Transcriptional activation of human adult alpha-globin genes by hypersensitive site-40 enhancer: function of nuclear factor-binding motifs occupied in erythroid cells.

The developmental stage- and erythroid lineage-specific activation of the human embryonic zeta- and fetal/adult alpha-globin genes is controlled by an upstream regulatory element [hypersensitive site (HS)-40] with locus control region properties, a process mediated by multiple nuclear factor-DNA complexes. In vitro DNase I protection experiments of the two G+C-rich, adult alpha-globin promoters have revealed a number of binding sites for nuclear factors that are common to HeLa and K-562 extracts. However, genomic footprinting analysis has demonstrated that only a subset of these sites, clustered between -130 and +1, is occupied in an erythroid tissue-specific manner. The function of these in vivo-occupied motifs of the alpha-globin promoters, as well as those previously mapped in the HS-40 region, is assayed by site-directed mutagenesis and transient expression in embryonic/fetal erythroid K-562 cells. These studies, together with our expression data on the human embryonic zeta-globin promoter, provide a comprehensive view of the functional roles of individual nuclear factor-DNA complexes in the final stages of transcriptional activation of the human alpha-like globin promoters by the HS-40 element.

Species-specific metastasis of human tumor cells in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse engrafted with human tissue.

We have attempted to model human metastatic disease by implanting human target organs into the immunodeficient C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immunodeficiency; SCID) mouse, creating SCID-hu mice. Preferential metastasis to implants of human fetal lung and human fetal bone marrow occurred after i.v. injection of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells into SCID-hu mice; the homologous mouse organs were spared. Clinically more aggressive variant SCLC cells metastasized more efficiently to human fetal lung implants than did cells from classic SCLC. Metastasis of variant SCLC to human fetal bone marrow was enhanced in SCID-hu mice exposed to gamma-irradiation or to interleukin 1 alpha. These data indicate that the SCID-hu mice may provide a model in which to study species- and tissue-specific steps of the human metastatic process.

Reconstitution of p53-ubiquitinylation reactions from purified components: the role of human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC4 and E6-associated protein (E6AP).

The E6 protein of the high-risk human papillomaviruses inactivates the tumor suppressor protein p53 by stimulating its ubiquitinylation and subsequent degradation. Ubiquitinylation is a multistep process involving a ubiquitin-activating enzyme, one of many distinct ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and in certain cases, a ubiquitin ligase. In human papillomavirus-infected cells, E6 and the E6-associated protein are thought to act as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitinylation of p53. Here we describe the cloning of a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that specifically ubiquitinylates E6-associated protein. Furthermore, we define the biochemical pathway of p53 ubiquitinylation and demonstrate that in vivo inhibition of various components in the pathway leads to an inhibition of E6-stimulated p53 degradation.

Absenteísmo na equipe de enfermagem e suas implicações para a assistência prestada em unidades de urgência e emergência

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Objetivou-se analisar a percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre as condições geradoras de absenteísmo e suas implicações na assistência nas unidades de Urgência e Emergência (UE) das cinco distritais de saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Os sujeitos foram profissionais da equipe de enfermagem (enfermeiro, auxiliar e técnico de enfermagem) que atuam nestas unidades. Foram selecionados 2 profissionais de cada categoria, a partir dos critérios de inclusão do estudo, sem considerar sexo, faixa etária e tempo de trabalho no serviço, totalizando 30 participantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, conduzidas a partir de um roteiro norteador composto pelas variáveis (Processo de Gestão de Recursos Humanos (RH); Condição de Trabalho em Equipe e Qualidade do Cuidado Prestado) abordadas no estudo. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Após análise dos dados, as categorias encontradas foram: TEMA 1 - Gerenciamento, organização e enfrentamento para a operacionalização do trabalho de enfermagem (Subtema 1 - Operacionalização da escala de trabalho frente ao desafio do quantitativo da equipe de enfermagem na unidade de UE; Subtema 2 - Reorganização do trabalho e a perspectiva dos trabalhadores frente à mudança para as 30h/semanais e a terceirização do serviço; Subtema 3 - Tempo de permanência do profissional no serviço; Subtema 4 - Comunicação como ferramenta para desenvolver o trabalho em equipe e gerenciar conflitos); TEMA 2 - Condições impostas ao trabalhador e sua influência no desenvolvimento do trabalho (Subtema 1 - Plano de carreira e salário como estimulantes para desenvolvimento do trabalho; Subtema 2 - Vínculo empregatício: vantagens e desvantagens; Subtema 3 - Educação permanente e sua importância para desenvolvimento do trabalho; Subtema 4 - Influência da estrutura física, materiais e equipamentos no cuidado) e TEMA 3 - Avaliação do serviço e da assistência prestada. No que diz respeito ao quantitativo de enfermagem disposto nas unidades, todos os entrevistados relatam que é um quantitativo razoável e que, em alguns momentos, se sentem sobrecarregados quando ocorrem ausências não previstas. Ao se tratar da terceirização das unidades estatutárias, relata-se que não houve comunicação prévia do evento e é visível a insegurança e frustração por parte dos entrevistados. Ressalta-se que a unidade terceirizada não sofreu mudanças em sua rotina. A rotatividade é presente nestas unidades de UE, sendo maior em determinada unidade e ocorre por inúmeros motivos, dentre eles, aposentadoria, transferência para Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), conflitos na equipe e/ou com pacientes, dentre outros. Todos os entrevistados sugerem que a comunicação é fundamental para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em equipe e é através dela que os conflitos possam vir a ser resolvidos. Neste momento, percebe-se, a partir das falas, que a comunicação é diferente entre as unidades e, portanto, existem níveis diferentes de conflitos entre as unidades. O município não possui um plano de carreira efetivo, portanto os entrevistados demonstram desmotivação para buscar novos conhecimentos. Quanto ao salário, estes têm a visão de que é razoável, sendo considerado elevado em relação às demais instituições de saúde do município, porém, defasado em relação à categoria profissional. Os profissionais terceirizados relatam uma certa insatisfação por trabalhar da mesma forma que os estatutários, recebendo um menor salário e sem os mesmos benefícios, o que nos leva à categoria vínculo empregatício, onde a estabilidade é abordada com visões positivas e negativas. Ao se tratar da visão negativa, os entrevistados sugerem que muitos colegas não sabem lidar com esse benefício, se ausentando do trabalho ou trabalhando de uma forma não adequada, prejudicando a rotina do serviço. No que tange à educação permanente, temos a diferença mais gritante do estudo, visto que os entrevistados estatutários relatam que não possuem a disponibilização, através da prefeitura, de cursos de atualização, capacitação e constante aprendizado enquanto que os terceirizados relatam atualizações constantes e apoio por parte da instituição com a qual eles estão vinculados. É unânime que todos os entrevistados consideram que a estrutura física, materiais e equipamentos interferem diretamente no cuidado. Ao serem questionados em relação à avaliação do cuidado prestado, eles o consideram bom, podendo ser melhor caso fossem disponibilizadas condições de trabalho mais adequadas. Considera-se o estudo como um possível instrumento de avaliação dos serviços prestados em unidade de UE, bem como das condições de trabalho fornecidas ao trabalhador e sua satisfação profissional

Development of a Cleanup Management Plan for the San Benito River in San Benito County, California

Trash and car/truck bodies in the San Benito River and along its banks continue to present a challenge as state mandated basin plans often fail to address these pollutants. To measure the extent of the problem, an assessment of trash and car/truck bodies was completed along four locations of the river. The survey results indicated a need for a Cleanup Management Plan that should include a streamlining process for the removal of car/truck bodies, as well as guidelines for river cleanups. Existing cleanup plans and internet resources were analyzed for creation of the Cleanup Management Plan for the San Benito River.

River Recreation Management in Western States: Results of a Recreation Management Survey

This Capstone represents a qualitative analysis of survey responses concerning river recreation management policies and techniques in the Western United States. Respondents were asked about management topics including permits and fees, monitoring, enforcement, resource management, recreational experience, and current and future demand for whitewater rafting. Responses with consistent results include those for questions concerning permits for commercial uses, justification of fees, and enforcement, while responses with variation in results were received for questions concerning permits for private uses, agency self-sufficiency, monitoring, and use capacity. Most respondents do not expect a significant increased demand for commercial or private boating in the next five years. Respondents that do expect an increase do not see a need for additional commercial outfitters.

An Investigation of Electronic Recruitment in Germany: Toward Efficacy and Opportunities

Globalization and the spread of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), particularly Internet usage, have changed the practice of recruiting employees. The Internet has become an integral part of Human Resource (HR) talent management, and as a result, a majority of business organizations in Germany have adopted an online recruitment initiative. However, technology alone no longer provides a competitive advantage. To meet their talent requirements, business organizations have turned to recruiting alternatives such as electronic recruitment or e-recruitment, which is a form of recruitment using electronic media tools to attract, hire, and retain job seekers. In this investigation, the author examined the efficacy and opportunities of e-recruitment in medium-sized German business organizations.. The author determined that many medium-sized German companies are using the Internet to recruit online but not effectively enough to create and maintain a sustainable strategic advantage. The author concluded that several areas for improvements exist in e-recruitment processes.

Conceptual Modelling of Complex Network Management Systems

Society, as we know it today, is completely dependent on computer networks, Internet and distributed systems, which place at our disposal the necessary services to perform our daily tasks. Moreover, and unconsciously, all services and distributed systems require network management systems. These systems allow us to, in general, maintain, manage, configure, scale, adapt, modify, edit, protect or improve the main distributed systems. Their role is secondary and is unknown and transparent to the users. They provide the necessary support to maintain the distributed systems whose services we use every day. If we don’t consider network management systems during the development stage of main distributed systems, then there could be serious consequences or even total failures in the development of the distributed systems. It is necessary, therefore, to consider the management of the systems within the design of distributed systems and systematize their conception to minimize the impact of the management of networks within the project of distributed systems. In this paper, we present a formalization method of the conceptual modelling for design of a network management system through the use of formal modelling tools, thus allowing from the definition of processes to identify those responsible for these. Finally we will propose a use case to design a conceptual model intrusion detection system in network.

Teaching-learning process of historical heritage: a Journey as a beginning, path and end

The implantation of new university degrees within the European Higher Education Area implies the need of innovative methodologies in teaching and learning to improve the skills and competencies of students and to answer the growing needs that society continuously demands to heritage management experts. The present work shows an application of the teaching methodology proposed during the international workshop entitled “I International Planning Preservation Workshop. Learning from Al Andalus”, which included the participation of the University of Alicante and Granada, Università Politecnico di Milano and Hunter College City University of New York; where we tried to dissolve traditional boundaries derived of interuniversity cooperation programs. The main objective of the workshop was to discuss and debate the role of urban Historical Centers within the Global Heritage by the integrated work through multidisciplinary teams and the creation of a permanent international working group between these universities to both teach and research. The methodology of this workshop was very participatory and considered the idea of a new learning process generated by "a journey experience." A trip from global to local (from the big city to the small village) but also a trip from the local (historical) part of a big city to the global dimension of contemporary historical villages identified by the students through a system of exhibition panels in affinity groups, specific projects proposed by lecturers and teachers or the generation of publications in various areas (texts, photographs, videos, etc.). So, the participation of the students in this multidisciplinary meeting has enhanced their capacity for self-criticism in several disciplines and has promoted their ability to perform learning and research strategies in an autonomous way. As a result, it has been established a permanent international work structure for the development of projects of the Historical City. This relationship has generated the publication of several books whose contents have reflected the conclusions developed in the workshop and several teaching proposals shared between those institutions. All these aspects have generated a new way of understanding the teaching process through a journey, in order to study the representative role of university in the historical heritage and to make students (from planning, heritage management, architecture, geography, sociology, history or engineering areas) be compromised on searching strategies for sustainable development in the Contemporary City.

On the pragmatics of social theory. The case of Elias's "On the Process of Civilization"

This paper proposes a new approach to the study of sociological classics. This approach is pragmatic in character. It draws upon the social pragmatism of G.H. Mead and the sociology of texts of D.F. McKenzie. Our object of study is Norbert Elias’s On the Process of Civilization. The pragmatic genealogy of this book reveals the importance of taking materiality seriously. By documenting the successive entanglements between human agency and non-human factors, we discuss the origins of the book in the 1930s, how it was forgotten for thirty years, and how in the mid-1970s it became a sociological classic. We explain canonization as a matter of fusion between book’s material form and its content, in the context of the paperback revolution of the 1960s, the events of May 1968, and the demise of Parsons’ structural functionalism, and how this provided Elias with an opportunity to advance his model of sociology.

Perspectives in Resource Management and Climate Change Adaptation in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean. MEDPRO Policy Paper No. 6, March 2013

This policy paper focuses on the sustainable management of some key natural resources in southern and eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMCs) under climate change and anthropogenic pressures. In a business-as-usual and even more so in a failed cooperation scenario, water resources, ecosystems and biodiversity in the region are under stress, with negative consequences for agriculture, food security, tourism and development. However, proper adaptation strategies are shown to be effective in reconciling resource conservation with GDP, trade and population growth. These need be implemented in different ways: technological, institutional, behavioural; and at different levels: regional, national and international. There is ample room for fruitful cooperation between the EU and SEMCs in this area, which can take the form of EU direct financial and technical support when resources in SEMCs are scarce, and of multilateral and bilateral cooperation programmes to improve resource efficiency. The EU could also take on the role of coordinating these different bilateral actions and, at the same time, support SEMCs to establish a structured programme focused on the communication and dissemination of emerging best practices.

An evaluation of the resource recovery demonstration project, Baltimore, Maryland : executive summary /

Mode of access: Internet.

Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area (N.R.A.), land and resource management plan : environmental impact statement.

F also available on the internet.

Baker resource management plan : draft : environmental impact statement /

"BLM-OR-ES-86-011-1792"--P. [4] of cover.