Time series analysis in the assessment of ICT impact at the aggregate level – lessons and implications for the new economy

The major role of information and communication technology (ICT) in the new economy is well documented: countries worldwide are pouring resources into their ICT infrastructure despite the widely acknowledged “productivity paradox”. Evaluating the contribution of ICT investments has become an elusive but important goal of IS researchers and economists. But this area of research is fraught with complexity and we have used Solow's Residual together with time-series analysis tools to overcome some methodological inadequacies of previous studies. Using this approach, we conduct a study of 20 countries to determine if there was empirical evidence to support claims that ICT investments are worthwhile. The results show that ICT contributes to economic growth in many developed countries and newly industrialized economies (NIEs), but not in developing countries. We finally suggest ICT-complementary factors, in an attempt to rectify possible flaws in ICT policies as a contribution towards improvement in global productivity.

Assessment of the impact of discharges from surface water sewers on receiving water quality

A broad based approach has been used to assess the impact of discharges to rivers from surface water sewers, with the primary objective of determining whether such discharges have a measurable impact on water quality. Three parameters, each reflecting the effects of intermittent pollution, were included in a field work programme of biological and chemical sampling and analysis which covered 47 sewer outfall sites. These parameters were the numbers and types of benthic macroinvertebrates upstream and downstream of the outfalls, the concentrations of metals in sediments, and the concentrations of metals in algae upstream and downstream of the outfalls. Information on the sewered catchments was collected from Local Authorities and by observation of the time of sampling, and includes catchment areas, land uses, evidence of connection to the foul system, and receiving water quality classification. The methods used for site selection, sampling, laboratory analysis and data analysis are fully described, and the survey results presented. Statistical and graphical analysis of the biological data, with the aid of BMWP scores, showed that there was a small but persistent fall in water quality downstream of the studied outfalls. Further analysis including the catchment information indicated that initial water quality, sewered catchment size, receiving stream size, and catchment land use were important factors in determining the impact. Finally, the survey results were used to produce guidelines for the estimation of surface water sewer discharge impacts from knowledge of the catchment characteristics, so that planning authorities can consider water quality when new drainage systems are designed.

An online assessment and development tool for business incubators:optimising business-incubation management practice, performance and impact, Project Report

This project is focused on exchanging knowledge between ABS, UKBI and managers of business incubators in the UK. The project relates to exploitation of extant knowledge-base on assessing and improving business incubation management practice and performance and builds on two earlier studies. It addresses a pressing need for assessing and benchmarking business incubation input, process and outcome performance and highlighting best practice. The overarching aim of this project was to obtain proof-of-concept for a business incubation performance assessment and benchmarking online tool, fine-tune it and put it in use by nurturing a community of business incubation management practice, aligned by the resultant tool. The purpose was to offer an appropriate set of measures, in areas identified by relevant research on business incubation performance management and impact as critical, against which: 1.The input and process performance of business incubation management practice can be assessed and benchmarked within the auspices of a community of incubator managers concerned with best practice 2.The outcome performance and impact of business incubators can be assessed longitudinally. As such, the developed online assessment framework is geared towards the needs of researchers, policy makers and practitioners concerned with business incubation performance, added value and impact.

High Stakes and No Takers: The Impact of Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) Writing on Students’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of Writing

This ethnographic case study of ten students and their teachers concludes that the state writing test had a negative impact on students’ and teachers’ perceptions of writing in four categories: strengths and weaknesses in student writing, self-assessment of writing skills, factors impacting test scores, and motivation and attitudes toward writing.

A framework for reliability assessment of ship hull damage under ship bow impact

Peer reviewed

A framework for reliability assessment of ship hull damage under ship bow impact

Peer reviewed

Detection of bridge anomalous behavior and assessment of their impact on structural performance

Peer reviewed

A framework for reliability assessment of ship hull damage under ship bow impact

Peer reviewed

Impact of the invasive macroalgae Asparagopsis armata - an ecotoxicological assessment

Os Oceanos representam o maior sistema de suporte de vida sendo a uma grande fonte de riqueza, oportunidade e abundância. No entanto, a humanidade tem levado este ecossistema ao seu limite com crescentes níveis de poluição e outras pressões antropogénicas. A introdução de espécies não-nativas é reconhecida como uma das maiores ameaças à biodiversidade e a segunda maior causa de extinção das espécies. A macroalga vermelha Asparagopsis armata é uma espécie invasora originária da Austrália e que atualmente apresenta uma ampla distribuição em todo o globo devido à sua estratégia oportunista, ausência de predadores e altas taxas de crescimento. Uma questão emergente está relacionada com a capacidade destas espécies invasoras produzirem grandes quantidades de metabolitos halogenados potencialmente tóxicos. Esta característica pode representar um perigo adicional para o equilíbrio ecológico da comunidade invadida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial ecotoxicológico dos exsudatos de A. armata usando um gastrópode, Gibbula umbilicalis, como organismo modelo. A macroalga recolhida na costa de Peniche (Portugal) foi colocada em tanques no laboratório, durante 12 h, sendo depois o meio recolhido e filtrado para ensaios posteriores com os exsudatos da alga. No ensaio agudo, observou-se a mortalidade de G. umbilicalis que foi exposta a crescentes diluições do exsudato durante 96 h. Adicionalmente, os gastrópodes foram expostos a concentrações não letais do exsudato e analisou-se as respostas bioquímicas recorrendo a biomarcadores relacionados com destoxificação, defesas antioxidantes, danos oxidativos, danos neurotóxicos e metabolismo energético. Os resultados revelaram que os exsudatos de A. armata afetaram significativamente a sobrevivência dos organismos expostos com uma CL50 96h de 5.03% de exsudato da alga. A exposição aos exsudatos da alga também resultou em efeitos bioquímicos e metabólicos ao nível subcelular com resultados significativos na inibição da glutationa-S-transferase (GST), perda de integridade do ADN e níveis crescentes de atividade da lactato desidrogenase (LDH), dando uma indicação dos mecanismos de toxicidade desta alga marinha. Os níveis mais elevados de danos no ADN ocorreram quando a GST apresentou os níveis mais baixos de atividade e esta mesma atividade aumentou quando os danos no ADN diminuíram, em simultâneo com o aumento dos níveis de atividade da LDH, indicando que as necessidades energéticas aumentam devido à necessidade de sintetizar mais enzima. Conclui-se que a A. armata tem capacidade de libertar substâncias tóxicas que podem ter potenciais impactos no ambiente envolvente. Adicionalmente, as respostas bioquímicas estudadas em G. umbilicalis têm potencial para serem usadas como sinais de aviso na determinação dos efeitos provocados pelos compostos libertados por esta macroalga vermelha.

Digital and Social Inequalities : A Qualitative Assessment of the Impact of the Connecting Equality Program on Argentinean Youth

This paper focuses on the ties between social and digital inequalities among Argentinean youth. It uses a qualitative approach to explore different aspects of the everyday lives of adolescents, such as sociability, leisure time and family use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), in order to assess the impact of the Connecting Equality Program (Programa Conectar Igualdad, PCI) on reducing digital inequalities and fostering social inclusion. What were the existing conditions of access for students and their families when the PCI was first implemented? What influence does the implementation of the PCI have on the individual, family and scholastic appropriation of ICTs? How does the use of computers and the Internet vary among youth? Has this large-scale incorporation of netbooks in schools, and especially homes and free time changed it in any way? Does the appropriation of ICTs through student participation in the PCI contribute to material and symbolic social inclusion? In order to answer these questions, we compare the processes of ICT appropriation among lower and middle class adolescents, focusing on the distinctive uses and meanings assigned to computers and the Internet by boys and girls in their daily lives. For this purpose we analyze data collected through semi-structured interviews in two schools in Greater La Plata, Argentina during 2012. The main findings show that in terms of access, skills and types of use, the implementation of the PCI has had a positive impact among lower class youth, guaranteeing access to their first computers and promoting the sharing of knowledge and digital skills with family members. Moreover, evidence of more diverse and intense use of ICTs among lower class students reveals the development of digital skills related to educational activities. Finally, in terms of sociability, having a personal netbook enables access to information and cultural goods which are very significant in generating ties and strengthening identities and social integration