公共政策制定程序对政策可接受性的影响

This research addresses the problems of public policy-making procedures. In conducting our research, we considered public policy as the allocation or reallocation of interests or resources among different members of the public. Due to limited resources, administrations should trade off all interests among different segments of society when formulating a policy. Unfortunately, in recent years there have been several mass conflicts with administration of public policy. This infers that some people’s interests were ignored or harmed by certain policies. According to the theory of procedural justice, people may accept the unexpected result if they consider the procedure is just. This research hypothesizes that there are certain problems in current policy-making procedures and that improving these procedures may make policies more acceptable. A pilot study was conducted by interviewing ten scholars from a range of disciplines. The interview record transcripts were coded by three analysts. The results indicate that: 1) Most of the scholars criticized current public policies as lacking sensitivity to public issues; 2) Most of them considered that current public policies do not resolve problems effectively; and 3) They all considered that psychology research may enhance awareness of public issues and improve the effectiveness of policy. In study 2, the procedure of public policy was tracked and compared with a social survey. The Beijing government would like to increase the taxi fare rate to cope with the rising price of petroleum. Although the majority of delegates in a hearing of witnesses supported the policy consideration, the social survey of 186 residents and 63 taxi drivers indicated that both of them oppose the consideration. The findings indicate that the hearing of witnesses was not able to delegate the opinions of the public, resulting in the policy failing to resolve the problem. Study 3 was a nonequivalent control group quasi-experiment. Visitors of two Internet Website were chosen as subjects for original photo games. For the experiment group, visitors were invited to express their desires and suggestions on the game rules for one week, and then declare rules referencing the suggestions before starting the game. Meanwhile, the control group simply declared the rules at the beginning of the game. Compared with the two games during 23 days, the experiment group submitted more photos than the control group. The results of this research imply that, the good will of policy makers is not enough to make a policy effective. Surveys on public attitudes at the beginning of the policy-making process can allow policy makers to better determine public issues, assess the tradeoff of public interests, help ensure policies are more acceptable, and help foster a harmonious society. The authors of this research suggest that psychology research should take more social level problems into account in the policy-making process.

上市公司经营管理者绩效－报酬与激励机制初探

This research aims at the CEO's (chief executive officer) incentive-reward system and investigates 456 companies that have come into the market. The structure and level of agent reward are analyzed. And the problem in the incentive-reward mechanism is brought forward. The agent's payments are poor comparing to their contributions. And stock is not a primary incentive. Bonus compensation is still the dominant incentive means. By questionnaire and interview, it was fond that matriel need was rank first among these CEOs'needs. These foundinds indicate that the agents' payment is too poor to work as an effective incentive. The corporation's agent incentive is not enough in fact. The two reasons about this problem lie in our institutions and traditional opinions about commerce. To solve this matter, we must establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system and incentive-reward system. At the same time, the market system and corporation management mechanism are absolutely need.

汉字音匹配和半球加工

This study explores hemispheric processing and relations during the homophone matching. In the literature summary, we review the past studies employing Tachistoscopic Presentation of Divided View Field (DVF) to the two hemispheres cooperation, and point out the different and complex opinions about both homophone matching and hemispheric processing. to some focuses, we handle this study by six behavioral experiments. First, under the condition of stimulus presenting simultaneously and function of graphic/semantic dimension, we study the bilateral/unilateral processing efficiency, the function on the level of synonym/similar grapheme. Main result shows, during homophone matching, bilateral processing is better than unilateral one, i.e., bilateral processing advantage rises. For further study whether the effects of transferring information between hemispheres will change along the time, combining with the paradigm of Priming, we make the stimulus present in the certain order; and under the function of graphic/semantic dimension, we also study the bilateral/unilateral processing efficiency, the function on the level of synonym/similar grapheme. Results show, there is semantic/graphic information which brings effects on homophone matching transferring between two hemispheres. And semantic/graphic information can be affected with the time, for example, when SOA = 210ms, the effect of semantic/graphic information disappears. When homophone present in the sequence, bilateral processing advantage also disappears, there are no significant differences between bilateral processing and unilateral one. In addition, we also explore whether sex differences exist during bilateral homophone matching, and we get, there are no significant differences between different sex. Among all experimental results, we also find several special phenomenon as the following example: 1) when stimuli presenting simultaneously during homophone matching on the level of synonym/similar grapheme, the processing effect of LVF(Left View Field) is better than RVF (Right View Field). 2) when stimuli presenting simultaneously, during homophone matching on the level of synonym/similar grapheme, one hemisphere may inhibit the other (because of the interference). to wrap up, under certain condition bilateral processing advantage is obtained, and during the interhemispheric interaction when homophone matching, some kind of information will relay between two hemispheres. And when two hemispheres cooperate, mutual inhibition (or interference) also follows. Further, interhemispheric interaction is closely connected with time, the attribution of stimuli, and so on. At last, a model is put forward to describe the coordinated process and the possible relations between two hemispheres.

A型行为核心特征与血管紧张素转换酶基因型相关性研究

In order to study the role of inherited factors and Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) in the development of CHD, the present study chose the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene as the target gene, and investigated the associations of TABP, the polymorphism of ACE gene with susceptibility to development of CHD in the healthy population and CHD patients from Northern China. 1. Correlation Analysis Between TABP and serum level of ACE in Chinese healthy individuals TABP and serum of ACE were determined in 137 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and the serum level of ACE. 2 The distribution charicteristics of ACE gene polymorphism frequencies and association with serum level of ACE in Chinese healthy individuals population The polymorphism of ACE gene and serum of ACE were determined in 137 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that: the ethnic differences in I/D polymorphism of ACE gene are obvious; deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with serum ACE level. 3. The relationship between insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and CHD in a Chinese population I/D polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in a study of 109 patients with CHD. The results showed: The frequencies of DD genotype(0.39) and D allele(0.63) were higher among the CHD group than among the control subjects(0.12 and 0.42 respectively, P < 0.01). Furthermore, MI and multivessel disease was more strongly associated with (P < 0.01). It is indicated that D allele and DD gentype of ACE might be an important risk factor for CHD, especially for MI or multivessel disease in Chinese population. 4. Correlation Analysis Between Type A Behavior Pattern and the Polymorphism of ACE Gene The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in 291 Chinese healthy individuals. The result showed that the higher frequency of rare D allele of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was found in type A behavior individuals compared with type B behavior individuals in 291 healthy individuals; there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and DD genotype of the ACE gene. It is suggested that the behavioral attributes of competitiveness, achievement striving, hostility, being irritated easily and impatience may be associated with heredity. 5. Correlation Analysis Between Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism, Type A Behavior Pattern and Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in 109 patients with CHD. The results showed the development of coronary heart disease(CHD) is influenced mainly by the behavioral attributes of competitiveness, achievement striving, hostility, being irritated easily and impatience; the deletion polymorphism of ACE gene may be play a important role in the process of it. 6. Correlation Analysis Between Type A Behavior Pattern Core Components and the Polymorphism of ACE Gene The polymorphism of ACE gene and type A behavior pattern (TABP) survey were determined in1306 Chinese healthy individuals. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the scores of CH in TABP invertory and DD genotype of the ACE gene. Furthermore, the behavioral attributes of hostility, being irritated easily and impatience may be associated with heredity. At the end of this research, in terms of theory, the research approaches of TABP and the factors influenced the relationship between TABP and CHD were explored and discussed. Furthermore, several new opinions were put forward.

What influences the timing of the introduction of solid food to infants?

The aim of the present study was to assess the factors which may influence the timing of the introduction of solid food to infants. The design was a prospective cohort study by interview and postal questionnaire. Primiparous women (n 541) aged between 16 and 40 years were approached in the Forth Park Maternity Hospital, Fife, Scotland. Of these, 526 women agreed to participate and seventy-eight were used as subjects in the pilot study. At 12 weeks we interviewed 338 women of the study sample. The postal questionnaire was returned by 286 of 448 volunteers. At 12 weeks 133 of 338 mothers said that they had introduced solids. Those that said that they had introduced solids early (<12 weeks) were compared with those who had introduced solids late (>12 weeks) by bivariate and multiple regression analysis. Psychosocial factors influencing the decision were measured with the main outcome measure being the time of introduction of solid food. The early introduction of solids was found to be associated with: the opinions of the infant's maternal grandmother; living in a deprived area; personal disagreement with the advice to wait until the baby was 4 months; lack of encouragement from friends to wait until the baby was 4 months; being in receipt of free samples of manufactured food. Answers to open-ended questions indicated that the early introduction appeared to be influenced by the mothers’ perceptions of the baby's needs. Some of the factors influencing a woman's decision to introduce solids are amenable to change, and these could be targeted in educational interventions.

Data-driven fuzzy rule generation and its application for student academic performance evaluation

K. Rasmani and Q. Shen. Data-driven fuzzy rule generation and its application for student academic performance evaluation. Applied Intelligence, 25(3):305-319, 2006.

Subsethood-based Fuzzy Rule Models and their Application to Student Performance

K. Rasmani and Q. Shen. Subsethood-based Fuzzy Rule Models and their Application to Student Performance Classification. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pages 755-760, 2005.

Przygotowanie uczniów szkół ponadgimnazjalnych do odbioru programów telewizyjnych (projekt edukacji polonistycznej)

Wydział Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej: Pracownia Innowacji Dydaktycznych

Od wielkich do małych narracji. Definiowanie sztuki w kulturze płynności

Wydział Nauk Społecznych: Instytut Kulturoznawstwa

Religijne motywy w tworczości syberyjskiego pisarza Wiktora Astafjewa

Wydział Neofilologii: Instytut Filologii Rosyjskiej

Wykładnia funkcjonalna a zmiana społeczno-polityczna. Studium teoretycznoprawne

Wydział Prawa i Administracji: Katedra Teorii i Filozofii Prawa

The Advanced Students’ Motivation for Explicit Learning of Grammar

The role of the explicit teaching and learning of grammar in the process of foreign language teaching is a very controversial issue. Language teachers and language teaching methodologists differ in their opinions as to whether grammar should be taught at all and, if so, what is the best way of presenting it. In order to find out students’ opinions on the usefulness of the explicit teaching and learning of grammar a questionnaire was given to fifty-one English majors studying in the Institute of English at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The results of the questionnaire reveal a very positive attitude on the part of the students towards the explicit learning of grammar. The deductive way of learning seems to be favoured by the majority of the respondents, who also unanimously point to translation as a very effective form of grammar exercise.

ŚWIAT W POLSKICH TYGODNIKACH OPINII

Polski dyskurs publiczny zdominowany jest przez kwestie lokalne. Artykuł podejmuje problem obecności problematyki globalnej i zagranicznej w polskim dyskursie publicznym w 2010 r. Przedstawia wybrane wątki analizy najbardziej poczytnych polskich tygodników opinii dwadzieścia lat po odzyskaniu niepodległości i pięć lat po wejściu do Unii Europejskiej: „Gościa Niedzielnego”, „Newsweek Polska”, „Polityki” i „Wprost”. Szczególny nacisk w artykule położono na wydobycie obecności w tym dyskursie głosów Innych i głosów Świadków. Poszczególne tygodniki różnią się istotnie pod tym względem. Tym, co zasługuje na szczególną uwagę, jest bardzo wyrazista obecność w trzech z czterech analizowanych tytułów głosów amerykańskich konserwatywnych i neokonserwatywnych publicystów i ekspertów.

„Wyłanianie” się podmiotu w autopojetycznie pojmowanej szkole

Istotą artykułu jest dookreślenia podmiotowości w systemie autopojetycznym, jakim może być szkoła. Na początku postaramy się dookreślić znaczenie rozumienia podmiotu i podmiotowości. Przy czym, poszukując ich źródłowych odniesień odwołamy się do myśli Arystotelesa i Kartezjusza, by następnie poddać je krytyce jako niespełnionych oczekiwań nowożytnej i współczesnej cywilizacji. Jednak, powołując się dalej na poglądy M. Heideggera w tym temacie, okazuje się, że podmiot może być traktowany zgoła inaczej niż opisuje to literatura przedmiotu. Przybliżając zatem inne ujęcie podmiotu, postaramy się wykazać, że wyłania się on na styku jego związku z osobowością, co sugeruje, że to właśnie kształcenie i kształtowanie powinno być traktowane jako najważniejsza dziedzina ludzkiej wiedzy. Dopełnienie tej tezy będzie zatem wymagało wyjaśnienia takich pojęć, jak: osobowość i praktyka edukacyjna. I skoro zatem praktyka edukacyjna jest tak istotna i dla kształtowania osobowości, i wyłaniania się podmiotu, to w dalszej części naszej wypowiedzi położymy nacisk na zinstytucjonalizowaną formę praktyki edukacyjnej czyli nauczanie klasowo-lekcyjne, traktowane jako układ autopojetyczny. Wyjaśnienie znaczenia tego układu będzie stanowić kolejną fazę toczonych tutaj rozważań, a ich celem będzie obrona poglądu, że to, co zostanie „wniesione” do klas szkolnych w postaci zasobów i reguł na początku każdego roku szkolnego, będzie się przekładać na kształtowanie i kształcenie osobowości, i tym samym na możliwości samodoświadczania „Się” podmiotowości. Ponieważ pogląd ten może budzić pewne zastrzeżenia, toteż powołamy się na pewne rozważania dotyczące istnienia tzw. podmiotu rekonstruującego, a więc takiego, który wpisany jest w sens istnienia np. projekcji filmowej, spektaklu teatralnego, czytanej książki.

Wokół problemów doradztwa w szkole. Percepcja pomocowych funkcji szkoły w narracjach rodzicielskich

The text titled Around the problems of school counseling. The perception of school supporting functions in parental narratives raised the issue of psycho-pedagogical support (which are part of variousforms of counseling) taking place in public education. Social contexts of school functioning were referred to the three-step model of school counseling, where the components are: student problem identification, psycho-pedagogical intervention and support in consolidating and strengthening the student's ongoing changes (preparing for independence). Practical dimension of this model is trying to introduce new formal regulations of the psycho-pedagogical aid at school, which define the potential aid recipients (students with special educational needs, parents, teachers), its organizational formsand general principles. In the context of these provisions the qualitative analysis of school supporting functions is shown in the point of view of parents (the research illustration with the use of narrative interview technique), which identified a series of controversies and dilemmas in realization of broader institutional psycho-pedagogical aid.