCT). La collecte de données avait été faite par l’entremise d’un questionnaire administré par entrevue face à face. Les deux objectifs, de cette thèse sont : 1) Établir une typologie des réseaux d’aide, résultant de la combinaison des sources d’aide et des tâches accomplies ; 2) Identifier les principaux déterminants d’appartenance aux réseaux. La typologie obtenue met en relation les ressources, formelles ou informelles, utilisées par les personnes âgées et l’aide instrumentale reçue. La capacité ou l’incapacité à effectuer neuf activités de la vie quotidienne et huit de la vie domestique ont servi à évaluer l’aide reçue. Six ressources formelles et dix informelles ont été examinées selon qu’elles étaient les 1ères, 2ièmes ou 3ièmes sources d’aide utilisées par les personnes âgées. L’approche privilégiée s’est inspirée de celle des réseaux sociaux et du modèle de Pescosolido. C’est l’influence des caractéristiques sociodémographiques des personnes âgées, de leurs états de santé, de leurs habitudes de vie sur leurs réseaux qui nous ont intéressés. Les résultats sont présentés à chaque fois pour nos deux milieux séparément. Nous commençons par un descriptif des sources d’aide utilisées et des aides reçues. Puis les profils des sources d’aide utilisées et des activités accomplies sont exposés pour l’ensemble des personnes âgées. Ces profils servent de base pour obtenir notre typologie. Elle comprend cinq catégories. Ces catégories sont toutes composées de personnes âgées faisant appel à de l’aide formelle, informelle ou mixte pour accomplir des tâches uniques ou multiples. La première catégorie « Transitoire », comprend 39% (HM) et 46% (MCT) des personnes âgées qui débute un processus d’incapacité. Elles font appel à des ressources informelles pour accomplir une tâche unique. La deuxième catégorie « Personnes âgées seules » en rassemble 14% (HM et MCT), majoritairement des femmes, avec peu d’incapacités. Ces dernières utilisent de l’aide formelle pour une tâche unique. La troisième catégorie « Familiale » regroupe 12% (HM et MCT) des personnes âgées bien entourées qui ont plusieurs incapacités. Ces gens font appel à des sources d’aide informelles pour réaliser des tâches multiples. La quatrième catégorie « Très fragile » rassemble 30% (HM) et 25% (MCT) des personnes âgées peu entourées ayant beaucoup d’incapacités. Elles utilisent des ressources d’aide mixtes pour effectuer des tâches multiples. La cinquième catégorie « Pré institutionnel » comprend 4% (HM et MCT) des personnes âgées qui ont le plus d’incapacités et qui sont seules. Ces gens font appel à de l’aide formelle pour des tâches multiples. Les déterminants d’appartenance à ces catégories proviennent des blocs sociodémographiques, état de santé et réseaux sociaux de notre modèle théorique. Une des contributions importantes de cette thèse a été de pouvoir identifier cinq catégories bien distinctes composant une typologie de l’aide reçue, indépendamment du milieu, par des personnes âgées vivant à domicile. MOTS CLÉS : Typologie, réseaux sociaux, personnes âgées, services de soins, formels, informels, aides reçues, sources d’aide, incapacités, déterminants d’appartenance, fragilité

Développement, mise à l’essai et évaluation qualitative d’une intervention infirmière dyadique auprès de couples âgés vivant avec la maladie de Parkinson au stade modéré

Au Québec, près de 25 000 personnes, principalement des aînés, sont touchées par la maladie de Parkinson (MP), la majorité étant soignée par leur conjoint. Au stade modéré, la MP altère la santé et la qualité de vie de ces couples. Ce stade est propice à la mise en place d’interventions dyadiques, car les couples expérimentent des pertes croissantes, nécessitant plusieurs ajustements. Néanmoins, aucune étude n’avait encore examiné leurs besoins d’intervention lors de cette transition et peu d’interventions pour les soutenir ont fait l’objet d’études évaluatives. Avec comme cadre de référence la théorie de l’expérience de transition de Meleis et al. (2000) et l’approche systémique de Wright et Leahey (2009), cette étude visait à développer, mettre à l’essai et évaluer une intervention auprès de couples âgés vivant avec la MP au stade modéré. À cette fin, un devis qualitatif et une approche participative ont été privilégiés. L’élaboration et l’évaluation de l’intervention s’appuient sur le cadre méthodologique d’Intervention Mapping de Bartholomew et al. (2006) et sur les écrits de Miles et Huberman (2003). L’étude s’est déroulée dans une clinique ambulatoire spécialisée dans la MP. Dix couples et quatre intervenants ont collaboré à la conceptualisation de l’intervention. Trois nouveaux couples en ont fait l’expérimentation et l’évaluation. L’intervention dyadique compte sept rencontres de 90 minutes, aux deux semaines. Les principaux thèmes, les méthodes et les stratégies d’intervention sont basés sur les besoins et les objectifs des dyades ainsi que sur des théories et des écrits empiriques. L’intervention est orientée vers les préoccupations des dyades, la promotion de la santé, la résolution de problèmes, l’accès aux ressources, la communication et l’ajustement des rôles. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré la faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et l’utilité de l’intervention. Les principales améliorations notées par les dyades sont l’adoption de comportements de santé, la recherche de solutions ajustées aux situations rencontrées et profitables aux deux partenaires, la capacité de faire appel à des services et l’accroissement des sentiments de maîtrise, de soutien mutuel, de plaisir et d’espoir. Cette étude fournit des pistes aux infirmières, engagées dans différents champs de pratique, pour développer et évaluer des interventions dyadiques écologiquement et théoriquement fondées.

Pratiques de recours aux médicaments chez les femmes migrantes chinoises à Montréal

Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à produire des connaissances sur les pratiques de recours aux médicaments chez les femmes migrantes chinoises à Montréal. Plus précisément, le but de l'étude est de documenter leurs pratiques de recours aux médicaments, d'analyser les logiques qui les sous-tendent et finalement d'évaluer l'impact de l'expérience migratoire sur ceux-ci. Une approche anthropologique sensible aux facteurs culturels, socio-économiques et politiques sert de contexte d'analyse aux entretiens semidirigés, réalisés auprès de femmes migrantes chinoises. La reconstruction des itinéraires thérapeutiques a dans un premier temps permis d'observer des expériences de santé et de recours thérapeutiques qui bougent dans le temps et qui sont marqués par la migration ainsi que par des temps forts tels que les grossesses et les périodes de stress. Dans un deuxième temps, l'analyse qualitative a servi à dégager trois principaux facteurs d'influence sur les recours médicamenteux et thérapeutiques : les représentations culturelles, le vécu des expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux soins et aux médicaments. Les données récoltées tendent à montrer d’une part que les expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux médicaments et aux soins sont influencées par l'expérience migratoire et d’autre part que les pratiques thérapeutiques de nos informatrices sont imprégnées de pluralisme, et ce, au Canada comme en Chine.

Contribution of size fractions of planktonic algae to primary organic productivity in the coastal waters of Cochin- south west coast of lndia

This thesis entitled “Contribution of size fractions of planktonic algae to primary organic productivity in the coastal waters of cochin,south west coast of india”. Marine ecosystems planktonic algae are the most important primary producers on wliich considerable attention is being given on account of their supreme status in the marine food chain.The study of primary production in the Indian Ocean started With DANA (I928-30),, John Murray t I933-34). Discovery ( I934) and Albatross (I947-48) expeditions which tried to evaluate productivity from nutrients and standing crop of phytoplankton .The bioproductivity of the marine environment is dependent on various primary producers. ranging in size from picoplankton to larger macro phytoplankton. The quantity and quality of various size fractions of planktonic algae at any locality depend mainly on the hydrographic conditions of the area .In the coastal waters of Cochin- south west coast of lndia. Planktonic algal community is composed mainly of the diatoms, the dinoflagellates, the blue-green algae and the silicoflagellates, the former two contributing the major flora and found distributed in the all size fractions. The maximum number of species of diatoms at station 1 and station 2 was found in the pre-monsoon season.. The size groups of planktonic algae greater than 53 um are dominated by filamentous- chain forming and colonial diatoms. The coastal waters of Cochin. planktonic algae less than 53 um in size contribute significantly to primary productivity and the biodiversity of the microflora, indicating the presence of rich fishery resources in the south west coast of india.The study of different size fractions of planktonic algae and their relative contribution to the primary organic production is a useful tool for the estimation of the quantity and quality of fisheries.A deeper investigation on the occurrence of these microalgae and proper identification of their species would be of immense help for the assessment of the specificity and magnitude of fishery resources.

Environmental impact of sand mining

This thesis Entitled Environmental impact of Sand Mining :A case Study in the river catchments of vembanad lake southwest india.The entire study is addressed in nine chapters. Chapter l deals with the general introduction about rivers, problems of river sand mining, objectives, location of the study area and scope of the study. A detailed review on river classification, classic concepts in riverine studies, geological work of rivers and channel processes, importance of river ecosystems and its need for management are dealt in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 gives a comprehensive account of the study area - its location, administrative divisions, physiography, soil, geology, land use and living and non-living resources. The various methods adopted in the study are dealt in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 contains river characteristics like drainage, environmental and geologic setting, channel characteristics, river discharge and water quality of the study area. Chapter 6 gives an account of river sand mining (instream and floodplain mining) from the study area. The various environmental problems of river sand mining on the land adjoining the river banks, river channel, water, biotic and social / human environments of the area and data interpretation are presented in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 deals with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of sand mining from the river catchments of Vembanad lake.

Aquatic Cyanobacteria Isolated from Cochin: Growth characteristics and bioactive impact on selected microflora

Aquatic ecosystem in the south west coast of India is noted for its diversity of habitats. Very often these environments turn bluegreen when the bloom of bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria) appear consequent to eutrophication. This phenomenon occursin these habitats one after the other or simultaneously. This conspicuousness make one curious enough to know more about these nature’s gift bestowed upon mankind. While persuing the literature on the magnificent flora) it is understood that it may provide food fertilizer, chemicals and bioactive substances. These bioactive substances are likely to be involved in regulating natural populations and are potentially useful as biochemical tools and as herbicidal or biocontrol agents. The role of cyanobacteria in the aquatic food chain and contribution in abatement of heavy metals from the natural environment are well documented. Considering the manifold utilization of the flora and their significance in the food chain, the present investigation has been undertaken

Systematics and pathogenicity of vibrionaceae associated with the larvae of macrobrachium rosenbergii in hatchery

The great potential for the culture of non-penaeid prawns, especially Macrobrachium rosenbergii in brackish and low saline areas of Indian coastal zone has not yet been fully exploited due to the non availability of healthy seed in adequate numbers and that too in the appropriate period. In spite of setting up several prawn hatcheries around the country to satiate the ever growing demands for the seed of the giant fresh water prawn, the supply still remains fear below the requirement mainly due to the mortality of the larvae at different stages of the larval cycle. In a larval rearing system of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, members of the family Vibrionaceae were found to be dominant flora and this was especially pronounced during the times of mortality However, to develop any sort of prophylactic and therapeutic measures, the pathogenic strains have to be segregated from the lot. This would never be possible unless they were clustered based on the principles of numerical taxonomy It is with these objectives and requirements that the present work involving phenotypic characterization of the isolates belonging to the family Vibrionaceae and working out the numerical taxonomy, determination of mole % G+C ratio, segregation of the pathogenic strains and screening antibiotics as therapeutics at times of emergency, was carried out.