Variables that influence the real-ear response of the TDH-49 earphone

This paper discusses a study performed to determine whether anatomical features of the outer ear affect the sound stimulus delivered by earphone to the tympanic membrane.

Operations on Risk Variables

In the article the author considers and analyzes operations and functions on risk variables. She takes into account the following variables: the sum of risk variables, its product, multiplication by a constant, division, maximum, minimum and median of a sum of random variables. She receives the formulas for probability distribution and basic distribution parameters. She conducts the analysis for dependent and independent random variables. She propose the examples of the situations in the economy and production management of risk modelled by this operations. The analysis is conducted with the way of mathematical proving. Some of the formulas presented are taken from the literature but others are the permanent results of the author.

Análisis y preparación estadística de variables para el diseño de un modelo credit score de gestión de riesgo de crédito

El presente estudio busca enfatizar la labor previa a la construcción de cualquier modelo de gestión de riesgo crediticio basado en un sistema tipo scoring. Esta importante fase inicial involucra la identificación de las fuentes de información, la verificación de la cantidad y calidad de los datos, la determinación y tipificación de variables cualitativas, cuantitativas, demográficas, así como la verificación y cuantificación del poder discriminante de dichas variables respecto el objetivo planteado. Con este fin se profundiza en el análisis estadístico a nivel descriptivo, en forma individual y conjunta de los datos, además de bosquejar los pasos esenciales en la arquitectura de un modelo credit score de gestión de riesgo crediticio.

Gestión de riesgo de crédito de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito Maquita Cushunchic: análisis y preparación estadística de variables para el diseño de un modelo Credit Score de cartera de consumo

El presente estudio busca analizar y preparar estadísticamente un conjunto de variables para el diseño de un modelo de aprobación CREDIT SCORE de cartera de consumo, tipo probabilístico, que apoye al oficial de crédito en la toma de la decisión antes de conceder o no un crédito de consumo; para que la decisión no sea subjetiva sino objetiva, medible (probabilística) apoyada en una ecuación que contenga sustento teórico y empírico dado por la base de datos histórica de la Cooperativa de ahorro y crédito Maquita Cushunchic. En la presente tesis partimos con fundamentación teórica que sustenta nuestro trabajo de investigación. En el segundo capítulo se realiza un diagnostico situacional de la empresa, donde se define la visión, la misión y definición de temas estratégicos. En el tercer capítulo realizaremos un análisis y preparación estadística de variables para el diseño de un modelo de aprobación CREDIT SCORE de cartera de consumo, esta fase involucra “la identificación de las fuentes de información, la verificación de cantidad y calidad de los datos, la determinación y tipificación de variables cualitativas, cuantitativas y demográficas, así como la verificación y cuantificación del poder discriminante de dichas variables respecto al objetivo planteado” 1, todo esto se lo realiza con el objetivo de aplicar un concepto de sistemas de calificación de crédito que se define de la siguiente manera: “la calificación supone que el desempeño de los prestamos futuros con características dadas, será parecido al desempeño de los prestamos pasados con características similares"2. Lo que se busca finalmente es que el modelo sea una herramienta de apoyo empírico que ayude a la toma de decisiones antes de conceder o no un credito. Finalmente termina este trabajo formulando conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Desarrollo de un Score de crédito para el financiamiento automotríz, con base en el análisis estadístico de variables

El mercado automotriz en el Ecuador es uno de los sectores que dinamiza la economía; a través de la producción e importación de vehículos y la comercialización de estos. El crecimiento de este sector en los últimos años ha sido constante y sostenido, al igual que el incremento de financiamientos otorgados a los consumidores o sujetos de crédito para la compra de un vehículo. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito el desarrollo de un score de crédito para el financiamiento automotriz que permita identificar a los buenos y malos solicitantes y así decidir entre otorgar o no el crédito. Para ello se han desarrollado cuatro capítulos. En el primer capítulo se realiza una introducción sobre el mercado automotriz su producción, niveles de importación, cadena de distribución, y otros; además de la composición del parque automotor y problemas de movilidad y el comportamiento de compra y los niveles de crédito automotriz. En el segundo capítulo se trata sobre la base de datos de las organizaciones y los tipos de variables que pueden contener y se explica los tipos de modelos de regresiones que se pueden realizar. En el tercer capítulo se define al modelo de score de crédito y los pasos a seguir para la construcción de este. En el cuarto capítulo se desarrollan todos los pasos para la construcción del score de crédito y en quinto capítulo se encuentran las conclusiones y recomendaciones del presente trabajo.

Variables associated with nest survival of Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) among vegetation communities commonly used for nesting

Among shrubland- and young forest-nesting bird species in North America, Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are one of the most rapidly declining partly because of limited nesting habitat. Creation and management of high quality vegetation communities used for nesting are needed to reduce declines. Thus, we examined whether common characteristics could be managed across much of the Golden-winged Warbler’s breeding range to increase daily survival rate (DSR) of nests. We monitored 388 nests on 62 sites throughout Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. We evaluated competing DSR models in spatial-temporal (dominant vegetation type, population segment, state, and year), intraseasonal (nest stage and time-within-season), and vegetation model suites. The best-supported DSR models among the three model suites suggested potential associations between daily survival rate of nests and state, time-within-season, percent grass and Rubus cover within 1 m of the nest, and distance to later successional forest edge. Overall, grass cover (negative association with DSR above 50%) and Rubus cover (DSR lowest at about 30%) within 1 m of the nest and distance to later successional forest edge (negative association with DSR) may represent common management targets across our states for increasing Golden-winged Warbler DSR, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains population segment. Context-specific adjustments to management strategies, such as in wetlands or areas of overlap with Blue-winged Warblers (Vermivora cyanoptera), may be necessary to increase DSR for Golden-winged Warblers.

Estimating the spatial scales of regionalized variables by nested sampling, hierarchical analysis of variance and residual maximum likelihood

The variogram is essential for local estimation and mapping of any variable by kriging. The variogram itself must usually be estimated from sample data. The sampling density is a compromise between precision and cost, but it must be sufficiently dense to encompass the principal spatial sources of variance. A nested, multi-stage, sampling with separating distances increasing in geometric progression from stage to stage will do that. The data may then be analyzed by a hierarchical analysis of variance to estimate the components of variance for every stage, and hence lag. By accumulating the components starting from the shortest lag one obtains a rough variogram for modest effort. For balanced designs the analysis of variance is optimal; for unbalanced ones, however, these estimators are not necessarily the best, and the analysis by residual maximum likelihood (REML) will usually be preferable. The paper summarizes the underlying theory and illustrates its application with data from three surveys, one in which the design had four stages and was balanced and two implemented with unbalanced designs to economize when there were more stages. A Fortran program is available for the analysis of variance, and code for the REML analysis is listed in the paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estimating the spatial scales of regionalized variables by nested sampling, hierarchical analysis of variance and residual maximum likelihood

The variogram is essential for local estimation and mapping of any variable by kriging. The variogram itself must usually be estimated from sample data. The sampling density is a compromise between precision and cost, but it must be sufficiently dense to encompass the principal spatial sources of variance. A nested, multi-stage, sampling with separating distances increasing in geometric progression from stage to stage will do that. The data may then be analyzed by a hierarchical analysis of variance to estimate the components of variance for every stage, and hence lag. By accumulating the components starting from the shortest lag one obtains a rough variogram for modest effort. For balanced designs the analysis of variance is optimal; for unbalanced ones, however, these estimators are not necessarily the best, and the analysis by residual maximum likelihood (REML) will usually be preferable. The paper summarizes the underlying theory and illustrates its application with data from three surveys, one in which the design had four stages and was balanced and two implemented with unbalanced designs to economize when there were more stages. A Fortran program is available for the analysis of variance, and code for the REML analysis is listed in the paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of postnatal depression on mother-infant interaction, infant response to the still-face perturbation, and performance on an instrumental learning task

A representative community sample of primiparous depressed women and a nondepressed control group were assessed while in interaction with their infants at 2 months postpartum. At 3 months, infants were assessed on the Still-face perturbation of face to face interaction, and a subsample completed an Instrumental Learning paradigm. Compared to nondepressed women, depressed mothers' interactions were both less contingent and less affectively attuned to infant behavior. Postnatal depression did not adversely affect the infant's performance in either the Still-face perturbation or the Instrumental Learning assessment. Maternal responsiveness in interactions at 2 months predicted the infant's performance in the Instrumental Learning assessment but not in the Still-face perturbation. The implications of these findings for theories of infant cognitive and emotional development are discussed.

The Namib Sand Sea digital database of aeolian dunes and key forcing variables

A new digital atlas of the geomorphology of the Namib Sand Sea in southern Africa has been developed. This atlas incorporates a number of databases including a digital elevation model (ASTER and SRTM) and other remote sensing databases that cover climate (ERA-40) and vegetation (PAL and GIMMS). A map of dune types in the Namib Sand Sea has been derived from Landsat and CNES/SPOT imagery. The atlas also includes a collation of geochronometric dates, largely derived from luminescence techniques, and a bibliographic survey of the research literature on the geomorphology of the Namib dune system. Together these databases provide valuable information that can be used as a starting point for tackling important questions about the development of the Namib and other sand seas in the past, present and future.