884 resultados para 1970s


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According to our conceptions, to study the so called Projeto Minerva (PMi) – an action of Brazilian Military Dictatorship, implemented in the 1970s, which intended to provide access to Primary and Secondary Schools for thousands of Brazilians throughout the country, using a cheap, and at that time a widely -spread medium, the radio – implies to study not only a unique education strategy, but a variety of circumstances that allows it to be created and developed throughout its 10 years of existence in various Brazilian locations. Each circumstance, each region, each way of doing of each person involved in its development constitutes a different Minerva – that’s why we choose the plural to treat it: the Minerva ProjectS. In this paper we present one of the many possible histories about such project. Synthetically, we present some historiographical aspects of its creation, development and extinction and, based on a study about one of its lessons (related to Analitic Geometry), we try to evidence differences between a spoken mathematics and a written mathematics. According to the the oretical framework used in this text, inspired by the Wittgenstein's language philosophy, the Project articulates various mathematics, what is different of saying that the project deals with the "usual" Mathematics merely changing the way of communicate it.

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From the concept of Environmental Education proposed by I.U.C.N. in the 1970’s and considering some of the main teaching methodologies adopted in activities regarding Environmental Education, this paper aims to analyze the methodology named Pedagogy of the Project and presenting some alterations of this method, especially in relation to considered study unity: the watershed. Some teaching techniques are also presented, as well as didactic resources and considerations regarding the questions that can be developed for the students within the teaching or evaluation process. This purpose is complementary to others already existents and can be applied in many environmental or socioeconomics situations.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The cane sugar is important since the early days in the history of the country, following the discovery of Brazil since the colonial period, therefore, the culture has an important role in the Brazilian economy, being one of the main products. In the 1970s with the advent of the economic crisis, geopolitical and the possibility of depletion of oil, countries dependent on imported fuel, sought new energy alternatives. In Brazil, it was decreed in 1975 the creation of the National Alcohol Program - PROALCOOL, who had several years of rising, the increase of distilleries and marketing of cars powered with ethanol blend. Due to the decrease in the price of oil the importance of the program significantly reduced, returning to peak only in 1979, ie, the second phase of the program. Conceived as one of the vectors of the national response to the crisis in oil prices '70s, the program persisted at times rising in others not reaching for more than three decades. Brazil is the second largest ethanol producer, second only to the U.S., where the raw material comes from corn, which becomes a bottleneck biodiesel production because it competes with food production. New technologies developed to increase ethanol production combined with sustainability and economic viability are being held, the principal is the second generation ethanol, known as cellulosic ethanol, ethanol plus third and fourth generation.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This paper presentes my production between 2009 and 2014 during the course of Bachelor of Visual Arts at the Art Institute of UNESP. I focus especially on my sculpture production and the development of this language to photography and video as a way to record my actions and performances. My approach to these experiments are with other artists of the 1960s and 1970s; especially the minimalist and post-minimalist movement

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The Grace Beacham Freeman Papers consists of records concerning her career as a poet in the 1970s and the early 1980s. During this time she worked as a poet therapist and as a poet in the Rock Hill area schools. Also included in the collection are personal papers and copies of many of Mrs. Freeman’s poems.

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Springer et al. (2003) contend that sequential declines occurred in North Pacific populations of harbor and fur seals, Steller sea lions, and sea otters. They hypothesize that these were due to increased predation by killer whales, when industrial whaling’s removal of large whales as a supposed primary food source precipitated a prey switch. Using a regional approach, we reexamined whale catch data, killer whale predation observations, and the current biomass and trends of potential prey, and found little support for the prey-switching hypothesis. Large whale biomass in the Bering Sea did not decline as much as suggested by Springer et al., and much of the reduction occurred 50–100 yr ago, well before the declines of pinnipeds and sea otters began; thus, the need to switch prey starting in the 1970s is doubtful. With the sole exception that the sea otter decline followed the decline of pinnipeds, the reported declines were not in fact sequential. Given this, it is unlikely that a sequential megafaunal collapse from whales to sea otters occurred. The spatial and temporal patterns of pinniped and sea otter population trends are more complex than Springer et al. suggest, and are often inconsistent with their hypothesis. Populations remained stable or increased in many areas, despite extensive historical whaling and high killer whale abundance. Furthermore, observed killer whale predation has largely involved pinnipeds and small cetaceans; there is little evidence that large whales were ever a major prey item in high latitudes. Small cetaceans (ignored by Springer et al.) were likely abundant throughout the period. Overall, we suggest that the Springer et al. hypothesis represents a misleading and simplistic view of events and trophic relationships within this complex marine ecosystem.

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This paper presentes my production between 2009 and 2014 during the course of Bachelor of Visual Arts at the Art Institute of UNESP. I focus especially on my sculpture production and the development of this language to photography and video as a way to record my actions and performances. My approach to these experiments are with other artists of the 1960s and 1970s; especially the minimalist and post-minimalist movement