Gaps between assistive technologies and dementia care

A growing number of people are now entering the elderly age category in Japan; this raises the likelihood of more persons with dementia, as the probability of becoming cognitively impaired increases with age. There is an increasing need for caregivers who are well trained and experienced and who can pay special attention to the needs of people with dementia. Technology can play an important role in helping such people and their caregivers. A lack of mutual understanding between caregivers and researchers regarding the appropriate uses of assistive technologies is another problem. We have described the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT), especially assistive technologies, and social issues as a first step towards developing a technology roadmap. © 2012 IEEE.

A matter of life and death: sociomateriality, information systems and critical care

Sociomateriality has been attracting growing attention in the Organization Studies and Information Systems literatures since 2007, with more than 140 journal articles now referring to the concept. Over 80 percent of these articles have been published since January 2011 and almost all cite the work of Orlikowski (2007, 2010; Orlikowski and Scott 2008) as the source of the concept. Only a few, however, address all of the notions that Orlikowski suggests are entailed in sociomateriality, namely materiality, inseparability, relationality, performativity, and practices, with many employing the concept quite selectively. The contribution of sociomateriality to these literatures is, therefore, still unclear. Drawing on evidence from an ongoing study of the adoption of a computer-based clinical information system in a hospital critical care unit, this paper explores whether the notions, individually and collectively, offer a distinctive and coherent account of the relationship between the social and the material that may be useful in Information Systems research. It is argued that if sociomateriality is to be more than simply a label for research employing a number of loosely related existing theoretical approaches, then studies employing the concept need to pay greater attention to the notions entailed in it and to differences in their interpretation.

A technology roadmap of assistive technologies for dementia care in Japan.

The number of elderly people in Japan is growing, which raises the issue of dementia, as the probability of becoming cognitively impaired increases with age. There is an increasing need for caregivers, who are well-trained, experienced and can pay special attention to the needs of people with dementia. Technology can play an important role in helping such people and their caregivers. A lack of mutual understanding between caregivers and researchers regarding the appropriate uses of assistive technologies is another problem. A vision of person-centred care based on the use of information and communication technology to maintain residents' autonomy and continuity in their lives is presented. Based on this vision, a roadmap and a list of challenges to realizing assistive technologies have been developed. The roadmap facilitates mutual understanding between caregivers and researchers, resulting in appropriate technologies to enhance the quality of life of people with dementia.

Volume-Time Curve: An Alternative for Endotracheal Tube Cuff Management

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous studies on endotracheal tube cuff pressure (CP) management, the literature has yet to establish a technique capable of adequately tilling the cuff with an appropriate volume of air while generating low CP in a less subjective way. the purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare the CP levels and air volume required to fill the endotracheal tubes cuff using 2 different techniques (volume-time curve versus minimal occlusive volume) in the immediate postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: A total of 267 subjects were analyzed. After the surgery, the lungs were ventilated using pressure controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, and the same ventilatory parameters were adjusted. Upon arrival in the ICU, the cuff was completely deflated and re-inflated, and at this point the volume of air to fill the cuff was adjusted using one of 2 randomly selected techniques: volume-time curve and minimal occlusive volume. We measured the volume of air injected into the cuff, the CP, and the expired tidal volume of the mechanical ventilation after the application of each technique. RESULTS: the volume-time curve technique demonstrated a significantly lower CP and a lower volume of air injected into the cuff, compared to the minimal occlusive volume technique (P < .001). No significant difference was observed in the expired tidal volume between the 2 techniques (P = .052). However, when the subjects were submitted to the minimal occlusive volume technique, 17% (n = 47) experienced air leakage as observed by the volume-time graph. CONCLUSIONS: the volume-time curve technique was associated with a lower CP and a lower volume of air injected into the cuff, when compared to the minimal occlusive volume technique in the immediate postoperative period after coronary artery bypass grafting. Therefore, the volume-time curve may be a more reliable alternative for endotracheal tube cuff management.

Evaluation of a national evidence-based health care course via teleconference in a developing country

Rationale, aims and objectives Continuing health education is essential but challenged. in 2006, the Brazilian Cochrane Center, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, launched a mass teaching initiative in evidence-based health care (EBH) for public-sector professionals via teleconferencing. This 152-hour, interactive EBH course has enrolled over 4500 professionals. This study aimed to assess the acquisition EBH knowledge and skills, as well as the attitudes and perceptions of a sample of students enrolled in the 2009 course via teleconferencing.Methods This prospective cohort study analyzed three aspects of this 152-hour EBH course that recruited 1040 volunteer participants, all public health sector employees working in 131 different hospitals or health agencies. Pre- and post-course tests using a modified version of the Berlin questionnaire with 20 multiple-choice questions were used to examine knowledge acquisition in a sample of 297 students. Tests were completed upon registration and at course completion. the research projects submitted by 872 participants were evaluated to assess skill acquisition. Answers to an anonymous survey assessed the attitudes and perceptions of 914 participants.Results There was a significant increase in knowledge from baseline to course completion (mean scores 8.2 +/- 3.3 versus 13.7 +/- 3.0, P < 0.001). Over 90% of the research projects were judged to be of adequate quality (appropriate rationale for the study, well-formulated research question and feasible execution); over 95% of the participants were satisfied with the course.Conclusion the Brazilian EBH course via teleconference improved the knowledge and skills of public-sector health professionals and was approved by the vast majority of students.

Cloud Computing - health care's silver lining.

Cloud computing is the technology prescription that will help the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) beat the budget constraints imposed as a consequence of the credit crunch. The internet based shared data and services resource will revolutionise the management of medical records and patient information while saving the NHS millions of pounds.

A review of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of education interventions to enable children, young people and their families to self-care for their gastrostomy tubes in the community.

A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of education interventions to enable children, young people and their families to self-care for their gastrostomy tubes in the community