Summer monsoon intensity controls C-4/C-3 plant abundance during the last 35 ka in the Chinese Loess Plateau: Carbon isotope evidence from bulk organic matter and individual leaf waxes

IEECAS SKLLQG

用于光谱和能级寿命测量的控制及数据获取电子学系统

简要介绍了为高电离态原子光谱学实验研究装置研制的控制及数据获取电子学系统。该系统主要用于光谱和能级寿命的测量控制与数据获取。

单电离态Kr原子的能级寿命的研究

在 12 0keV的能量下 ,用束 -箔方法研究了跃迁强谱线的单电离态Kr原子激发态能级5p4 D07/2 ,5p4 D05/2 的寿命。并与理论和其它实验结果做了比较和讨论。

Properties of the superheavy nuclei (288)115 and its alpha-decay chain in a generalized liquid-drop model

The properties of the nuclei belonging to the newly observed nuclei starting from (288)115 have been studied with the generalized liquid drop model connected with WKB approximation. The calculated results have been compared with the results of the DDM3Y theory and the experimental data. The half lives of this new alpha decay chain have been well tested from the consistence of the macroscopic, microscopic and the experimental data.

Optimal design of a 7 T highly homogeneous superconducting magnet for a Penning trap

A Penning trap system called Lanzhou Penning Trap (LPT) is now being developed for precise mass measurements at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). One of the key components is a 7 T actively shielded superconducting magnet with a clear warm bore of 156 mm. The required field homogeneity is 3 x 10(-7) over two 1 cubic centimeter volumes lying 220 mm apart along the magnet axis. We introduce a two-step method which combines linear programming and a nonlinear optimization algorithm for designing the multi-section superconducting magnet. This method is fast and flexible for handling arbitrary shaped homogeneous volumes and coils. With the help of this method an optimal design for the LPT superconducting magnet has been obtained.

Design of a 7 T Superconducting Magnet for Lanzhou Penning Trap

A penning trap system called LPT (LANZHOU PENNING TRAP) is now being developed for precise mass measurements in IMP (Institute of Modern Physics). The most key component of LPT is a superconducting magnet. A Phi 156 mm warm bore and two cylinder good field regions with a distance of 220 mm are required for trapping ions and measurements. As the required homogeneity is better than 0.5 ppm, several complicated coaxial coils are used to produce such a magnetic field. The size and position of these coils are optimized by using a method combining linear program with multiobjective optimization. Superconducting shim coils and passive shim pieces are used to eliminate inevitable winding tolerances and environmental influence. The fringe field is decreased to 5 Gs at 2 m line from the center of the magnet by active shielding coils. The designs of the mechanical structure, the quench protection system are also introduced in this paper.

新一代多电荷态离子源的研究

离子源发展存在两大热点问题：其一强流高电荷态离子的产生；其二强流金 属离子的产生。为了获得强流高电荷态离子，我们设计制造了全超导 ECR 离子 源 SECRAL（Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou） ， 该离子源采用了全新的超导磁体结构形式，工作于 18～28GHz 的微波频率。根据 scaling laws 和实验经验，我们确定了 SECRAL 离子源所需要的约束磁场场形， 并针对新的磁体结构设想，通过 TOSCA 程序进行了详细的计算，成功地设计出 满足我们场形要求的超导磁体物理模型。据此，我们进一步进行了超导磁体的力 学结构分析，为磁体机械工艺设计提供了参考依据，保证了超导磁体结构设计的 可靠性。源体建成后，经过一系列的测试和调束实验，不但验证了我们的设计和 分析是合理的、可靠的，而且创造了许多项束流调试的新世界纪录，我们分别获 得了 810 A eμ O7+ 、730 A eμ Ar 11+ 、220 A eμ Ar 14+ 、73 A eμ Ar 16+ 、483 A eμ Xe 20+ 等束 流。为了获得强流中低电荷态金属离子束，我们尝试探索一种原理、结构、工作 模式全新的离子源－外部电子注入PIG离子源（E-PIG） 。目前，我们基本按照我 们的初期设想设计建造了 E-PIG离子源，设计中采用了外部电子枪注入电子、空 心阴极、特殊的场形等手段来提高金属离子的电荷态和流强。经过初步的起弧调 试，我们发现在初期的设计中还存在一些问题亟待进一步整改。

逼近理想解排序方法与园林规划树种选择

将多目标决策中的逼近理想解的排序方法引入到园林规划树种选择之中,通过对园林规划目标,规划区立地条件,园林树木特性,园林树木用途进行指标量化,建立规划目标指标量化+TOPSIS模型,并结合实例验证其准确性和优越性,为风景园林树种规划提供一种科学、理性、规范的方法。

长白山次生林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构特点

对长白山白河局不同演替阶段次生林土壤线虫的组成进行了比较.结果表明:捕获的9 885头线虫分别隶属于线虫动物门2纲8目30科68属,各演替阶段次生林土壤线虫属数及Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)由多到少依次为220年林龄(Ⅴ)>130年林龄(Ⅳ)>85年林龄(Ⅲ)>12年林龄(Ⅰ)>25年林龄(Ⅱ).其中绕线属Plectus、小杆属Rhabditis、似绕线属Anaplectus、滑刃属Aphelenchoides和伪垫刃属Nothotylenchus为优势属,优势属线虫主要分布在枯枝落叶层.土壤线虫总数和营养类群在不同土壤深度中差异显著(P<0.01):枯枝落叶层>0~5 cm土层>5~10 cm土层>10~20 cm土层;食真菌类群数量与食细菌类群数量之和与植物寄生类群数量之比(Iw)以及线虫成熟指数(Im)在不同土壤深度也存在明显差异(P<0.01).在不同土壤深度和不同植被群落中,丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫.

Close-coupling time-dependent quantum dynamics study of the H+HCl reaction

The paper presents a theoretical study of the dynamics of the H + HCl system on the potential energy surface (PES) of Bian and Werner (Bian, W.; Werner, H. -J., J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 112, 220). A time-dependent wave packet approach was employed to calculate state-to-state reaction probabilities for the exchanged and abstraction channels. The most recent PES for the system has been used in the calculations. Reaction probabilities have also been calculated for several values of the total angular momentum J > 0. Those have then been used to estimate cross sections and rate constants for both channels. The calculated cross sections can be compared with the results of previous quasiclassical trajectory calculations and reaction dynamics experimental on the abstraction channel. In addition, the calculated rate constants are in the reasonably good agreement with experimental measurement.

低分子量有机酸对黑土无机磷动态变化的影响

采用盆栽试验方法研究了低分子量有机酸对黑土无机磷在大豆整个生育时期内动态变化的影响,结果表明:低分子量有机酸促进了土壤无机磷的释放,增加了大豆对磷的吸收,作用大小为混合酸>草酸>柠檬酸>苹果酸,表明该土壤无机磷的释放决定着大豆的磷素供应。土壤无机磷组分随着大豆生育时期的推进而发生不同的变化,Ca2-P的含量先增加后降低而后又增加,Ca8-P先增加而后逐渐降低,而Ca10-P则是先降低而后逐渐增加,Fe-P含量表现为先降低后增加而后又降低,Al-P和O-P含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势。不同低分子量有机酸处理相比,Ca2-P和Ca8-P表现为柠檬酸>草酸>混合酸、苹果酸>对照>空白;而Ca10-P、Fe-P、Al-P和O-P则表现为空白>对照>苹果酸>混合酸>草酸>柠檬酸,表明柠檬酸和草酸对黑土中的难溶态磷组分有较强的活化能力,而苹果酸和混合酸相对较弱。同时种大豆与不种大豆相比,Ca2-P和Ca8-P含量增加;而Ca10-P、Fe-P、Al-P和O-P含量则降低,表明大豆根系分泌的有机酸活化了土壤中的无机磷,促进了磷由难溶态向可溶态转化,增加了土壤无机磷的有效性。随着大豆生育时期的推进,黑土中速效磷含量基本呈现逐渐降低的趋势,下降顺序为:苹果酸>柠檬酸>混合酸>草酸>对照。

Epoxidation of propylene over Ag-CuCl catalysts using air as the oxidant

Ag-CuCl catalysts were found to be active and selective for the epoxidation of propylene using air as the oxidant. Ag catalyst gives a propylene conversion of 31.6%, with a propylene oxide (PO) selectivity of 0.42% at a reaction temperature of 350 degreesC after 220 min of reaction. Addition of CuCl significantly improves the selectivity to PO, and suppresses the conversion of propylene. The Ag-CuCl (1/0.6) catalyst gives propylene conversion of about 3% and a PO selectivity of about 30% at a reaction temperature of 350 degreesC after 500 min of reaction. The activity of the Ag-CuCl catalyst increases with the reaction time and the selectivity to PO is very stable for this catalyst. It is found that AgCl and CuO phases formed during the catalyst preparation are beneficial to the epoxidation of propylene.

黑土区春小麦群体物质和能量积累研究

利用大田和实验室测定的方法,测定黑土区春小麦群体根、茎、叶、穗等物质和能量在整个生育期的积累过程,旨在为黑土区农业生态系统研究提供实测依据。结果表明,在整个生育期中,春小麦不同器官鲜物质积累的最大值出现的时期各异;除叶和20 cm以下根外,其它器官干物质累积均随生长发育而增加;各器官含水量差异较大,但都随生长而降低;每个器官能量的累积总量并不都是随生长发育而持续增长,且器官间单位干物质所含能量差异较大,变化范围为0.9×10~4 J·g~(-1)(根,孕穗期)至1.5×10~4 J·g~(-1)(叶,三叶期),根、秸秆、籽粒积累的能量分别为6.8×10~5、78.9×10~5和87.9×10~5 J·m~(-2),分别占总积累能量的3.9％、45.4％、50.7％。同实测法相比,计算法获得的秸秆能值高出31％。因此,测定法较计算法能更精确地反映能量在生态系统中的流动。

混合固定化酵母菌对苯并(α)芘污染土壤的修复

将3株酵母菌进行两两混合及3株混合后,采用物理法和化学法对其进行固定化包埋,用于多环芳烃苯并(α)芘污染土壤的修复。实验结果表明,酵母菌经过混合固定化包埋后,通过降解率及降解动力学分析可以得出,其降解效果明显好于游离菌,这是由于酵母菌经过包埋后,载体内部菌密度有效增加的结果。空白对照虽未接菌种,但污染物也有少量的下降,这是由于载体中含有一定量的活性炭,对污染物具有吸附作用,这种吸附作用随着时间的延长而趋于平缓。由实验结果还可以看出,物理法更适合对酵母菌进行混合固定化包埋,但并非混合酵母菌菌株越多,降解效果越好。菌株IM219-220-phy对苯并(α)芘的降解率最高达40.65%,半衰期为5.66d。