An artificial neural network model for prediction of quality characteristics of apples during convective dehydration

In this study, the effects of hot-air drying conditions on color, water holding capacity, and total phenolic content of dried apple were investigated using artificial neural network as an intelligent modeling system. After that, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the drying conditions. Apples were dried at different temperatures (40, 60, and 80 °C) and at three air flow-rates (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s). Applying the leave-one-out cross validation methodology, simulated and experimental data were in good agreement presenting an error < 2.4 %. Quality index optimal values were found at 62.9 °C and 1.0 m/s using genetic algorithm.

Estimating microalgae Synechococcus nidulans daily biomass concentration using neuro-fuzzy network

In this study, a neuro-fuzzy estimator was developed for the estimation of biomass concentration of the microalgae Synechococcus nidulans from initial batch concentrations, aiming to predict daily productivity. Nine replica experiments were performed. The growth was monitored daily through the culture medium optic density and kept constant up to the end of the exponential phase. The network training followed a full 3³ factorial design, in which the factors were the number of days in the entry vector (3,5 and 7 days), number of clusters (10, 30 and 50 clusters) and internal weight softening parameter (Sigma) (0.30, 0.45 and 0.60). These factors were confronted with the sum of the quadratic error in the validations. The validations had 24 (A) and 18 (B) days of culture growth. The validations demonstrated that in long-term experiments (Validation A) the use of a few clusters and high Sigma is necessary. However, in short-term experiments (Validation B), Sigma did not influence the result. The optimum point occurred within 3 days in the entry vector, 10 clusters and 0.60 Sigma and the mean determination coefficient was 0.95. The neuro-fuzzy estimator proved a credible alternative to predict the microalgae growth.

Median ja journalismin tulevaisuuksia 2030 luotaavan kyselyn tulokset

Kysely liittyy Tulevaisuuden tutkimuskeskuksessa käynnissä olevaan Media -hankkeeseen (Median uudet roolit ja tehtävät digitaalisessa merkitysyhteiskunnassa 2030): www.utu.fi/fi/yksikot/ffrc/tutkimus/hankkeet/Sivut/medeia.aspx ja medeiablog.wordpress.com.

Luonnonhaltijat ‒ haltijoita luonnonympäristössä? : Nature spirits : continuity and change : Conference of Belief Narrative Network of ISFNR, Zugdidi, Georgia 1.‒4.10.2014

Konferenssiraportti

Electrical Safety of Island Operated Low Voltage DC Network

Today, renewable energy technologies and modern power electronics have made it feasible to implement low voltage direct current (LVDC) microgrids (MGs) ca-pable to island operation. Such LVDC networks are particularly useful in remote areas. However, there are still pending issues in island operated LVDC MGs like electrical safety and controlled operation, which should be addressed before wide-scale implementation. This thesis is focused on the overall protection of an island operated LVDC network concept, including protection against electrical shocks, mains equipment protection and protection of photovoltaic (PV) power sources and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The topic is approached through ex-amination of the safety hazards and the appropriate methods to protect against them, comprising considerations for earthing system selection and realisation of the protection system.

Item-level life-cycle model for maintenance network – from cost to additional value

The importance of industrial maintenance has been emphasized during the last decades; it is no longer a mere cost item, but one of the mainstays of business. Market conditions have worsened lately, investments in production assets have decreased, and at the same time competition has changed from taking place between companies to competition between networks. Companies have focused on their core functions and outsourced support services, like maintenance, above all to decrease costs. This new phenomenon has led to increasing formation of business networks. As a result, a growing need for new kinds of tools for managing these networks effectively has arisen. Maintenance costs are usually a notable part of the life-cycle costs of an item, and it is important to be able to plan the future maintenance operations for the strategic period of the company or for the whole life-cycle period of the item. This thesis introduces an itemlevel life-cycle model (LCM) for industrial maintenance networks. The term item is used as a common definition for a part, a component, a piece of equipment etc. The constructed LCM is a working tool for a maintenance network (consisting of customer companies that buy maintenance services and various supplier companies). Each network member is able to input their own cost and profit data related to the maintenance services of one item. As a result, the model calculates the net present values of maintenance costs and profits and presents them from the points of view of all the network members. The thesis indicates that previous LCMs for calculating maintenance costs have often been very case-specific, suitable only for the item in question, and they have also been constructed for the needs of a single company, without the network perspective. The developed LCM is a proper tool for the decision making of maintenance services in the network environment; it enables analysing the past and making scenarios for the future, and offers choices between alternative maintenance operations. The LCM is also suitable for small companies in building active networks to offer outsourcing services for large companies. The research introduces also a five-step constructing process for designing a life-cycle costing model in the network environment. This five-step designing process defines model components and structure throughout the iteration and exploitation of user feedback. The same method can be followed to develop other models. The thesis contributes to the literature of value and value elements of maintenance services. It examines the value of maintenance services from the perspective of different maintenance network members and presents established value element lists for the customer and the service provider. These value element lists enable making value visible in the maintenance operations of a networked business. The LCM added with value thinking promotes the notion of maintenance from a “cost maker” towards a “value creator”.

Rajavartiolaitoksen sosiaalisen median virkakäytön mahdollisuudet ja riskit

Valtionhallintoa kannustetaan avoimeen viestintään ja aktiiviseen vuorovaikutukseen kansalaisten kanssa. Sosiaalisen median käytöllä on tässä kasvava merkitys. Viranomaiset ovatkin tulleet yksityishenkilöiden ja yritysten rinnalle sosiaalisen median hyödyntäjinä. Suomessa esimerkiksi Poliisi ja Puolustusvoimat ovat olleet sosiaalisessa mediassa aktiivisia. Tämän tutkimuksen lähtökohtana oli Rajavartiolaitoksen sosiaalisen median virkakäytön tarkastelu. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisia mahdollisuuksia sosiaalisen median käyttö tarjoaa Rajavartiolaitokselle ja mitä riskejä sen käyttö synnyttää. Mahdollisuuksien tarkastelun taustalla oli ajatus asiakkaille suunnatusta viestinnästä, mikä ohjasi ulkoisen viestinnän näkökulman valintaan. Riskien tarkastelun näkökulmana oli se, mitä riskejä sosiaalisen median käyttö synnyttää Rajavartiolaitokselle. Tutkimus oli asiakirjatutkimus, jonka aineisto koostettiin viranomaisviestintää ja sosiaalista mediaa sekä Rajavartiolaitosta ja sen viestintää käsittelevistä tutkimuksista, selvityksistä, asiakirjoista, ohjeista sekä lehti- ja verkkojulkaisuista. Aineiston analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysia. Tutkimustulosten perusteella sosiaalinen media tarjoaa Rajavartiolaitokselle lukuisia hyödyntämismahdollisuuksia. Jotkin havaituista mahdollisuuksista ovat yhteisiä organisaatioille yleisesti. Tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi avoimuuden lisääminen, kansalaismielipiteen luotaaminen, verkostoituminen ja kustannustehokkuus. Jotkin mahdollisuudet ovat käyttökelpoisia erityisesti turvallisuusviranomaisille, ja näistä jotkut yksilöityvät vain Rajavartiolaitokseen. Tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi älypuhelinsovellusten hyödyntäminen hätä- ja häiriötilanteissa, rajanylitysliikenteen sujuvuuden parantamiseen tähtäävä viestintä ja joukkoistaminen. Sosiaalisen median virkakäytössä syntyvät riskit aiheutuvat joko käyttäjän toiminnasta tai sosiaalisen median ominaisuuksista. Riskit voivat kohdentua joko Rajavartiolaitoksen sosiaalisen median käyttöön tai muuhun Rajavartiolaitoksen toimintaan. Tutkimuksessa havaitut riskit ovat lähes poikkeuksetta yleistettävissä myös muita turvallisuusviranomaisia koskeviksi. Riskejä ovat esimerkiksi työajan suunnittelun ongelmat, virkamiehenä ja yksityishen-kilönä esiintymisen rajan hämärtyminen sekä haitallisen tiedon hallitsematon leviäminen. Tulosten perusteella Rajavartiolaitoksen olisi syytä nykyistä tarkemmin ohjeistaa ja koordinoida sosiaalisen median käyttöään. Sosiaalinen median mahdollisuudet on otettava huomioon viestintää suunniteltaessa, jotta viestinnästä saadaan mahdollisimman tehokasta. Myös sosiaalisen median käytön synnyttämien riskien hallinta edellyttää nykyistä laajempaa sosiaalisen median käytön ohjeistusta.

Optimization of Transportation System by Tailored Logistics Network: A Case Study in Automotive Industry

This thesis aims to redesign the supply chain system in an automotive industry in order to obtain space reduction in the inventory by using tailored logistics network. The redesigning process by tailored supply chain will combine all possible shipment methods including direct shipment, milk-run, milk-run via distribution center and Kanban delivery. The current supply chain system in Nissan goes rather well when the production volume is in moderate level. However, when the production volume is high, there is a capacity problem in the warehouse to accommodate all delivered parts from suppliers. Hence, the optimization of supply chain system is needed in order to obtain efficient logistics process and effective inventory consumption. The study will use primary data for both qualitative and quantitative approach as the research methods. Qualitative data will be collected by conducting interviews with people related to procurement and inventory control. Quantitative data consists of list of suppliers with their condition in several parameters which will be evaluated and analyzed by using scoring method to assign the most suitable transportation network to each suppliers for improvement of inventory reduction in a cost efficient manner.