Durabilité aux cycles de gel-dégel de bétons fabriqués avec des liants binaires et ternaires

La dégradation du béton associée à l’exposition en ambiance hivernale rigoureuse est une problématique connue en Amérique du Nord en raison de la sévérité du climat en période hivernale. Un des types de dégradation, la fissuration interne, se manifeste par l'apparition d'une intense microfissuration du béton en surface, mais aussi à l'intérieur de la masse. Celle-ci peut conduire à une perte de cohésion du matériau, réduisant ses caractéristiques mécaniques et sa perméabilité. Dans un souci de développement durable et de recherche performancielle, des liants ternaires, comprenant des ajouts minéraux autre que la fumée de silice ont été développés. Les études scientifiques portant sur l’influence du facteur d’espacement à ce type de dégradation sont peu nombreuses, voire inexistantes. Il est par conséquent important de vérifier si les spécifications actuelles permettent d’assurer la confection d’un matériau durable au gel. Dans ce mémoire, nous avons étudié l’influence du facteur d’espacement, du paramètre E/L, de l’influence du type de superplastifiant et d’un granulat marginal sur la résistance à la fissuration interne des bétons en utilisant l’essai accéléré normalisé ASTM C666, procédure A lors de l’utilisation de liants ternaires. Une grande partie de cette recherche a porté sur l’étude de la relation entre le facteur d’espacement et la tenue aux cycles gel-dégel des bétons. Le projet s’est divisé en 4 phases, la première a permis de déterminer un intervalle contenant le facteur d’espacement critique pour chacun des liants étudiés. Il est ainsi établi qu’il est nécessaire d’avoir un facteur d’espacement inférieur à 340 µm pour assurer la durabilité des bétons V-S formulés à partir de liants ternaires. La deuxième phase a montré que le type de superplastifiant n’influe pas sur le facteur d’espacement critique, mais change les caractéristiques du réseau d’air à l’état frais. La troisième phase a porté sur l’analyse de l’influence d’une variation du rapport E/L sur la durabilité au gel-dégel. Il en résulte qu’une variation dans les limites permises n’a pas d’incidence sur le facteur d’espacement critique tant que les hypothèses restent dans l’intervalle prescrit par le tome VII de la norme 3101. La dernière et quatrième phase a permis de montrer que le granulat marginal sélectionné n’a pas d’incidence particulière sur la résistance au gel-dégel en fissuration interne.

Safe lipid nanocapsule-based gel technology to target lymph nodes and combat mediastinal metastases from an orthotopic non-small-cell lung cancer model in SCID-CB17 mice

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Physico-chemical properties of sol-gel synthesized titanosilicates for the uptake of radionuclides from aqueous solutions

Harnessing the power of nuclear reactions has brought huge benefits in terms of nuclear energy, medicine and defence as well as risks including the management of nuclear wastes. One of the main issues for radioactive waste management is liquid radioactive waste (LRW). Different methods have been applied to remediate LRW, thereunder ion exchange and adsorption. Comparative studies have demonstrated that Na2Ti2O3SiO4·2H2O titanosilicate sorption materials are the most promising in terms of Cs+ and Sr2+ retention from LRW. Therefore these TiSi materials became the object of this study. The recently developed in Ukraine sol-gel method of synthesizing these materials was chosen among the other reported approaches since it allows obtaining the TiSi materials in the form of particles with size ≥ 4mm. utilizing inexpensive and bulk stable inorganic precursors and yielded the materials with desirable properties by alteration of the comparatively mild synthesis conditions. The main aim of this study was to investigate the physico-chemical properties of sol-gel synthesized titanosilicates for radionuclide uptake from aqueous solutions. The effect of synthesis conditions on the structural and sorption parameters of TiSi xerogels was planned to determine in order to obtain a highly efficient sorption material. The ability of the obtained TiSis to retain Cs+, Sr2+ and other potentially toxic metal cations from the synthetic and real aqueous solutions was intended to assess. To our expectations, abovementioned studies will illustrate the efficiency and profitability of the chosen synthesis approach, synthesis conditions and the obtained materials. X-ray diffraction, low temperature adsorption/desorption surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for xerogels characterization. The sorption capability of the synthesized TiSi gels was studied as a function of pH, adsorbent mass, initial concentration of target ion, contact time, temperature, composition and concentration of the background solution. It was found that the applied sol-gel approach yielded materials with a poorly crystalline sodium titanosilicate structure under relatively mild synthesis conditions. The temperature of HTT has the strongest influence on the structure of the materials and consequently was concluded to be the control factor for the preparation of gels with the desired properties. The obtained materials proved to be effective and selective for both Sr2+ and Cs+ decontamination from synthetic and real aqueous solutions like drinking, ground, sea and mine waters, blood plasma and liquid radioactive wastes.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de verificação dosimétrica tridimensional utilizando Solução Fricke gel na aplicação para a verificação da Radioterapia em Arco Modulado Volumétrico (VMAT) nos tratamentos com movimentação do alvo pela respiração

Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)

An electroanalytical application of 2-aminothiazole-modified silica gel after adsorption and separation of Hg(II) from heavy metals in aqueous solution

2-Aminothiazole covalently attached to a silica gel surface was prepared in order to obtain an adsorbent for Hg(II) ions having the following characteristics: good sorption capacity, chemical stability under conditions of use, and, especially, high selectivity. The accumulation voltammetry of mercury(II) was investigated at a carbon paste electrode chemically modified with silica gel functionalized with 2-aminothiazole (SIAMT-CPE). The repetitive cyclic voltammogram of mercury(II) solution in the potential range -0.2 to + 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl (0.02 mol L-1 KNO3; V = 20 mV s(-1)) show two peaks one at about 0.1 V and other at 0.205 V. The anodic wave peak at 0.205 V is well defined and does not change during the cycles and it was therefore further investigated for analytical purposes using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry in differents supporting electrolytes. The mercury response was evaluated with respect to pH, electrode composition, preconcentration time, mercury concentration, cleaning solution, possible interferences and other variables. The precision for six determinations (n = 6) of 0.02 and 0.20 mg L-1 Hg(II) was 4.1 and 3.5% (relative standard deviation), respectively. The detection limit was estimated as 0.10 mu g L-1 mercury(II) by means of 3:1 current-to-noise ratio in connection with the optimization of the various parameters involved and using the highest-possible analyser sensitivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.