Impacto da poluição luminosa nas aves marinhas da ilha Terceira

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação da Natureza.

Emissões de carbono: caracterização do perfil de emissões de gases de efeito de estufa associadas à Monteiro, Ribas - Embalagens Flexíveis, S.A.

A presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo estimar as emissões de carbono resultantes das actividades da Monteiro, Ribas- Embalagens Flexíveis, S.A. A realização do inventário de gases de efeito estufa permite que a Monteiro, Ribas- Embalagens Flexíveis, S.A, identifique quais as suas fontes emissoras e quantifique as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, permitindo criar estratégias de redução das mesmas. A elaboração do inventário foi fundamentada nas directrizes do Greenhouse Gas Protocol, obedecendo aos princípios de relevância, integrabilidade, consistência, transparência e exactidão. A metodologia adoptada utiliza factores de emissão documentados para efectuar o cálculo das emissões de gases de efeito de estufa (GEE). Estes factores são rácios que relacionam as emissões de GEE com dados de actividade específicos para cada fonte de emissão. Como emissões directas (âmbito 1), foram quantificadas as emissões provenientes do uso de gás natural nas caldeiras, consumo de vapor e de água quente, e as emissões do veículo comercial da empresa. Como emissões indirectas de âmbito 2, incluem-se as resultantes da electricidade consumida. As emissões indirectas estimadas de âmbito 3 referem-se, no caso em estudo, ao transporte de resíduos, ao deslocamento de funcionários para a empresa e às viagens de negócio. Face ao tipo de emissões identificadas, criou-se uma ferramenta de cálculo que contém todos os valores de factores de emissão que podem ser utilizados em função das características específicas dos dados de actividade relativos às várias fontes emissoras da Empresa. Esta ferramenta permitirá, no futuro, aperfeiçoar o cálculo das emissões, a partir de uma melhor sistematização da informação disponível. Com este trabalho também foi possível identificar a necessidade de recolher e organizar alguma informação complementar à já existente. O ano base considerado foi 2011. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, neste ano, as actividades da Monteiro, Ribas- Embalagens Flexíveis, S.A serão responsáveis pela emissão de 2968,6 toneladas de CO2e (dióxido de carbono equivalente). De acordo com a Decisão 2007/589/CE da Comissão de 18 de Julho de 2007 conclui-se que a Monteiro, Ribas Embalagens e Flexíveis S.A. se enquadra na categoria de instalações com baixo níveis de emissões pois as suas emissões médias anuais são inferiores a 25000 toneladas de CO2e. Conclui-se que a percentagem maior das emissões estimadas (50,7 %) é proveniente do consumo de electricidade (emissões indirectas, âmbito 2), seguida pelo consumo de gás natural (emissões directas) que representa 39,4% das emissões. Relacionando os resultados obtidos com a produção total da Monteiro, Ribas- Embalagens Flexíveis, S.A, em 2011, obtém-se o valor de 0,65 kg de CO2e por cada quilograma de produto final. Algumas das fontes emissoras identificadas não foram incorporadas no inventário da empresa, nomeadamente o transporte das matérias-primas e dos produtos. Isto deve-se ao facto de não ter sido possível compilar a informação necessária, em tempo útil. Apesar de se tratar de emissões indirectas de âmbito 3, consideradas opcionais, recomenda-se que num próximo trabalho deste tipo, essas emissões possam vir a ser quantificadas. As principais incertezas associadas às estimativas de emissão dizem respeito aos dados de actividade uma vez que foi a primeira vez que a empresa realizou um inventário de gases de efeito de estufa. Há informações mais específicas sobre os dados de actividade que a empresa dispõe e que poderá, de futuro, sistematizar de uma forma mais adequada para a sua utilização com este fim.

Application of wetland systems in the treatment of acid rock mine drainage

The presented work was conducted within the Dissertation / Internship, branch of Environmental Protection Technology, associated to the Master thesis in Chemical Engineering by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto and it was developed in the Aquatest a.s, headquartered in Prague, in Czech Republic. The ore mining exploitation in the Czech Republic began in the thirteenth century, and has been extended until the twentieth century, being now evident the consequences of the intensive extraction which includes contamination of soil and sub-soil by high concentrations of heavy metals. The mountain region of Zlaté Hory was chosen for the implementation of the remediation project, which consisted in the construction of three cells (tanks), the first to raise the pH, the second for the sedimentation of the formed precipitates and a third to increase the process efficiency in order to reduce high concentrations of metals, with special emphasis on iron, manganese and sulfates. This project was initiated in 2005, being pioneer in this country and is still ongoing due to the complex chemical and biological phenomenon’s inherent to the system. At the site where the project was implemented, there is a natural lagoon, thereby enabling a comparative study of the two systems (natural and artificial) regarding the efficiency of both in the reduction/ removal of the referred pollutants. The study aimed to assist and cooperate in the ongoing investigation at the company Aquatest, in terms of field work conducted in Zlaté Hory and in terms of research methodologies used in it. Thereby, it was carried out a survey and analysis of available data from 2005 to 2008, being complemented by the treatment of new data from 2009 to 2010. Moreover, a theoretical study of the chemical and biological processes that occurs in both systems was performed. Regarding the field work, an active participation in the collection and in situ sample analyzing of water and soil from the natural pond has been attained, with the supervision of Engineer, Irena Šupiková. Laboratory analysis of water and soil were carried out by laboratory technicians. It was found that the natural lagoon is more efficient in reducing iron and manganese, being obtained removal percentages of 100%. The artificial lagoon had a removal percentage of 90% and 33% for iron and manganese respectively. Despite the minor efficiency of the constructed wetland, it must be pointed out that this system was designed for the treatment and consequent reduction of iron. In this context, it can conclude that the main goal has been achieved. In the case of sulphates, the removal optimization is yet a goal to be achieved not only in the Czech Republic but also in other places where this type of contamination persists. In fact, in the natural lagoon and in the constructed wetland, removal efficiencies of 45% and 7% were obtained respectively. It has been speculated that the water at the entrance of both systems has different sources. The analysis of the collected data shows at the entrance of the natural pond, a concentration of 4.6 mg/L of total iron, 14.6 mg/L of manganese and 951 mg/L of sulphates. In the artificial pond, the concentrations are 27.7 mg/L, 8.1 mg/L and 382 mg/L respectively for iron, manganese and sulphates. During 2010 the investigation has been expanded. The study of soil samples has started in order to observe and evaluate the contribution of bacteria in the removal of heavy metals being in its early phase. Summarizing, this technology has revealed to be an interesting solution, since in addition to substantially reduce the mentioned contaminants, mostly iron, it combines the low cost of implementation with an reduced maintenance, and it can also be installed in recreation parks, providing habitats for plants and birds.

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética na indústria nacional arrozeira

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia mecânica

Projecto, montagem e teste de uma unidade modular de detecção de radiação Geiger-Muller

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Automação e Electrónica Industrial

Estudo da valorização de um resíduo de ácidos gordos livres

Com o desenvolvimento económico a gestão de recursos é um desafio que a sociedade moderna enfrenta. Um desenvolvimento sustentável, que procure satisfazer as necessidades da geração actual e futuras, é fundamental. É pois necessário encontrar novas fontes de energia e reduzir/valorizar resíduos. O objectivo deste trabalho prende-se com a valorização de um resíduo de ácidos gordos livres como fonte alternativa de energia. Estes ácidos gordos são obtidos na purificação primária da glicerina proveniente da produção de biodiesel por via alcalina, cedida pela empresa SOCIPOLE SA. Inicialmente separaram-se os ácidos gordos livres e ésteres presentes na glicerina, e caracterizou-se o produto obtido. Efectuaram-se dois ensaios, obtendo-se 42,9% e 53,8% em massa de ácidos gordos livres e 41,7% e 34,0% de ésteres no 1º e 2º ensaio respectivamente. Além dos ésteres e ácidos gordos livres, no 1º produto existem 15,4% de matéria não esterificável e no 2º 12,2%. Na primeira parte do trabalho, estudou-se a possibilidade de utilização directa deste produto como combustível. Determinou-se o PCI, obtendo-se 29,8 e 29,4 MJ/kg para o 1º e 2º ensaio respectivamente. Estes valores são superiores aos que se encontram no despacho 17313/2008 de 26 de Junho de 2008, para biogasolina e biodiesel (27,2 MJ/kg), significando que os ácidos gordos livres separados têm forte potencial para serem usados como combustível. Efectuou-se também um estudo de corrosão de aço do corpo e tubos de uma caldeira através de ensaios de polarização, usando um Potenciostato/Galvanostato, e por variação da massa de amostras mergulhadas nos ácidos gordos livres a 105ºC e à temperatura ambiente. Nas condições estudadas, os ácidos gordos não promoveram corrosão nas amostras. Por fim, fez-se a combustão de uma amostra dos ácidos gordos livres num bico de Meeker e verificou-se a formação de depósitos equivalentes a 1,93% da massa inicial. Na segunda parte estudou-se a possibilidade de produzir biodiesel por esterificação, dos ácidos gordos livres. Fez-se um estudo prévio para verificar qual a melhor razão molar de amostra/metanol a utilizar, optando-se por 1:6. Após cinco etapas de esterificação, obteve-se um produto final com 85,6% de ésteres. Não foram então atingidos os 96,5% exigidos pela norma europeia EN 14214, devido à presença de matéria não esterificável na matéria-prima, que não foi possível separar totalmente do produto durante o processo (esterificação, lavagem e secagem). Pela análise de todos os parâmetros, o produto obtido não pode ser considerado biodiesel, não sendo possível ser comercializado como tal. A análise dos resultados aponta para a opção da valorização do resíduo de ácidos gordos na queima directa em geradores e caldeiras que deverá no entanto, ser precedida de um estudo mais detalhado que inclua a análise da constituição da matéria não esterificável, para garantir uma combustão segura.

Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in children from 0 to 14 years hospitalized at the Pediatric Hospital David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola

The Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymatic defect in the world. The most common clinical manifestations are acute hemolytic anemia associated with drugs, infections, neonatal jaundice and hemolytic non-spherocytic chronic anemia. The main aim of this study was to determine the frequency of major genetic variants of G6PD leading to enzyme deficiency in children from 0 to 14 years at a Pediatric Hospital in Luanda, Angola. A cross-sectional and descriptive analytical study covered a total of 194 children aged from 0 to 14 years, of both genders and hospitalized at the Pediatric Hospital David Bernardino, Luanda between November and December, 2011. The G202A, A376G and C563T mutations of the G6PD gene were determined by real-time PCR with Taqman probes. The disabled A-/A- genotype was detected in 10 girls (10.9%). Among the boys, 21 (20.6%) presented the genotype A-. Considering all the samples, the A- variant was observed in 22.4% of cases. The Mediterranean mutation was not detected in the Angolan sample. Furthermore, no association was found between genotype and anemia, nutritional state and mucosa color. A significant association, however, was observed with jaundice. Based on the results obtained, there is a clear need to identify those with the disabled genotype in the Angolan population in order to avoid cases of drug-induced anemia, particularly in the treatment of malaria, so prevalent in Angola.

Molecular screening of 246 Portuguese Aspergillus isolates among different clinical and environmental sources

Clinical and environmental samples from Portugal were screened for the presence of Aspergillus and the distributions of the species complexes were determined in order to understand how their distributions differ based on their source. Fifty-seven Aspergillus isolates from clinical samples were collected from 10 health institutions. Six species complexes were detected by internal transcribed spacer sequencing; Fumigati, Flavi, and Nigri were found most frequently (50.9%, 21.0%, and 15.8%, respectively). β-tubulin and calmodulin sequencing resulted in seven cryptic species (A. awamorii, A. brasiliensis, A. fructus, A. lentulus, A. sydowii, A. tubingensis, Emericella echinulata) being identified among the 57 isolates. Thirty-nine isolates of Aspergillus were recovered from beach sand and poultry farms, 31 from swine farms, and 80 from hospital environments, for a total 189 isolates. Eleven species complexes were found in these 189 isolates, and those belonging to the Versicolores species complex were found most frequently (23.8%). There was a significant association between the different environmental sources and distribution of the species complexes; the hospital environment had greater variability of species complexes than other environmental locations. A high prevalence of cryptic species within the Circumdati complex was detected in several environments; from the isolates analyzed, at least four cryptic species were identified, most of them growing at 37ºC. Because Aspergillus species complexes have different susceptibilities to antifungals, knowing the species-complex epidemiology for each setting, as well as the identification of cryptic species among the collected clinical isolates, is important. This may allow preventive and corrective measures to be taken, which may result in decreased exposure to those organisms and a better prognosis.

Does Independent Component Analysis Play a Role in Unmixing Hyperspectral Data?

Chapter in Book Proceedings with Peer Review First Iberian Conference, IbPRIA 2003, Puerto de Andratx, Mallorca, Spain, JUne 4-6, 2003. Proceedings

Strabismus, visual acuity, and uncorrected refractive error in Portuguese children aged 6 to 11 years

Introduction: Visual anomalies that affect school-age children represent an important public health problem. Data on the prevalence are lacking in Portugal but is needed for planning vision services. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of strabismus, decreased visual acuity, and uncorrected refractive error in Portuguese children aged 6 to 11 years. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 672 school-age children (7.69 ± 1.19 years). Children received an orthoptic assessment (visual acuity, ocular alignment, and ocular movements) and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Results: After orthoptic assessment, 13.8% of children were considered abnormal (n = 93). Manifest strabismus was found in 4% of the children. Rates of esotropia (2.1%) were slightly higher than exotropia (1.8%). Strabismus rates were not statistically significant different per sex (p = 0.681) and grade (p = 0.228). Decreased visual acuity at distance was present in 11.3% of children. Visual acuity ≤20/66 (0.5 logMAR) was found in 1.3% of the children. We also found that 10.3% of children had an uncorrected refractive error. Conclusions: Strabismus affects a small proportion of the Portuguese school-age children. Decreased visual acuity and uncorrected refractive error affected a significant proportion of school-age children. New policies need to be developed to address this public health problem.

Preservation of catechin antioxidant properties loaded in carbohydrate nanoparticles

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant with several pharmacological and biological activities, was encapsulated in carbohydrate particles to preserve its antioxidant properties and improve its bioavailability. Gum arabic–maltodextrin particles loaded with EGCG (EGCG/P) were successfully produced by homogenization and spray-drying, with an EGCG loading efficiency of 96 ± 3%. Spray-dried particles are spherical or corrugated and polydisperse with diameters less than 20 m. The particles in aqueous suspension revealed two main populations, with mean average diameters of 40 nm and 400 nm. Attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) confirmed that EGCG was incorporated in the carbohydrate matrix by intermolecular interactions, maintaining its chemical integrity. Atomic force microscopy imaging proved the particle spherical shape and size. The present study demonstrates that the carbohydrate matrix is able to preserve EGCG antioxidant properties, as proof of concept to be used as polymeric drug carrier.

Overexpression of tumour-associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn in advanced bladder tumours

Little is known on the expression of the tumour-associated carbohydrate antigen sialyl-Tn (STn), in bladder cancer. We report here that 75% of the high-grade bladder tumours, presenting elevated proliferation rates and high risk of recurrence/progression expressed STn. However, it was mainly found in non-proliferative areas of the tumour, namely in cells invading the basal and muscle layers. STn was also found in tumour-adjacent mucosa, which suggests its dependence on a field effect of the tumour. Furthermore, it was not expressed by the normal urothelium, demonstrating the cancer-specific nature of this antigen. STn expression correlated with that of sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc.I, its major biosynthetic enzyme. The stable expression of ST6GalNAc.I in the bladder cancer cell line MCR induced STn expression and a concomitant increase of cell motility and invasive capability. Altogether, these results indicate for the first time a link between STn expression and malignancy in bladder cancer. Hence, therapies targeting STn may constitute new treatment approaches for these tumours.

Dosimetria e análise de incertezas em braquiterapia ginecológica

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às tecnologias da Saúde

Water quality in lakes and reservoirs in China

Dissertation elaborated for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master Degree in Civil Engineering in the Speciality Area of Hydarulics

Jornalismo cultural: as fontes e os géneros jornalísticos: o caso do Público

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.