A farmacogenómica no tratamento da depressão major com inibidores selectivos da recaptação da 5-hidroxitriptamina

Dissertação de mest., Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Univ. do Algarve, 2011

Farmacogenómica do eixo renina angiotensina: relevância na suscetibilidade e terapêutica da hipertensão arterial

As doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) apresentam-se como uma das principais causas de morte e incapacidade na maioria dos países desenvolvidos. A hipertensão arterial (HTA) é um fator de risco que contribui grandemente para o desenvolvimento destas doenças, tendo estado associado, em 2004, a aproximadamente 51% das mortes por doença cerebrovascular, 45% das mortes por doença coronária e 7.5 milhões de mortes prematuras no mundo. Em Portugal, a prevalência de HTA ultrapassa os 40% na população adulta. A terapêutica farmacológica, como os inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina (IECAs) e os antagonistas dos recetores da angiotensina II (ARAs), apesar de serem utilizados como fármacos de 1ª linha e de serem determinantes na evolução positiva das DCV, continuam longe dos efeitos desejados de controlo e tratamento. A variada etiologia da HTA contribui para o difícil tratamento. A farmacogenómica tem vindo a tornar-se uma ferramenta extremamente útil na deteção de grupos populacionais em risco e com fraca resposta ao tratamento, pelo que a sua prática no meio clínico deve ser privilegiada. Deste modo, este estudo incidirá sobre os polimorfismos em genes que integram o eixo renina angiotensina (ERA) – farmacodinâmica (PD) - e também sobre as alterações nos genes que podem estar envolvidos na metabolização e transporte dos fármacos anti-hipertensivos – farmacocinética (PK). Exemplos de algumas destas alterações genéticas foram já descritas na literatura. Um polimorfismo do tipo inserção/deleção (I/D) no gene que codifica a enzima de conversão da angiotensina (ECA), leva ao aumento dos níveis plasmáticos desta e da pressão arterial (PA), originando resistência ao tratamento com IECAs; o polimorfismo 1166A>C no recetor do tipo 1 da angiotensina II (R1AII) leva ao aumento da sua expressão, e por conseguinte, a uma resposta mais efetiva aos ARAs; e a alteração -5312C>T no gene que codifica para a renina (REN) conduz ao aumento da expressão desta, podendo o paciente deixar de responder a concentrações padrão de antagonistas da REN. Em termos de PK, polimorfismos nos enzimas metabolizadores dos ARAs como é o caso do CYP 2C9*2 e CYP 2C9*3 levam ao fenótipo de metabolizador lento (PM) e, por conseguinte a possíveis efeitos tóxicos e inesperados. Também a variante do transportador de influxo OATP1B1*1B tem sido descrita como um fator de variabilidade na PK do valsartan e temocapril. Assim, com o desenvolvimento desta monografia, pretende-se estudar como os diferentes polimorfismos existentes nestes genes podem influenciar na suscetibilidade à HTA e na sua terapêutica.

Nineteen Cosmological Leaps

An archive of 19 electronic files, visualised as colourful air grid lattice structures.

The immediate effects of atlanto-occipital joint manipulation and suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on active mouth opening and pressure pain sensitivity over latent myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles

DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.OB JECTIVE: To investigate the immediate effects on pressure pain thresholds over latent trigger points (TrPs) in the masseter and temporalis muscles and active mouth opening following atlanto-occipital joint thrust manipulation or a soft tissue manual intervention targeted to the suboccipital muscles. BACKGROUND : Previous studies have described hypoalgesic effects of neck manipulative interventions over TrPs in the cervical musculature. There is a lack of studies analyzing these mechanisms over TrPs of muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two volunteers, 31 men and 91 women, between the ages of 18 and 30 years, with latent TrPs in the masseter muscle, were randomly divided into 3 groups: a manipulative group who received an atlanto-occipital joint thrust, a soft tissue group who received an inhibition technique over the suboccipital muscles, and a control group who did not receive an intervention. Pressure pain thresholds over latent TrPs in the masseter and temporalis muscles, and active mouth opening were assessed pretreatment and 2 minutes posttreatment by a blinded assessor. Mixed-model analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the effects of interventions on each outcome, with group as the between-subjects variable and time as the within-subjects variable. The primary analysis was the group-by-time interaction. RESULTS: The 2-by-3 mixed-model ANOVA revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for changes in pressure pain thresholds over masseter (P<.01) and temporalis (P =.003) muscle latent TrPs and also for active mouth opening (P<.001) in favor of the manipulative and soft tissue groups. Between-group effect sizes were small. CONCLUSIONS: The application of an atlanto-occipital thrust manipulation or soft tissue technique targeted to the suboccipital muscles led to an immediate increase in pressure pain thresholds over latent TrPs in the masseter and temporalis muscles and an increase in maximum active mouth opening. Nevertheless, the effects of both interventions were small and future studies are required to elucidate the clinical relevance of these changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE : Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(5):310-317. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3257. KEYWORDSDS: cervical manipulation, muscle trigger points, neck, TMJ, upper cervical.

Clinical Outcomes and Genetic Expression Profile in Human Liver Graft Dysfunction During Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Introduction. This study aims to compare the molecular gene expression during ischemia reperfusion injury. Several surgical times were considered: in the beginning of the harvesting (T0), at the end of the cold ischemia period (T1), and after reperfusion (T2) and compared with graft dysfunction after liver transplant (OLT). Methods. We studied 54 patients undergoing OLT. Clinical, laboratory data, and histologic data (Suzuki classification) as well as the Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT) score were used and compared with the molecular gene expression of the following genes: Interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, perforin, E-selectin (SELE), Fas-ligand, granzyme B, heme oxygenase-1, and nitric oxide synthetase. Results. Fifteen patients presented with graft dysfunction according to SOFT criteria. No relevant data were obtained by comparing the variables graft dysfunction and histologic variables. We observed a statistically significant relation between SELE at T0 (P ¼ .013) and IL-1b at T0 (P ¼ .028) and early graft dysfunction. Conclusions. We conclude that several genetically determined proinflammatory expressions may play a critical role in the development of graft dysfunction after OLT.

Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme and N-acetyltransferase 2 genes on the metabolism of artemisinin-based combination therapies in malaria patients from Cambodia and Tanzania.

The pharmacogenetics of antimalarial agents are poorly known, although the application of pharmacogenetics might be critical in optimizing treatment. This population pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic study aimed at assessing the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytochrome P450 isoenzyme genes (CYP, namely, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) and the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin-based combination therapies in 150 Tanzanian patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine, 64 Cambodian patients treated with artesunate-mefloquine, and 61 Cambodian patients treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. The frequency of SNPs varied with the enzyme and the population. Higher frequencies of mutant alleles were found in Cambodians than Tanzanians for CYP2C9*3, CYP2D6*10 (100C → T), CYP3A5*3, NAT2*6, and NAT2*7. In contrast, higher frequencies of mutant alleles were found in Tanzanians for CYP2D6*17 (1023C → T and 2850C → T), CYP3A4*1B, NAT2*5, and NAT2*14. For 8 SNPs, no significant differences in frequencies were observed. In the genetic-based population pharmacokinetic analyses, none of the SNPs improved model fit. This suggests that pharmacogenetic data need not be included in appropriate first-line treatments with the current artemisinin derivatives and quinolines for uncomplicated malaria in specific populations. However, it cannot be ruled out that our results represent isolated findings, and therefore more studies in different populations, ideally with the same artemisinin-based combination therapies, are needed to evaluate the influence of pharmacogenetic factors on the clearance of antimalarials.

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update to the original Surviving Sepsis Campaign clinical management guidelines, "Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock," published in 2004. DESIGN: Modified Delphi method with a consensus conference of 55 international experts, several subsequent meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. This process was conducted independently of any industry funding. METHODS: We used the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence from high (A) to very low (D) and to determine the strength of recommendations. A strong recommendation (1) indicates that an intervention's desirable effects clearly outweigh its undesirable effects (risk, burden, cost) or clearly do not. Weak recommendations (2) indicate that the tradeoff between desirable and undesirable effects is less clear. The grade of strong or weak is considered of greater clinical importance than a difference in letter level of quality of evidence. In areas without complete agreement, a formal process of resolution was developed and applied. Recommendations are grouped into those directly targeting severe sepsis, recommendations targeting general care of the critically ill patient that are considered high priority in severe sepsis, and pediatric considerations. RESULTS: Key recommendations, listed by category, include early goal-directed resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 hrs after recognition (1C); blood cultures before antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm potential source of infection (1C); administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy within 1 hr of diagnosis of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1D); reassessment of antibiotic therapy with microbiology and clinical data to narrow coverage, when appropriate (1C); a usual 7-10 days of antibiotic therapy guided by clinical response (1D); source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method (1C); administration of either crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation (1B); fluid challenge to restore mean circulating filling pressure (1C); reduction in rate of fluid administration with rising filing pressures and no improvement in tissue perfusion (1D); vasopressor preference for norepinephrine or dopamine to maintain an initial target of mean arterial pressure > or = 65 mm Hg (1C); dobutamine inotropic therapy when cardiac output remains low despite fluid resuscitation and combined inotropic/vasopressor therapy (1C); stress-dose steroid therapy given only in septic shock after blood pressure is identified to be poorly responsive to fluid and vasopressor therapy (2C); recombinant activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis and clinical assessment of high risk for death (2B except 2C for postoperative patients). In the absence of tissue hypoperfusion, coronary artery disease, or acute hemorrhage, target a hemoglobin of 7-9 g/dL (1B); a low tidal volume (1B) and limitation of inspiratory plateau pressure strategy (1C) for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); application of at least a minimal amount of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute lung injury (1C); head of bed elevation in mechanically ventilated patients unless contraindicated (1B); avoiding routine use of pulmonary artery catheters in ALI/ARDS (1A); to decrease days of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay, a conservative fluid strategy for patients with established ALI/ARDS who are not in shock (1C); protocols for weaning and sedation/analgesia (1B); using either intermittent bolus sedation or continuous infusion sedation with daily interruptions or lightening (1B); avoidance of neuromuscular blockers, if at all possible (1B); institution of glycemic control (1B), targeting a blood glucose < 150 mg/dL after initial stabilization (2C); equivalency of continuous veno-veno hemofiltration or intermittent hemodialysis (2B); prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (1A); use of stress ulcer prophylaxis to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding using H2 blockers (1A) or proton pump inhibitors (1B); and consideration of limitation of support where appropriate (1D). Recommendations specific to pediatric severe sepsis include greater use of physical examination therapeutic end points (2C); dopamine as the first drug of choice for hypotension (2C); steroids only in children with suspected or proven adrenal insufficiency (2C); and a recommendation against the use of recombinant activated protein C in children (1B). CONCLUSIONS: There was strong agreement among a large cohort of international experts regarding many level 1 recommendations for the best current care of patients with severe sepsis. Evidenced-based recommendations regarding the acute management of sepsis and septic shock are the first step toward improved outcomes for this important group of critically ill patients.

Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels.

To identify previously unknown genetic loci associated with fasting glucose concentrations, we examined the leading association signals in ten genome-wide association scans involving a total of 36,610 individuals of European descent. Variants in the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) were consistently associated with fasting glucose across all ten studies. The strongest signal was observed at rs10830963, where each G allele (frequency 0.30 in HapMap CEU) was associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI = 0.06-0.08) mmol/l in fasting glucose levels (P = 3.2 x 10(-50)) and reduced beta-cell function as measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B, P = 1.1 x 10(-15)). The same allele was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.09 (1.05-1.12), per G allele P = 3.3 x 10(-7)) in a meta-analysis of 13 case-control studies totaling 18,236 cases and 64,453 controls. Our analyses also confirm previous associations of fasting glucose with variants at the G6PC2 (rs560887, P = 1.1 x 10(-57)) and GCK (rs4607517, P = 1.0 x 10(-25)) loci.

A novel mutation in the sulfate transporter gene SLC26A2 (DTDST) specific to the Finnish population causes de la Chapelle dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the sulfate transporter gene SLC26A2 (DTDST) cause a continuum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes that includes achondrogenesis type 1B (ACG1B), atelosteogenesis type 2 (AO2), diastrophic dysplasia (DTD), and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). In 1972, de la Chapelle et al reported two siblings with a lethal skeletal dysplasia, which was denoted "neonatal osseous dysplasia" and "de la Chapelle dysplasia" (DLCD). It was suggested that DLCD might be part of the SLC26A2 spectrum of phenotypes, both because of the Finnish origin of the original family and of radiographic similarities to ACG1B and AO2. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis whether SLC26A2 mutations are responsible for DLCD. METHODS: We studied the DNA from the original DLCD family and from seven Finnish DTD patients in whom we had identified only one copy of IVS1+2T>C, the common Finnish mutation. A novel SLC26A2 mutation was found in all subjects, inserted by site-directed mutagenesis in a vector harbouring the SLC26A2 cDNA, and expressed in sulfate transport deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to measure sulfate uptake activity. RESULTS: We identified a hitherto undescribed SLC26A2 mutation, T512K, homozygous in the affected subjects and heterozygous in both parents and in the unaffected sister. T512K was then identified as second pathogenic allele in the seven Finnish DTD subjects. Expression studies confirmed pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: DLCD is indeed allelic to the other SLC26A2 disorders. T512K is a second rare "Finnish" mutation that results in DLCD at homozygosity and in DTD when compounded with the milder, common Finnish mutation.

The preparation and reactions of some 1, 2-dipolar species /|nI. D. Brindle. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

This research was directed mainly towards the investigation of the reactions of allylic amineimides. The work can be divided into two main sections. Section 1 of the thesis deals mainly with thermolysis studies of amineimides. Sections 1a and 1b represent a comprehensive survey of amineimide literature up to 1971. N-A1ly1-N,N-dirnethylarnine-benzirnide was prepared and rearranged at 1400 to l-allyl-1-benzoyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine. A tentative mechanism involving an initial migration to the carbonyl oxygen was disproved by incorporating the amineimide system into a five-membered ring. N,N~Dimethyl-N-propargylamine-benzimidedid not rearrange on heating; but the hydrobromide, on heating, disproportionated to give 1-benzoyl~2,2,2-trimethylhydraziniumbromide and I-benzoyl-2,2~ dimethylhydrazine. l-Ally'l--l, I-dimethyl-2-benzoy-lhydrazinium bromide and 1~benzoy-1-2,2, 2-trimethy-lhydrazinium iodide both disproportionated to give l~benzoyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine. Section 1 concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms of ally'lic migrations in amineimides proposed by J. E. Baldwin. Section 2 deals with the formation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds from amineimides by bromination. 1,1-Dimethyl-2benzoyl- 4-bromopyrazolidinium bromide was formed from N-allyl-N,Ndime thy-lamtne-benzimide , 1,1-dimethyl-2-benzoyl-4-bromopyrazol-3enium bromide from N,N~dimethyl-N-propargylamine~benzimidevia the unusual acetylenic "bromonium" ion. Hydrogenolysis of both heterocyclic compounds gave the same product. The preparation was extended by forming 2,2-dimethyl-4-bromoisoxazolinium bromide from N-allylN, N-dimethylamine-N-oxide. Sections 3 and 4 cover a number of unsuccessful attempts to synthesise other amineimides and l,2-dipolar species.

Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions

The accuracy and speed with which emotional facial expressions are identified is influenced by body postures. Two influential models predict that these congruency effects will be largest when the emotion displayed in the face is similar to that displayed in the body: the emotional seed model and the dimensional model. These models differ in whether similarity is based on physical characteristics or underlying dimensions of valence and arousal. Using a 3- alternative forced-choice task in which stimuli were presented briefly (Exp 1a) or for an unlimited time (Exp 1b) we provide evidence that congruency effects are more complex than either model predicts; the effects are asymmetrical and cannot be accounted for by similarity alone. Fearful postures are especially influential when paired with facial expressions, but not when presented in a flanker task (Exp 2). We suggest refinements to each model that may account for our results and suggest that additional studies be conducted prior to drawing strong theoretical conclusions.

Pharmacogénétique du DHFR chez les enfants leucémiques

Le dihydrofolate réductase (DHFR) est la principale cible du méthotrexate, un important composant du traitement de la leucémie lymphoblastique aiguë (LLA). Une association des polymorphismes du promoteur de DHFR avec l’issue de la LLA a été mise en évidence au laboratoire. Une survie sans événement (EFS) réduite corrélait avec les allèles A -317 et C -1610, et l’haplotype *1, défini par ces allèles. L’haplotype *1 était aussi associé à une expression élevée du DHFR. Dans cette étude, nous étendons l’analyse à la région régulatrice adjacente, d’environ 400 pb, correspondant au transcrit mineur non-codant du DHFR, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la régulation de la transcription au niveau du promoteur majeur. Six polymorphismes ont été identifiés, parmi lesquels 5 étaient des SNPs et un polymorphisme de longueur composé d’un nombre variable d’éléments de 9 pb et d’une insertion/délétion de 9 pb. L’analyse d’haplotype, incluant tous les polymorphismes promoteurs, a révélé une diversification de l’haploytpe *1 en 5 sous-types (*1a à *1e). Les variations du promoteur majeur et les sous-types de l’haplotype *1 ont été par la suite analysés pour l’association avec l’issue de LLA. Un EFS réduit corrélait avec l’allèle A du polymorphisme G308A (p=0,02) et avec l’haplotype *1 (p=0,01). Des niveaux élevées d’ARNm étaient trouvés chez les porteurs de l’haplotype *1b (p=0,005) et pas pour les autres sous-types de l’haplotype *1. Alors, la mauvaise issue de LLA associée avec l'haplotype *1 est en effet déterminée par le sous-type *1b. Cette étude donne un nouvel aperçu des polymorphismes régulateurs du DHFR définissant plus précisément les variations du DHFR prédisposant un événement.

Évaluation échocardiographique des effets du pimobendane dans le traitement des maladies valvulaires dégénératives canines asymptomatiques

Contexte : Les maladies valvulaires dégénératives (MVD) représentent la pathologie cardiaque acquise la plus fréquente chez le chien. Malgré une recherche active, à l’heure actuelle aucun traitement étudié ne s’est avéré efficace dans le traitement du stade asymptomatique de la condition. Le pimobendane est un nouvel agent inodilatateur, qui s’est montré prometteur dans le traitement des stades avancés des MVD, mais peu est connu sur ses effets hémodynamiques et son impact sur le volume de régurgitation dans les MVD naturelles asymptomatiques. Hypothèses : L’introduction du pimobendane réduit la fraction de régurgitation (FR) chez les chiens atteints de MVD asymptomatiques. Sujets étudiés : Vingt-quatre chiens de compagnie, appartenant à la clientèle du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire (CHUV) de l’université de Montréal et affectés par une MVD de classe ISACHC 1b. Méthode: Étude prospective, contrôlée et conduite à l’aveugle. Les chiens ont été assignés à un groupe traitement (n=19) recevant du pimobendane (0,2-0,3 mg/Kg q12h) ou à un groupe contrôle (n=5). Les évaluations échocardiographiques ont été effectuées sur une période de 6 mois. Résultats : L’introduction du pimobendane n’a pas été associée à une diminution de la FR chez les chiens affectés par une MVD asymptomatique de classe ISACHC 1b au cours de l’étude (p=0,85). Une augmentation significative de la fraction d’éjection (80,8 +/- 1,42 vs. 69,0 +/- 2,76, p=0,0064) ainsi qu’une baisse du diamètre ventriculaire gauche télé systolique (p=0.011) ont été observées chez le groupe pimobendane au jour 30. Toutefois, cet effet sur la fonction systolique n’a pas persisté au cours des 6 mois d’évaluation.

Polymérisation du lactide par des catalyseurs β-diketiminate de zinc et de magnésium

Les images de molécules ont été dessinées avec le logiciel Chemdraw version 11.0

Remodelage électrique cardiaque dans des modèles murins de cardiomyopathies

Les cardiomyopathies sont une atteinte du myocarde qui se présente sous différentes formes telles que l’hypertrophie ou la dilatation des chambres cardiaques. Ces maladies du muscle cardiaque peuvent affecter la contraction cardiaque et dégénèrer en insuffisance cardiaque. Aussi, l’hypertrophie et l’insuffisance cardiaques sont associées à une augmentation de la morbidité et de la mortalité cardiovasculaires principalement due au remodelage électrique et à la survenue d’arythmies. De plus, le retard de repolarisation, associé à une diminution des courants K+, est un des troubles cardiaques les plus couramment observés lors de ces pathologies cardiaques. L’angiotensine II (Ang II) et la norépinéphrine, principaux effecteurs du système rénine-angiotensine et du système nerveux sympathique, peuvent tous deux agir directement sur le cœur en liant les récepteurs de type 1 de l’Ang II (AT1) et les récepteurs adrénergiques. L’Ang II et la norépinéphrine sont associées au développement des cardiomyopathies, au remodelage cardiaque et à une prolongation de la durée du potentiel d'action cardiaque. Deux modèles de souris trangéniques surexprimant spécifiquement au niveau cardiaque les récepteurs AT1 (la souris AT1R) ou les récepteurs α1B-adrénergiques (la souris α1B-AR) ont été créés afin d’étudier les effets de ces stimuli sur le cœur. Ces deux modèles de souris développent du remodelage cardiaque, soit de l’hypertrophie chez les souris AT1R (cardiomyopathie hypertrophique) ou une dilatation des chambres cardiaques chez les souris α1B-AR (cardiomyopathie dilatée). Au stade avancé de la maladie, les deux modèles de souris transgéniques sont insuffisants cardiaques. Des données préliminaires ont aussi montré que les souris AT1R et les souris α1B-AR ont une incidence accrue d’arythmies ainsi qu’une prolongation de la durée du potentiel d’action. De plus, ces deux modèles de souris meurent subitement et prématurément, ce qui laissait croire qu’en conditions pathologiques, l’activation des récepteurs AT1 ou des récepteurs α1B-adrénergiques pouvait affecter la repolarisation et causer l’apparition d’arythmies graves. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce projet était de caractériser la repolarisation ventriculaire des souris AT1R et α1B-AR afin de déterminer si la suractivation chronique des récepteurs de l’Ang II ou des récepteurs 1B-adrénergiques pouvait affecter directement les paramètres électrophysiologiques et induire des arythmies. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que les souris AT1R et les souris α1B-AR présentent un retard de repolarisation (prolongation de l’intervalle QTc (dans l’électrocardiogramme) et de la durée du potentiel d’action) causé par une diminution des courants K+ (responsables de la repolarisation). Aussi, l’incidence d’arythmies est plus importante dans les deux groupes de souris transgéniques comparativement à leur contrôle respectif. Finalement, nous avons vu que les troubles de repolarisation se produisent également dans les groupes de souris transgéniques plus jeunes, avant l’apparition de l’hypertrophie ou du remodelage cardiaque. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’en conditions pathologiques, l’activation chronique des récepteurs de l’Ang II ou des récepteurs α1B-adrénergiques peut favoriser le développement d’arythmies en retardant la repolarisation et cela, indépendamment de changements hémodynamiques ou du remodelage cardiaque. Les résultats de ces études pourront servir à comprendre les mécanismes responsables du développement d’arythmies cardiaques lors du remodelage et de l’insuffisance cardiaques et pourraient aider à optimiser le choix des traitements chez ces patients atteints ou à risque de développer de l’hypertrophie ou du remodelage cardiaque.