Effects of fiscal consolidations in Latin America

We use new data on cyclically adjusted primary balances for Latin America and the Caribbean to estimate e ects of scal consolidations on GDP and some of its components. Identi cation is conducted through a doubly-robust estimation procedure that controls for non-randomness in the "treatment assignment" by inverse probability weighting and impulse responses are generated by local projections. Results suggest output contraction by more than one percent on impact, with economy starting to recover from the second year on. Composition e ects indicate that revenue-based adjustments are way more contractionary than expenditure-based ones. Disentangling efects between demand components, we nd consumption being in general less responsive to consolidations than investment, although nonlinearities associated to initial levels of debt and taxation might play an important role.

Economic growth and complementarity between stages of human capital

We study the impact of the different stages of human capital accumulation on the evolution of labor productivity in a model calibrated to the U.S. from 1961 to 2008. We add early childhood education to a standard continuous time life cycle economy and assume complementarity between educational stages. There are three sectors in the model: the goods sector, the early childhood sector and the formal education sector. Agents are homogenous and choose the intensity of preschool education, how long to stay in formal school, labor effort and consumption, and there are exogenous distortions to these four decisions. The model matches the data very well and closely reproduces the paths of schooling, hours worked, relative prices and GDP. We find that the reduction in distortions to early education in the period was large and made a very strong contribution to human capital accumulation. However, due to general equilibrium effects of labor market taxation, marginal modification in the incentives for early education in 2008 had a smaller impact than those for formal education. This is because the former do not decisively affect the decision to join the labor market, while the latter do. Without labor taxation, incentives for preschool are significantly stronger.

La política tributaria como instrumento del desarrollo /

Mode of access: Internet.

The law relating to the duties on land values and mineral rights and to the valuation of the same , being part I of the Finance (1909-1910) act, 1910, with the incorporated enactments, full explanatory notes and a practical introduction

Half-title: Konstam's law of land values.

Report of the commissioners of inland revenue on the duties under their management, for the years 1856 to 1869 inclusive; with some retrospective history, and complete tables of accounts of the duties from their first imposition ... Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty.

Mode of access: Internet.

Observations sur les domaines du roi, sur les vices de leur administration actuelle : & sur les moyens d'en tirer, au profit de l'État, le produit dont ils sont susceptibles.

Caption title: Observations sur le domaine du roi.

Ley de pagos de 24 de diciembre de 1917, que levanta en parte el moratorio para el pago de prestaciones en dinero : contiene, además el decreto de 14 de diciembre de 1916 que estableció el moratorio general y la circular que lo aclaró.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reformas bancarias y financieras. Principales leyes y decretos dictados sobre el banco de la nación, bancos de descuento, impuestos, estancos, emisión, de bonos y deuda flotante, fondo de garantía de ferrocarriles, presupuesto, servicio aduanero.

At head of title: Bolivia. Ministerio de hacienda.

Impostos interestaduaes, 1900-1911.

Mode of access: Internet.

Reglamento para el cobro del impuesto de los dos jornales.

Mode of access: Internet.

Manual de contribuciones fiscales, municipales y de beneficencia.

Mode of access: Internet.

Boletín de las rentas reorganizadas.

Editor, 1906- : Gregorio Gutiérrez.

Algo sobre administración y rentas fiscales; breves apuntes para el actual Ministero de Hacienda, señor don Miguel G. Hurtado, y la representación lojana ante el Congreso de 1917,

Mode of access: Internet.

Extracto de los informes producidos por las legaciones británicas sobre impuestos territoriales.

Mode of access: Internet.

Ley y decreto reglamentario de timbres y papel sellado para los ejercicios económicos ...

Description based on: 1919-1920 y 1920-1921.