Formação da habilidade de interpretar gráficos cartesianos em licenciandos em química segundo a teoria de P. Ya. Galperin

It has been remarkable among the Science Teaching debates the necessity that students do not learn only theories, laws and concepts, but also develop skills which allows them to act towards a critical citizenship. Therefore, some of the skills for the natural sciences learning must be taught consciously, intentionally and in a planned way, as component of a basic competence. Studies of the last twenty years have shown that students and teachers have plenty of difficulties about skills development and, among several, the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics, essential for the comprehension of Natural Science. In that sense, the development of that type of professional knowledge during the initial education of future Chemistry teachers has become strategic, not only because they need to know how to use it, but also because they need to know how to teach it. This research has as its general objective the organization, development and study of a process of formation of the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics as part of the teachers professional knowledge. It has been accomplished through a formative experience with six undergraduate students of the Teaching Degree Course of Chemistry of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte), in Brazil. In order to develop that skill, we have used as reference P. Ya. Galperin s Theory of the Stepwise Formation of Mental Actions and Concepts and its following qualitative indicators: action form, degree of generalization, degree of consciousness, degree of independence and degree of solidness. The research, in a qualitative approach, has prioritized as instruments of data collecting the registering of the activities of the undergraduate students, the observation, the questionnaire and the diagnosis tests. At the first moment, a teaching framework has been planned for the development of the skill of interpreting Cartesian graphics based on the presupposed conceptions and steps of Galperin s Theory. At the second moment, the referred framework has been applied and the process of the skill formation has been studied. The results have shown the possibility of develop the skill conscious about the invariant operation system, with a high degree of generalization and internalized the operational invariant in the mental plane. The students have attested the contributions at that type of formative experience. The research reveals the importance of going deeper about the teaching comprehension of the individualities tied to the process of internalization, according to Galperin s Theory, when the update of abilities as part of the teaching professional knowledge is the issue

Práticas etnomatemáticas no Liceu do Paracuri :a propósito dos ornamentos geométricos da cerâmica

The present study analyzes the ethnomatematics practices presents in the creation of the geometric ornaments of the icoaraciense ceramic, originated and still practiced in the neighborhood of Paracuri, District of Icoaraci, belonging to Belém, capital of the State of Pará/Brasil. The object of our study was centered at the workshops supplied by the artisans master of the School of Arts and Occupations, Master Raimundo Cardoso. Referred school provides to its students, formation at fundamental level as well professional formation, through vocational workshops that help to maintain alive the practice of the icoaraciense ceramic. Our interest of researching that cultural and vocational practice appeared when we got in touch with that School, during the development of activities of a discipline of the degree course of mathematics. In order to reach our objective, we accomplished, initially, a research about the icoaraciense ceramic historic, since the first works with the clay until to the main characteristics of that ceramic. Soon afterwards, we discussed on ethnomatematics, culture, knowledge, cognition and mathematical education. At the end, we analyzed the creation of the geometric ornaments of the icoaraciense ceramic, considering the proportion concepts, symmetry and some geometry notions, that are used by the artisans when they are ornamenting the pieces of that ceramic. We verified that, in spite of the artisans, usually, do not demonstrate to possess a bit of domain on the mathematical concepts that they are working with, for instance, the ones of translaction symmetry, rotation and reflection, they demonstrate full safety in the use of those concepts, as well as the capacity to recognize them, even if in a singular specific and very peculiar way, what opens the possibility of a partnership among mathematics teachers and master-artisans of the archeological ceramic and icoaraciense workshops

Análise morfológica da placenta da paca (Agouti paca, Linnaeus, 1766: Estudo ao microscópio de luz e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão

Foram estudados os aspectos morfológicos de nove placentas de paca (Agouti paca, L., 1766) mediante análises em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão dos fragmentos teciduais correspondentes à porção de maior conexão placentária em diferentes fêmeas gestantes, nos estágios intermediário e final da prenhez. Realizamos este estudo, pois, aliada à necessidade da procura de novas espécies que atuem como modelos experimentais adequados, havia a disponibilidade deste roedor em nosso meio; por outro lado, o melhor conhecimento dos aspectos reprodutivos destes animais oferece subsídios ao estabelecimento de criatórios racionais desta espécie, uma vez que a preservação deste vertebrado é necessária, além do grande interesse comercial em torno de sua carne. Os resultados mostraram que este roedor possui uma placenta do tipo vitelina e outra do tipo corioalantoidiana, sendo este órgão do tipo hemocorial, labiríntico, que se apresenta histologicamente composto por lóbulos divididos em três regiões distintas: o centro do lóbulo, o labirinto e o interlóbulo. Na região do centro do lóbulo, verificou-se a presença de artérias e veias; e em sua região periférica estavam presentes dois sistemas tubulares arranjados de forma paralela, onde as lacunas sangüíneas e os capilares estavam em íntimo contato, formando a região do labirinto. O interlóbulo era composto de artérias e veias. O trofoblasto era o principal componente da placenta, que, independentemente da região onde se encontrava, mostrava-se de natureza sincicial. Ultra-estruturalmente a barreira placentária da paca foi classificada como hemomonocorial.

Freqüência de lesões gástricas em suínos destinados ao abate na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP

Foram colhidos e examinados 1085 estômagos de suínos, machos castrados ou fêmeas, todos com idade entre 140 e 150 dias. As lesões encontradas foram classificadas de acordo com a localização, tipo e severidade. A análise macroscópica revelou que 694 (64%) estômagos apresentavam algum tipo de lesão. A paraqueratose foi identificada como alteração patológica única em 213 (19,6%) estômagos. em outros 319 (29,4%) estômagos, ela estava associada apenas a processos erosivos ou associada a erosões e úlceras. Erosões isoladas ou associadas a ulcerações foram identificadas em 121 (11,2%) animais, enquanto que úlceras, foram verificadas em 41 (3,8%) animais. A avaliação por regiões, revelou que 62,8% apresentaram lesões na região gastresofágica e apenas 6,6% na região fúndica do órgão. Tais achados sugerem a existência de diferentes causas na etiopatogenia desses dois processos gástricos. A ulceração gastresofágica estava presente em 213 (19,6%) animais, dos quais 22,7% eram machos castrados e 16,5% eram fêmeas, fato que evidencia possível influência do sexo na freqüência dessa patologia em suínos. Os exames microscópicos, realizados em parte das amostras, apenas confirmaram as alterações, já identificadas pelo exame macroscópico. Apenas o exame macroscópico conduz a resultados confiáveis na avaliação de lesões gástricas em suínos.

Laparoscopy hepatic biopsy through cauterization

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A Formação docente no fazer e refazer da prática pedagógica

This work dealt with formative actions that were developed by Educational Practice in Movement (GEPEM) at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). This group aims to transform the way education is carried out. This is done either through intervention or in research considering that school has an explicit objective, to change action, and this presupposes an educator formation process. The methodology used is a reflection on educational practice, aiming to built knowledge that can be generalized to other realities. The analysis of the group s prior work was done considering what has been used as a parameter for decision making, the regularity in the process itself, all of which allowed the identification of their principles, once these were always mentioned in the documents that were analyzed. Some principles for formative actions of the GEPEM were identified: the subject as a social historical being is part of a given community; knowledge is built through social relations and local reality is a content generator; dialogically, collective construction and awareness process. The research also pointed out four characterized organizers, parameters and action criteria that make articulation with practice possible. Thus, these are used in order to analyze two initial formation proposals (secondary and higher education) of rural settlement educators

Não é que eu sei ser professora!: formação continuada e construção do currículo da matemática para o ciclo de alfabetização

Esta dissertação investiga como a prática da formação continuada em Matemática dos professores do Núcleo de Educação da Infância/Colégio de Aplicação (NEI/CAp) tem possibilitado a construção do currículo da Matemática para o ciclo de alfabetização nessa instituição. Assumimos os princípios metodológicos da abordagem qualitativa com ênfase na pesquisa colaborativa. Privilegiamos atividades de formação continuada organizadas em sessões de estudos e reflexões sobre a prática pedagógica que envolveram todos os partícipes. Para a construção dos dados realizamos a escolha de instrumentos e procedimentos metodológicos como a entrevista individual e as sessões reflexivas de videoformação e de estudo. Com a intensão de responder a questão central da pesquisa definimos duas categorias de interpretação: a formação continuada em Matemática dos professores do NEICAp dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e a construção do currículo da Matemática dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental nesta escola. Constatamos que a prática da formação continuada em Matemática acontece dentro da própria instituição e tem como interesse, além da formação permanente dos seus professores, o desenvolvimento da escola e a aprendizagem dos alunos. Avaliamos que por meio de estudos e reflexões sobre as práticas docentes, análises de propostas pedagógicas de Secretarias de Educação e de outros documentos oficiais do Ministério da Educação, em momentos de formação continuada em contextos vivenciadas pelos professores do NEI/CAp, vem sendo possível construir o currículo desta instituição e, consequentemente, a sua proposta curricular, na qual privilegiamos a área da Matemática

Conhecimento dos enfermeiros do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes sobre sistematização da assistência de Enfermagem

Nursing as a profession goes in search on quality of their care through new frameworks, trying to break postures of the health care system so fragmented in the care. To change professional practices, it is necessary to build their own knowledge grounded on Nursing Care System. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of nurses' knowledge on care systematization in nursing in the University Hospital Natal-RN. It is an analytical descriptive study carried out at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), Natal-RN, 2010, the sample was composed of 40 active nurses working in hospitalization units of the hospital, the inclusion criteria were being in the monthly scale sector and agree to participate in the study. The non-participant observation and another interview were used for collecting data, statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential with reliability test, Pearson test, chi-square and Fischer, the variables that correlated were analyzed in a model Multiple logistic , calculating odds ratio. The results were: predominance of female professionals (90%), predominantly in the age range 39-46 years (37.5%), nurses who have the undergraduate degree at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (80%), and who have expertise training as a minimal degree (62.5%). Among the surveyed, the knowledge showed significance with the graduation time (p = 0.018) and time working in HUOL (p = 0.036). The majority of the professionals surveyed do not know which organ is responsible for the SAE legislation (52.5%), aware of the steps needed to build the nursing diagnosis (92.5%), understand the characteristics of nursing planning (90% ). However the same professionals do not perform physical examination in patients (50.0%) did not classify the clinical findings (68.4%), and identify the problems encountered as a classification (13.2%). The planning of nursing care is carried out by verbal order of nurses (82.5%), 41% of the professionals assess only the intervention stage, in other words, the actions taken. Regarding the practical application of nursing records 53% of nurses do not realize records, 30.8% is incomplete, the other held notes (p = 0.003). The nurses know the nursing process (90% of appropriate responses), despite the actions defined by the theory are not applied in practice. Investigators believe the condition of the hospital teacher (22.5%) could positively affect the implementation of the SAE associated with the interest of professionals (20%). Of the respondents, 17.5% accept as truth the lack of facilities to assist the SAE implementation in the hospital. It was concluded that nurses know the theory that underlies the SAE and the nursing process, but do not develop the service know as well, there is need for action to boost the SAE implementation as practice of nurses in the hospital investigated

Entre o sol e a liberdade impera a violência: formação de redes para a ação a partir da estratégia saúde da família

The research aimed to analyze the feasibility of forming a network of municipal services to prevent and treat child victims of violence from the Basic Health Units in the Family Mossoró / RN. The research is a qualitative approach and was developed in the form of action research. The population was composed of representatives of institutions of the child and primary care professionals. Data were collected through questionnaires, workshops and semi-structured interview. The results were analyzed from data collected through the questionnaire designed to assess the material, lectures, dialogues and assessments with the team and presented in accordance with the findings of the research. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research UFRN with protocol No. 158/2010, CAAE: 0176.0.051.000-10. Situational diagnosis in the participants answered a questionnaire to characterize and then launched the guiding question of the focus group FHS While professional what your perception towards violence against children? It was felt the fear and ignorance on the part of the unit staff on how to prevent and to refer cases of violence against children and adolescents in the area of coverage of the unit and also realized that the professionals felt victims of occupational violence before the violence has reached proportions that the area of the unit. Mind the need to change strategies to work to combat violence, we plan to conduct focus group workshop to complete the questionnaire, training for protection against occupational violence, and meeting with other bodies responsible visor protecting children and adolescents to draw the flowchart of the victims in safety net. The next moment training to fill the notification form professionals were interested in learning and use this tool to combat violence. At the third meeting in Unity, meeting with representatives of the Child Protection Council, the professional unit showed interest in interacting with the agency to expose and combat violence against children and adolescents. Due to difficulties in the physical structure of the unit was not possible to continue the research and planned every moment, and then completed the data collection with interviews with the participating professionals, to assess the meetings. Therefore, it is considered that action research has also achieved its goals because the team was involved in the collective construction of a proposed change in the practices of referral and prevention of violence against children and adolescents. This involvement was favored using the principles Freirian during the course of the study. However, it is assumed that the network was not fully implemented because it is known that it is in a continual process of improvement and must continue evolving with the unit team.

Atividade e população microbiana envolvida nas transformações do enxofre em solos com diferentes vegetações

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fatores associados à efetividade da doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes

The transplantation of organs and tissues presents itself as an important therapeutic option, both from a medical standpoint, the social or economic. Thus, the identification of variables that can interfere in the effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation needs to be investigated adequately, because it stands before increasing index of chronic and degenerative diseases in the population, what makes the waiting list for transplantation grow disproportionately and patients come to death without the opportunity of realization the treatment due to a lack of donors. In this context, has defined as objective of this study evaluate the factors associated with the effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation. It is a evaluative research, quantitative, prospective, with longitudinal design, developed at Central of Catchment, Notification and organ donation for transplant, Organ Procurement Organization and in six accredited hospitals to collect and transplantation of organs and tissues, in Natal/RN, between august 2010 and february 2011, after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee, under No. 414/10 and CAAE 007.0.294.000-10. The probabilistic sample without replacement was composed of 65 potential donors. It was used as an instrument of data collection a structured script non-participant observation of checklist type. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables, charts, graphs and figures. For this, was used Microsoft Excel 2007 and statistical program SPSS version 20.0. To check the level of significance was chosen by applying the chi-square test (χ2) and Mann Whitney and caselas for less than five, it is considered the Fisher exact test. It was adopted as the significance level p-value <0.05. Among the surveyed it was observed that most of the individuals were male (50,8%), in the age group 45 years (53,8%), mean age of 42,3 years, minimum 5 and maximum 73 years (± 17,32 years). Single / widowers / divorced (56,9%), with up to completed elementary school (60,0%) in the exercise of professional activity (86,2%), catholic (83,1%) and residents in metropolitan region of Natal (52,3%). Was obtained donation effectiveness of 27,7%. There was no statistical significance between structure and effectiveness of the donation, but were observed inadequacies in physical resources (36,9%), materials (30,8%), organizational structure (29,2%) and human resources (18,5%). In the process, the maintenance phase (p= 0.004), diagnosis of brain death (p= 0.032), family interview (p≤ 0.001) and documentation (p= 0.001) presented statistical significance with effectiveness. Thus, it is accepts the alternative hypothesis of the study, in which is evidenced that the adequacy of the factors related to structure and process is associated to effectiveness of organs and tissues donation for transplantation. In this way, the effectiveness of organ and tissue donation ends in an essential way the rapidity and accuracy with which the donation process is conducted, requiring appropriate structure, with appropriate physical and material resources and skilled human resources to optimize the reduction of time and the suffering of those waiting for an organ or tissue transplant queued in Brazil

O conhecimento e as atitudes das famílias de pacientes em tratamento em tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde

This study thus sought to examine knowledge about TB and attitudes of patients families in disease treatment in Primary Health Care in Natal- RN. To this end, a cross-sectional study was undertaken through a questionnaire with families of patients diagnosed with TB and follow up by APS from Natal. The study subjects were recruited from a non-probabilistic way, by convenience, contemplating a sample of 50 families. Among the criteria considered for inclusion of subjects, older than 18 years were considered, as well as residing with the TB patient and in Natal and availability to participate in the research. Data collection was performed by own researcher and an assistant, through a questionnaire with families of patients diagnosed with TB following the double independent digitalization of data. In the analytical phase, was initially conducted an exploratory phase and univariate data, with description of the position measurements (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (confidence interval and standard deviation). In bivariate analysis, it was conducted an intersection of dependent variables of knowledge e and changes of attitude dichotomous, with each of the independent variables, using contingency tables and calculating the chi-square test and, when appropriate, the Fisher exact test. In 2x2 tables, calculated the odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI). From the selected sample, 43 (86%) subjects were female, average age and median respectively of 46.64 and 46.50 years, 25 (50%) had elementary school. The knowledge expressed by family members about TB was considered satisfactory. However, the lack of interest of the family (54%) in seeking information about tuberculosis; the wrong way of reply in relation to the organism causing the disease (64%); the water content (62%) and contaminated food (54% ) as a means of spreading TB was a weakness identified in the investigation. Regarding the time of transmission, 90% of respondents indicated not know or answered wrong. From investigated independent variables, only two were associated with lack of knowledge of TB, and they did not have religion (OR: 0.146, 95% CI: 0.027 to 0.800) and income below 1, 7 minimum wages (OR: 0.155, 95% CI: 0.029 to 0.813). Thus they seem to exercise a protective effect on this outcome. As for the changes in attitude, most of the found variables had no association with statistical significance, except no internet access (OR: 0.212, 95% CI: 0,048-0, 935). Most attitudes were positive in relation to TB patient. Results have demonstrated weaknesses in TB care, which has taken on a more individual and welfare character. Data not only express health outcomes produced by health services, but also the political and social situation of the families that are affected by TB

Produção de mudas de caramboleiras 'B-10' e 'Golden Star': II - marcha de absorção e acúmulo de nutrientes

A participação do Brasil no mercado externo de frutas tem aumentado consideravelmente e com potencial para crescer ainda mais. A constante ascensão dos dados de exportação brasileira é resultado da combinação de avanços tecnológicos do setor produtivo e de acesso a novos mercados consumidores. A caramboleira apresenta-se como uma excelente opção de cultivo de frutas exóticas, com grande potencial para atender ao mercado interno e às exportações. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a marcha de absorção e de acúmulo de nutrientes em mudas de caramboleiras cultivadas em solução nutritiva. O experimento foi realizado em parcelas subdivididas, sendo utilizadas como parcela as duas cultivares de caramboleira ('B-10' e 'Golden Star') e, como subparcelas, cinco épocas de coleta de plantas, realizadas aos 208; 233; 258; 283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos (8L) com solução nutritiva (pH=5,5 ± 0,5), com aeração. O experimento iniciou-se em 24-08-2005. Nos diferentes órgãos das mudas (folhas, caule e raízes), determinaram-se a marcha de absorção, o acúmulo de nutrientes e os índices nutricionais. Não houve diferenças no acúmulo de nutrientes entre as mudas de caramboleira de ambas as cultivares, sendo a ordem decrescente dos nutrientes em cada muda de 'B-10', no final do período experimental: N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para a 'Golden Star', a ordem foi: N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S > Fe > Mn > B > Cu > Zn. Para as duas cultivares, o acúmulo médio foi maior nas folhas > caule > raízes. O período de maior exigência para 'B-10' foi entre 208 - 233 e, para 'Golden Star', entre 233 - 283 dias após o transplantio. As diferentes taxas de acumulação líquida dos nutrientes, nos diferentes órgãos da caramboleira, nem sempre acompanharam a taxa de acumulação de nutrientes do respectivo órgão.

Acúmulo de massa seca e marcha de absorção de nutrientes em mudas de goiabeira 'Pedro Sato'

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelagem de dados de falhas de equipamentos de sub-superfície em poços de petróleo da Bacia Potiguar

This master´s thesis presents a reliability study conducted among onshore oil fields in the Potiguar Basin (RN/CE) of Petrobras company, Brazil. The main study objective was to build a regression model to predict the risk of failures that impede production wells to function properly using the information of explanatory variables related to wells such as the elevation method, the amount of water produced in the well (BSW), the ratio gas-oil (RGO), the depth of the production bomb, the operational unit of the oil field, among others. The study was based on a retrospective sample of 603 oil columns from all that were functioning between 2000 and 2006. Statistical hypothesis tests under a Weibull regression model fitted to the failure data allowed the selection of some significant predictors in the set considered to explain the first failure time in the wells