Determinação do teor de extrato etéreo de grãos de oleaginosas através de diferentes processamentos

The objective of this work was to determine the ether extract content of peanut and canola seeds, with extraction in Soxhlet apparatus and with three types of processing: grinding in ball mill type; maceration in mortar and grind into micro mill after maceration in mortar. Data were analyzed in an entirely randomized design with 3 treatments and 12 replicates, submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared using Tukey test (P<0.05) with routines of the SAS statistical package. The largest percentage of ether extract was obtained in the treatment which the peanuts were subjected to a greater number of extractions (56.43%), and all treatments presented different results(P <0.05). In canola grains, it was observed that the extraction with the method of grinding in ball mill and the method of sequential extraction (macerate + ground in micro mill) were statistically similar (43.52 and 42.35% respectively), and these methods were more efficient (P <0.05) to extract the ether extract than the treatment in which the grains were only macerated. For peanut grains it was concluded that the most efficient method was the sequential one and to the canola grain, it can be used only a grinding mill as samples processing witch will be submitted to ether extract extraction.

Variação e parâmetros genéticos em teste de progênies de polinização livre de Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) taubert em Luiz Antonio -SP

Intensive deforestation and forest fragmentation of the Brazilian forest biomes has contributed to increase the number of trees species under the risk of extinction. Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert is one of these species. Some of its populations are being conserved ex situ by the Instituto Florestal de São Paulo through provenance and progeny tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation and to estimate genetic parameters at age 24 years in a progeny test of P. dubium established in Luiz Antônio, São Paulo State, Brazil. The trial was established in a random block design, with six replications, five plants per plot and 18 open-pollinated progenies. Measured were: diameter at breast height (DBH), height and stem form. The genetic parameters heritability, genetic variation and effective population size were estimated. Significant genetic differences were observed only for DBH. This trait also presented a high coefficient of genetic variation (CV g=4.8%) and heritability, especially among progeny means (h m 2=0.6607). This indicates that DBH is the most indicated trait for selection in the population. The effective population size conserved ex situ in the test was estimated to be 38.9. Concerning genetic conservation, although the effective population size in the test is small, the values of the genetic variation and of the heritability indicate that the ex situ population has sufficient genetic variation and potential to respond to changes promoted by natural and artificial selection.

Hepatoencephalopathy syndrome due to Cassia occidentalis (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) seed ingestion in horses

Cassia occidentalis is a bush from the Leguminosae family, subfamily Caesalpinoideae, and is a toxic plant of veterinary interest due to the occasional contamination of animal rations. This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of an outbreak of C.occidentalis poisoning in horses. Twenty mares were poisoned after consuming ground corn contaminated with 8% of C.occidentalis seeds. Of the 20 animals affected, 12 died: 8 mares were found dead, 2 died 6h after the onset of clinical signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy and the 2 other animals were subjected to euthanasia 12h after the onset of the clinical signs. The remaining 8 mares presented with mild depression and decreased appetite, but improved with treatment and no clinical sequelae were observed. In 6 animals that underwent a necropsy, an enhanced hepatic lobular pattern was noted and within the large intestine, a large number of seeds were consistently observed. Hepatocellular pericentrolobular necrosis and cerebral oedema were the main histological findings. In one mare, there was mild multifocal semimembranosus rhabdomyocytic necrosis and haemorrhage. Seeds collected from intestinal contents and sifted from the culpable feedstuff were planted. Examination of the leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of the resultant plants identified C.occidentalis. Horses poisoned by C.occidentalis seeds demonstrate clinical signs associated with hepatoencephalopathy and frequently die suddenly. Lesions primarily involve the liver and secondarily, the central nervous system. Cassia occidentalis poisoning should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses with hepatoencephalopathy and special caution should be taken with horse rations to avoid contamination with seeds of this toxic plant. © 2012 EVJ Ltd.

Influence of densities on the growth of brown mussel Perna perna L. cultivated in suspended socks at Caraguatatuba, southeastern Brazil

This study was carried out in a marine area at Cocanha Beach, Caraguatatuba, southeastern Brazil, aiming to determine the most appropriated density for brown mussel (Perna perna L.) cultured in suspended socks (French System), in order to reduce costs with acquisition of juvenile mussels (seed) and labor. In September 2007, 15 socks measuring 2 m each were reared at densities of 300, 400 and 500 seeds/m. After 250 days, mussels were harvested and separated in two length classes: non-commercial (<6 cm) and commercial (≥6 cm). Mussels were counted and weighed. In August 2008, the experiment was repeated with 1-m-long socks at lower densities (200, 250 and 300 seeds/m) in order to identify differences among commercial-sized mussels only. Data were analyzed by ANOVA or nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Tukey or SNK tests, respectively. The results suggest that it is feasible to use densities from 250 to 300 seeds/m, since biomass yields are similar to those registered at higher densities and the use of mussel seed is therefore optimized. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Períodos de interferência de uma comunidade infestante na cultura do milho em primeira e segunda safras

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Biometria de frutos e sementes, emergência e avaliação de plântulas de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Diversidade e estrutura de taxocenoses de anfíbios anuros em uma paisagem fragmentada no centro-oeste paulista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos, mutagênicos, antigenotóxicos, antimutagênicos e anticarcinogênicos do Lupinus albus em camundongos Mus musculus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Características biométricas das sementes e descrição da resposta germinativa pelo modelo do tempo térmico em diferentes populações de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC

Características bioquímicas em cascas, folhas e talos de vegetais pós-colheita em sistema de produção convencional e orgânico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desempenho de máquinas para a semeadura e o arranquio mecanizado na cultura do amendoim em latossolo vermelho

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Caracterização física e química do solo e avaliação do desenvolvimento de plantas de eucalipto em função do espaçamento e da adubação, visando a colheita precoce para utilização em bioenergia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estrutura e dinâmica sucessional de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual com diferentes históricos de pertubação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atributos físicos do solo em áreas de plantio direto com e sem escarificação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise de acidez graxa como índice de qualidade em grãos de soja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)