Variability of the interplanetary medium at 1 A.U. over 24 years: 1963–1986

A survey is presented of hourly averages of observations of the interplanetary medium, made by satellites close to the Earth (i.e. at l a.u.) in the years 1963-1986. This survey therefore covers two complete solar cycles (numbers 20 and 21). The distributions and solar-cycle variations of IMF field strength, B, and its northward component (in GSM coordinates), B(z), and of the solar-wind density, n, speed, v, and dynamic pressure, P, are discussed. Because of their importance to the terrestrial magnetosphere/ionosphere, particular attention is given to B(z) and P. The solar-cycle variation in the magnitude and variability of B(z) previously reported for cycle 20, is also found for cycle 21. However, the solar-wind data show a number of differences between cycles 20 and 21. The average dynamic pressure is found to show a solar-cycle variation and a systematic increase over the period of the survey. The minimum of dynamic pressure at sunspot maximum is mainly due to reduced solar-wind densities in cycle 20, but lower solar-wind speed in cycle 21 is a more significant factor. The distribution of the duration of periods of stable polarity of the IMF B(z) component shows that the magnetosphere could achieve steady state for only a small fraction of the time and there is some evidence for a solar-cycle variation in this fraction. It is also found that the polarity changes in the IMF B(z) fall into two classes: one with an associated change in solar-wind dynamic pressure, the other without such a change. However, in only 20% of cases does the dynamic pressure change exceed 50%.

Life before ‘The New Biography’: Modernist biographical methods in the Hogarth Press ‘Books on Tolstoi’ 1920-24

In the early 1920s, before Virginia Woolf wrote her now well-known essays “The New Biography” and “The Art of Biography,” the Hogarth Press published four biographies of Tolstoy. Each of these English translations of Russian works takes a different approach to biographical composition, and as a group they offer multiple and contradictory perspectives on Tolstoy’s character and on the genre of biography in the early twentieth century. These works show that Leonard and Virginia Woolf’s Hogarth Press took a multi-perspectival, modernist approach to publishing literary lives.

Effect of seasonal variation on some physical properties and heat stability of milk subjected to ultra-high temperature and in-container sterilisation

Heat stability was evaluated in bulk raw milk, collected throughout the year and subjected to ultra-high temperature (UHT) or in-container sterilisation, with and without added calcium chloride (2 mM), disodium hydrogen phosphate (DSHP, 10 mM) and trisodium citrate (TSC, 10 mM). More sediment was observed following in-container sterilisation (0.24%) compared with UHT (0.19%). Adding CaCl2 made the milk more unstable to UHT than to in-container sterilisation, while adding DSHP and TSC made the milk more unstable during in-container sterilisation than to UHT processing, although TSC addition increased the sediment formed by UHT processing. Better heat stability was observed in autumn and winter than in spring and summer following UHT. However, following in-container sterilisation, samples with added stabilising salts showed significantly improved heat stability in autumn, whereas with added CaCl2, the best heat stability was observed in spring. No correlation was found between urea and heat stability. DSHP and TSC made the milk more unstable during in-container sterilisation than to UHT processing, although TSC addition increased the sediment formed by UHT processing. Better heat stability was observed in autumn and winter than in spring and summer following UHT. However, following in-container sterilisation, samples with added stabilising salts showed significantly improved heat stability in autumn, whereas with added CaCl2, the best heat stability was observed in spring. No correlation was found between urea and heat stability.

Evaluation of the Plant–Craig stochastic convection scheme (v2.0) in the ensemble forecasting system MOGREPS-R (24 km) based on the Unified Model (v7.3)

The Plant–Craig stochastic convection parameterization (version 2.0) is implemented in the Met Office Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS-R) and is assessed in comparison with the standard convection scheme with a simple stochastic scheme only, from random parameter variation. A set of 34 ensemble forecasts, each with 24 members, is considered, over the month of July 2009. Deterministic and probabilistic measures of the precipitation forecasts are assessed. The Plant–Craig parameterization is found to improve probabilistic forecast measures, particularly the results for lower precipitation thresholds. The impact on deterministic forecasts at the grid scale is neutral, although the Plant–Craig scheme does deliver improvements when forecasts are made over larger areas. The improvements found are greater in conditions of relatively weak synoptic forcing, for which convective precipitation is likely to be less predictable.

Dietary practices and nutritional status of 0-24-month-old children from Brazilian Amazonia

Objective: To assess the nutritional status and dietary practices of 0-24-month-old children living in Brazilian Amazonia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Information oil children`s dietary intakes was obtained from diet history data. Weight and length Were measured for anthropometric evaluation. Fe status Was assessed Using fasting venous blood samples; Hb, serum ferritin and soluble tranferrin receptor concentrations were measured. Setting: The towns of Assis Brasil and Acrelandia in the state of Acre, north-west Brazil. Subjects: A total of sixty-nine randomly selected 0-24-month-old children. Results: Of these children, 40.3 % were anaemic, 63.1% were Fe-deficient, 28.1% had Fe-deficiency anaemia and 11.6% were stunted. Breast-feeding was initiated by 97.1% of mother followed by early feeding with complementary foods. The dietary pattern reflected a high intake of carbohydrate-rich foods and cow`s milk, with irregular intakes Of fruit, Vegetables and meat. All infants and 92.3% of toddlers were at risk Of inadequate Fe intakes. Fe from animal foods contributed Oil average 0.5% and 14.3% to total dietary Fe intake among infants and toddlers, respectively. Conclusions: Poor nutritional status and inadequate feeding practices in this study population reinforce the importance of exclusive breast-feeding during the first 6 months of life. Greater emphasis is required to improve the bioavailability of dietary Fe during complementary feeding practices.

The electronic and optical properties of sodalite (Na(8)Al(6)Si(6)O(24)Cl(2)) from first principles

This study reports the results of ab initio electronic and optical calculations for pure socialite crystal using the linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) method within density functional theory (DFT). The calculated electronic structure revealed predominantly orbital characters of the valence band and the conduction band, and enabled us to determine the type and the value of the fundamental gap of the compound. The imaginary part of the dielectric tensor, extinction coefficient and refraction index were calculated as functions of the incident radiation wavelength. It is shown that the O 2p states and Na 3s states play the major role in optical transitions as initial and final states, respectively. The absorption spectrum is localized in the ultraviolet range between 40 and 250 nm. Furthermore, we concluded that the material does not absorb radiation in the visible range. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

24-timmars myndigheten, säkerhet, design och definition

Via Internet kan vi sköta många av våra dagliga rutiner. Vi kan handla, betala räkningar, beställa biljetter till diverse evenemang, resor med mera. Även den offentliga sektorn erbjuder alltfler av sina tjänster elektroniskt. Det största hindret för utvecklingen av elektroniska tjänster är den höga säkerhet som måste ställas på exempelvis identifiering och signering. För denna säkerhet kan med fördel PKI, Public Key Infrastructure, användas. Det är en säkerhetsmetod som innebär att man använder privata och publika nycklar. PKI-tekniken skyddar bra mot avlyssning eftersom identifieringen bygger på att ett slumptal krypteras, och att resultatet därför ser olika ut från gång till gång.Socialtjänsten på Borlänge Kommun har påbörjat utvecklingen av en elektronisk tjänst som kommer att innebära att personer som beviljats ekonomiskt bistånd, ska kunna förnya sin ansökan via Internet. Personen i fråga ska även kunna se de uppgifter som Socialtjänsten har ifrån övriga inblandade myndigheter, samt vika utbetalningar som Socialtjänsten gjort och ska göra till personen. I och med detta exjobb kan Borlänge Kommun visa upp en prototyp som fungerar i stort sett som de vill att den skarpa tjänsten ska göraSverige är en av pionjärerna i världen att öppna förvaltningen på Internet, och Borlänge kommun har som en av de första kommunerna i Sverige startat utvecklingen av en tjänst i enlighet med "24-timmars myndigheten".

Perspective: LaGuardia Community College Newsletter (24 January 1977)

A newsletter published periodically to keep the faculty, students, staff, and community informed about the activities taking place on the campus of LaGuardia Community College. Information for PERSPECTIVE should be sent to Bob McVeigh In Room 341, Main Bldg., ext. 248, 249.

Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas de corte acasaladas aos 18 ou 24 meses de idade

O objetivo foi avaliar a antecipação da idade ao primeiro acasalamento de novilhas de corte dos 24 para os 18 meses de idade, nas condições de campo nativo. O trabalho consistiu de dois experimentos. No experimento 1, formou-se dois grupos experimentais: novilhas acasaladas no outono aos 18 meses de idade (18M-1) e outro na primavera aos 24 meses (24M-1). No experimento 2, foram acasalados quatro grupos experimentais: dois grupos no outono aos 18 meses de idade, separados em “leves” e “pesadas” (18ML-2 e 18MP-2), e os outros dois grupos na primavera, utilizando a mesma separação (24ML-2 e 24MP-2). As temporadas de acasalamento para ambos os experimentos foram: 18M: 05/04 – 17/05 (outono) e 24M: 04/11 – 16/12 (primavera). Foram analisados os efeitos do peso, condição corporal no início do acasalamento e ganho diário médio, sobre a taxa de prenhez, ajustados para a categoria de peso e idade da novilha. No experimento 1, os animais que conceberam no primeiro acasalamento, dos três grupos, foram novamente acasalados aos 36 meses. As variáveis mensuradas foram: taxa de repetição de prenhez, produtividade e eficiência. As taxas de prenhez no experimento 1 foram as seguintes: 18M-1: 52,2% e 24M-1: 86,4%, havendo diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os dois grupos No experimento 2, as taxas de prenhez foram de: 18ML-2: 26,%; 18MP-2: 73,3%; 24ML-2: 72,4% e 24MP-2: 83,3%. Neste experimento houve efeito de interação entre idade e faixa de peso, sugerindo a maior importância do peso no início do acasalamento em idades mais precoces. As taxas de repetição de prenhez no experimento 1 foram: 18M-1: 100% e 24M-1: 84%, havendo diferença entre as idades ao primeiro acasalamento (P<0,05). A produtividade no primeiro acasalamento foi de 76,2 kg e 135,2 kg para os 18 e 24 meses (P<0,05), respectivamente. A eficiência também foi maior para o grupo acasalado aos 24 meses (P<0,05), sendo de 26,6 kg e 38,6 kg para o 18M- 1 e 24M-1, respectivamente. A antecipação da idade ao primeiro acasalamento dos 24 para os 18 meses de idade é viável biologicamente, porém necessita maiores pesos no início do acasalamento.

Gestão transdisciplinar das ações de transformação: um olhar sobre a implantação das UPAS 24 horas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

This research emerged from the contemporary need of a public management focused on results, in which the State must reach the effectiveness of public policies implemented, put these into practice through transformation actions. However, these actions should not be seen in isolation, cause, when implemented in a certain environment, interact with actions of various actors, generating social dynamics that will be fundamentals to achieving the expected results. The transdisciplinarity approach may enable an object be seen in its essence, considering all environmental aspects around it as well as various social dynamics that might emerge, in order to facilitate the State reach the effectiveness of their actions, providing the transformation wanted to society. For this reason, are presented in this study the basis of a management model with focus on transdisciplinarity, considering the various challenges, searched the literature on the management of public policies. To verify the adequacy of the basis of the proposed model, was done a case study of the government project called "Implantação das UPAS 24 horas" in Rio de Janeiro. In applying the basis of the model in that project, we find that the transdisciplinarity management can maximize the effectiveness of State intervention.

Viabilidade do uso de benzoato de estradiol 24 horas após a sincronização de cios de novilhas de 14 e 24 meses com pessários contendo acetato de medroxi-progesterona.

O objetivo deste ensaio foi de verificar a viabilidade do uso do benzoato de estradiol (ODB) em novilhas de corte de 14 meses e 24 meses, 24 horas após a suplementação com progestágeno, considerando manifestação de cio e fertilidade. No total foram sincronizadas e inseminadas 375 novilhas de corte, predominantemente da raça Angus, de duas propriedades (122 na A, e 253 na B), no município de Cachoeira do Sul, RS. Na propriedade B, foram sincronizadas 195 novilhas de 24 meses e 58 de 14 meses. As variáveis medidas foram manifestação de estro, percentual de 2º serviço e prenhez ao diagnóstico de gestação efetuado 40 dias após o encerramento do período de acasalamento de primavera-verão com duração de 85 dias. As novilhas foram tratadas com esponjas vaginais impregnadas com 250 mg de acetato de medroxi-progesterona durante sete dias, na colocação dos pessários receberam 5,0 mg i.m. de benzoato de estradiol. Na retirada das esponjas as novilhas foram distribuidas em três tratamentos (O ODB; 0,5 ODB, que receberam 0,5 mg de benzoato de estradiol i.m. 24 h após; 1,0 ODB, que receberam 1,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol i.m.) considerando o peso e a condição corporal (CC). O sistema para classificação da CC foi de 1 ( caquética) a 5 ( gorda). No grupo de novilhas de 24 meses, (317 animais ), foram considerados os fatores tratamento, propriedade e CC.A manifestação de cio foi afetada significativamente pelo tratamento, sendo respectivamente de 83%, 96% para O ODB, 0,5 ODB e 1,0 ODB. O percentual de 2º serviço de IA foi afetado pelo tratamento e propriedade. Quanto a tratamento as taxas de retorno foram respectivamente de 15% e 42% para O ODB, 0,5 ODB e 1,0 ODB, sendo de 24% na propriedade A e de 35% na B. Os tratamentos utilizados não mostraram diferença quanto a prenhez. No entanto, o percentual de novilhas gestantes foi distinto entre propriedades ( A 56% e B 83%) e entre CC (cc2 49% e CC 3,4 e 5 em média de 76%). Na propriedade B foi possível investigar os fatores tratamento, idade e CC. No que diz respeito a manifestação de cio, foi significativa a interação entre tratamento e idade, onde as novilhas de 14 meses apresentaram incidência menor de cios quando não receberam ODB 24 horas depois. A semelhança do que foi constatado para as novilhas de 24 meses, a taxa de retorno foi superior nas tratadas com ODB ( O ODB 20%, 0,5 ODB 35% E 1,0 ODB 49%). Na taxa de prenhez apenas o fator idade foi importante, tendo ficado gestantes 80% das novilhas de 14 meses e 91% das de 24 meses. Os resultados são indicativos que o uso de ODB 24 h após a retirada dos pessários embora aumente a taxa de inseminação coexiste com menor índice de prenhez ao primeiro serviço, não sendo, portanto, um procedimento útil para a indução/sincronização do estro em novilhas de 14 e 24 meses.