Geoprocessamento na análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental desencadeada pela monocultura de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do distrito Santa Olímpia (Piracicaba/SP)

Sugar cane production is of the utmost importance to the economy of the entire Brazil, due to its multiple utility, being used as the raw material for the manufacture of various items, particularly, sugar and alcohol. In areas of sugarcane monoculture, the appropriate management of soils and water is essential, not only for the maintenance of the quality of the environment, but also for the quality of life of the population. Among the main impacts generated by the cultivation of sugar cane, stands out the withdrawal of the riparian forest, which is essential to the balance and maintenance of the ecosystem. Before that, the present work aimed at mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in the basin of a tributary of the Corumbataí river, located in the district Santa Olímpia, in the city of Piracicaba-SP. For the purpose, techniques were used in Geoprocessing, aiming to produce thematic maps of Slope, for the Use and Occupation of Land, of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), Soil and Geological of the basin of interest. From these mappings, the analysis was performed multi-criteria, which resulted in the Map of Environmental Vulnerability. This mapping environmental assessment of the study area, indicating proposals of practices for the management and conservation of soil and water resources, for the purpose of improving the environmental quality of the analyzed area. In this way, the research of this nature, may help in the decision-making on the part of the governmental bodies as well as civil society

Incorporação do lodo da estação de tratamento de água (ETA II) do município de Rio Claro-SP, na argila, para produção de cerâmica vermelha

The slugde from decanters in Water Treatment Plants (WTP) has different composition varying, according to the region, coagulant type and dosages, the plant layout. In this work, the physical characterization of the sludge generated from decenties (ETAII the municipality of Rio Claro, Brazil), the manufacture of bodies of evidence-sludge mixture of clay (with humidity of 8% and concentrations of sludge, 5, 15 and 30%) the testing technology after burning the mixture to a temperature of 950 ° C were investigated. The main aim assess the possibility of its use as raw material in the ceramic red production. For comparison of the obtained results it was used values of the testing technology of bodies of evidence only with clay, prepared under the same conditions. In general, the addition of sludge from ETA made worse the properties of the ceramic body, however, the values obtained from the tests on the concentration of 5% of sludge, still remain within the acceptable limits for the production of red pottery pieces.

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Viabilidade de turbinas eólicas de pequeno porte no Brasil

Facing a global scenario where oil is scarce and the emission of CO2 in the atmosphere is a world concern, the search for new methods of energy production becomes the focus of all countries. Based on these assumptions, the wind power gains highlight and happen to be the most exploited around the world, since this does not produce toxic waste, since it uses the wind, no raw material shortage and its cost and efficiency are increasingly attractive. Taking advantage of the geographical features of Brazil, coastal and territorial extension, this study aims to analyze the feasibility of using wind turbines widely used in Germany, one of the countries with the highest production of energy through wind, in Brazil. In order to increase the energy production without causing more environmental impacts, geographical analyses will be made, and to determine the features and costs of production of this type of energy generation, and at the end of this dissertation, will finish for one of the turbines, Montana, is it feasible to install, however due to the Government's little incentive return is not very expressive. With respect to the turbine Passaat, this is infeasible to install under current conditions

Considerações gerais sobre a aplicação de esterco no processo de compostagem dos resíduos de poda e capina

In the category of the solid waste, are included the yard solid waste, this kind of solid waste are noble raw material and uncontaminated being recycled through the composting processing. Inside this context, it was studied the influence of horse manure in yard solid waste composting process, analyze the viability to compost the yard solid waste in UNESP Bela Vista. It was made four piles of composting, two of them are composed only by yard solid waste and the others are composed by horse manure and yard solid waste. The experiments were operated during 45 days. The evaluation of the process was made through temperature measurements of the piles daily during the test period. On the contrary of the piles with horse manure, the piles with no horse manure didn’t undergo complete maturation in the end of the experiment. Through the results obtained concluded that it was important to use manure horse in yard solid waste composting process to accelerate this process, because the piles without horse manure didn’t reach temperatures that characterize the composting process.

Reposição florestal obrigatória no município de Presidente Venceslau

The growing concern over deforestation of native forests from Brazil to the marketing of wood in various sectors had made greater attention from lawmakers. In this context, did the reforestation, which came into existence to meet the demand for forest raw material. This paper attempts to make a survey, focusing on the interplay between small and medium producers, consumers of forest products and reforestation associations. For this, we conducted a survey of legislation at the federal and state since the emergence, evolution and current context for understanding the legal basis on the subject. In addition, literature reviews have been made seeking to direct the concepts and importance of reforestation, reforestation, forest plantations and productive use of the species Eucalyptus sp for the supply of forest raw material. Approach was also sought on the structure of the system of reforestation of the state of Sao Paulo and their assignments. We also present an in loco study of Chairman Wenceslas municipality in order to analyze the participation of the municipality in the reforest the region of Pontal Paranapanema and actions of regulatory agencies. As a result presents a survey of consumers of timber enterprises in the municipality of President Wenceslas based on the resolution SMA No. 082/2008, which describes the characteristics of these companies and their fields of activity

Estudo de caso: formulação de custo de um produto de usinagem em uma pequena empresa

Many variables are indirectly involved in the transformation of raw material into a metallurgical industry, such as machine hours, hours of hand labor directly and / or indirect, setup time, etc. This research focuses on the complexity of formulating the cost of metallurgical products, based on a case study, in which one has incurred a large loss on the sale of a product called Punch. The main objective of this work is to define the variables of the cost of members and other metallurgical products, so simplified general, checking what were the failures costing the case studied, in order to help others. The method of formulating cost was determined as recommended by SEBRAE guidance for small businesses. The results showed a loss R$ 13.201,00 in the batch of 15 units of punch. Possible improvements have been identified for reducing the production cost

Desenvolvimento de tijolos cerâmicos com escória de alto-forno

The construction industry is booming, and the federal government is heavily financially supporting public housing. This scenario is very favorable for the development of construction materials, especially low-cost construction. Thus, this study aims to develop a new class of unfired clay masonry bricks: GGBS stabilized bricks. Studies show that the ground granulated blast furnace slag, a material used as raw material in cement manufacture, can be used together with calcium oxide in soil stabilization for the manufacture of bricks. This study aims to test and identify the best parameters for the manufacture of unfired bricks, adapting its composition to the materials found in Brazil and identify the optimum curing conditions for our climate. So far preliminary studies were done to verify the technical feasibility of the material. Future studies should be done to ascertain the economic feasibility and environmental gains of such material

Estudo comparativo de fornecedores de piche

This present study aimed at developing a methodology for analyzing on the feasibility of a new supplier of raw materials, industrial of aluminum production technology Soederberg. This raw material is pitch, which will be used in the manufacture of anodes for the electrolytic pot. The supplier to be analyzed is the Chemcoal of Ukrainian origin. Thereby developing techniques for a complete analysis, targeting the physical and chemical properties of pitch, economic feasibility and potential impacts on the client, potroom where these impacts may affect the production of aluminum, skimming factor, bubble noise, plasticity top anode and the anode consumption. After planning the test that was conducted on two strategies to generate greater traceability of impacts, data were collected and then it was made a statistical treatment of the data using statistical tools to generate the minitab greater reliability of results

Aumento da precisão do controle de estoque: pesquisa ação em indústria de bens de consumo

This work is an action research conducted in an industry of consumer goods, presenting a new model of inventory management in the company's processors. This replacement of the inventory management of the company stemmed from the need to reduce the large number of deviations in the product write off in stock, thereby generating a low accuracy and reliability of data on inventories of processors shown by the company's ERP system. Spending on inventory adjustments could thus be reduced with the implementation of the new model, thus generating a cost savings for the company and thus increasing their competitive potential in the market. In the old system adopted by the company, write off raw material inventory was done automatically by the system for customized transactions by the company. However, since the implementation of ERP in the company, the automatic write off based on historical consumption of each product were made in many cases at random, generating a lot of mistakes. The new management system has replaced the automatic system by manual at the time of the return of the processed product in the company, thus creating a control which lots and quantities were consumed in the processing and making the stock shown by the ERP reliable and accurate

Carvão (Sporisorium scitamineum) e podridão-abacaxi (Ceratocystis paradoxa) em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.): uma revisão

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is an important grass cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, such as in Br, Ind, and Ch, and has its biomass being raw material for production of sugar, fuel ethanol, and some other derivatives. Fungal diseases infect sugarcane fields worldwide, damaging crops and thus, causing great economic losses. Fungal specialized structures act during all Pathogen-Host Relationship Cycle (PHRC) (survival, dissemination, infection, colonization, and reproduction of pathogen), maintaining fungal populations in cultivation soil, infecting plants in following crops and vegetative propagation of sugarcane by infected seeds may allow fungal transportation into regions where diseases haven’t occured before. Biotechnological methods and approaches have significantly contributed to understanding of the relationship among parasite and host, as to diseases management (control, detection, and prevention). Some techniques have daily applications in Agriculture, while others are only used in research and to breeding of host resistant varieties. Among notable diseases, smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) and pineapple disease (Ceratocystis paradoxa) are important because they cause damage and losses in sugarcane regions, although there are different periods for each one to occur. This work aims to review the PHRC for each patosystem, the biotechnological methods and approaches and its perspectives in the study and management of these diseases. As environment is an important factor to the effectiveness of PHRC, one chapter is dedicated to Global Climate Change (GCC) and its possible influences over these diseases in a longterm period

Monitoramento espacial e análise das características climáticas na influência sobre a cultura de soja no estado do Paraná

In the past years, soya has increased itself as the mean agro export culture in Brazil, encouraging the expansion of its agricultural frontier throughout the country. Brazil is the second biggest soya producer around the world, with a 59,8 million ton production in 2008, according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), only behind United States. Around the country, the four leading producer states are Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Goiás. Therefore, geotechnologies may be used to monitor use and soil occupation in various analyzes periods. In this review, the tools are important to illustrate the soya production areas and also the weather behavior around its production evolution in the territory through the years. Its utilization can contribute to the evolution and optimization around real time monitoring of the Agricola cultures, without being necessary to be in the area with a low financial cost. Generally, this information is strongly important for decision makers in both government and private sector, as soon as the achievement information regards the quantification of area, yield and development of agricultural crops are essential to the economic behavior of culture during the season and even beyond. By obtaining data regarding climate crops 2008/09 and 2009/10, held the climatic water balance calculation based on the dynamics of water storage in soil temperature and precipitation data, interpolation of the data through the interpolator (IDW) that generated thematic precipitation maps. Overall, the use of geotechnology to monitor agricultural areas, can strongly contribute to this monitoring, generating raw material for further analysis at low cost

Viabilidade do aproveitamento de resíduos de madeira para produção de móveis

The need to use waste from wood processing industry grows due to environmental demands imposed by laws, so like the need to introduce more competitive products in the market (it means better quality and acceptable cost) who must submit by the rational use of raw material, usually turning waste to sub products, what adds higher value for that. To this research, specific case from Ribon Company, located on Camaçari, Bahia-Brazil, has been studied. It is a treated wood producer. Bulk of monthly wood logs there is 70 m3. Its yield is 71,43%, where bulk of generated waste is monthly 20m3. As an exploitation way from generated waste, it has been suggested some options like: erosion protection to specific areas, a wildlife shelter as an henhouse etc, recreational articles, coal, linings, treadmills. However this research will give focus to the furniture design made of waste. As a conclusion, there is very much need to assign new utilizations to that sub used materials, since there is significant amount to increase company’s productive yield

Produção de carvão vegetal a partir da madeira de Eucalyptus saligna clone SI70 com tres anos e meio de idade

Charcoal is obtained from carbonization, much used in the steel industry for ore reduction, using as raw material the Eucalyptus. The present study aims to verify whether the main Eucalyptus saligna genetically modified produce quality charcoal with only 3.5 years old. The study was done with material collected from three trees, divided into five discs removed at 0, 25 , 50 , 75 and 100 % of the commercial height of the tree. The procedures adopted were based on standards published by ABNT. The results were satisfactory for the parameters: basic wood density with an average of 0.39 ± 0.0082 g / cm ³; volatile materials from coal with an average of 19.35 ± 3.27 %, fixed carbon content of the coal with an average of 75.62 ± 3.40 % and gross calorific value of coal with an average of 4694.43 cal / g, and unsatisfactory results for ash content averaging 5.03 ± 0.23 when compared to the values found in the literature. It was concluded that the studied wood is able to produce charcoal, but the factors of production should be better observed, such as heating time which exerted direct influence on the determination of ash content

Avaliação reológica do óleo de abacate (Persea americana mill) e estudo da estabilidade sob condições de aquecimento e armazenamento à temperatura ambiente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)