An Effective Path Protection Method to Attain the Route Stability in MANET

With the increasing popularity of wireless network and its application, mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS) emerged recently. MANET topology is highly dynamic in nature and nodes are highly mobile so that the rate of link failure is more in MANET. There is no central control over the nodes and the control is distributed among nodes and they can act as either router or source. MANTEs have been considered as isolated stand-alone network. Node can add or remove at any time and it is not infrastructure dependent. So at any time at any where the network can setup and a trouble free communication is possible. Due to more chances of link failures, collisions and transmission errors in MANET, the maintenance of network became costly. As per the study more frequent link failures became an important aspect of diminishing the performance of the network and also it is not predictable. The main objective of this paper is to study the route instability in AODV protocol and suggest a solution for improvement. This paper proposes a new approach to reduce the route failure by storing the alternate route in the intermediate nodes. In this algorithm intermediate nodes are also involved in the route discovery process. This reduces the route establishment overhead as well as the time to find the reroute when a link failure occurs.

Ecolabeling and Green Certification for Effective Fisheries Management – An Analysis

Nowadays there is a growing environmental concern and the business communities have slowly started recognising environmental protection and sustainable utilization of natural resources into their marketing strategies. This paper discusses the various Ecolabeling and Certification Systems developed world over to regulate and introduce Fair Trade in Ornamental Fish Industry. Ecolabeling and green certification are considered as part of these strategies implemented partly out of compulsion from the National and International Regulatory Bodies and Environmental Movements. All the major markets of ornamental fishes like European Union, USA and Japan have started putting restrictions on the trade to impose ecolabeling as a non tariff barrier like the one imposed on seafood and aqua cultured products. A review was done on the available Ecolabeling and Green Certification Schemes available at local, national and international levels for fisheries including aquaculture and ornamental fish trade and to examine the success and constraints faced by these schemes during its implementation. The primary downside of certification is the multiplicity of ecolabels and cost incurred by applicants for certification, costs which may in turn be passed on to consumers. The studies reveal serious inadequacies in a number of ecolabels and cast doubt on their overall contribution to effective fisheries management and sustainability. The paper also discusses the inititive taken in India to develop guidelines for Green Certification of Fresh water ornamental fishes.

Estimation of Effective Impervious Surface Area of Cochin using Satellite Images

Urbanization refers to the process in which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and suburbs. Urbanization fuels the alteration of the Land use/Land cover pattern of the region including increase in built-up area, leading to imperviousness of the ground surface. With increasing urbanization and population pressures; the impervious areas in the cities are increasing fast. An impervious surface refers to an anthropogenic ally modified surface that prevents water from infiltrating into the soil. Surface imperviousness mapping is important for the studies related to water cycling, water quality, soil erosion, flood water drainage, non-point source pollution, urban heat island effect and urban hydrology. The present study estimates the Total Impervious Area (TIA) of the city of Kochi using high resolution satellite image (LISS IV, 5m. resolution). Additionally the study maps the Effective Impervious Area (EIA) by coupling the capabilities of GIS and Remote Sensing. Land use/Land cover map of the study area was prepared from the LISS IV image acquired for the year 2012. The classes were merged to prepare a map showing pervious and impervious area. Supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification (Supervised MLC),which is a simple but accurate method for image classification, is used in calculating TIA and an overall classification accuracy of 86.33% was obtained. Water bodies are 100% pervious, whereas urban built up area are 100% impervious. Further based on percentage of imperviousness, the Total Impervious Area is categorized into various classes

CuInS2/In2S3 Cells using a Cost-effective Technique: Significance of Precursor Ratios on Cell Parameters

Thin film solar cells having structure CuInS2/In2S3 were fabricated using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique over ITO coated glass. Top electrode was silver film (area 0.05 cm2). Cu/In ratio and S/Cu in the precursor solution for CuInS2 were fixed as 1.2 and 5 respectively. In/S ratio in the precursor solution for In2S3 was fixed as 1.2/8. An efficiency of 0.6% (fill factor -37.6%) was obtained. Cu diffusion to the In2S3 layer, which deteriorates junction properties, is inevitable in CuInS2/In2S3 cell. So to decrease this effect and to ensure a Cu-free In2S3 layer at the top of the cell, Cu/In ratio was reduced to 1. Then a remarkable increase in short circuit current density was occurred from 3 mA/cm2 to 14.8 mA/cm2 and an efficiency of 2.13% was achieved. Also when In/S ratio was altered to 1.2/12, the short circuit current density increased to 17.8 mA/cm2 with an improved fill factor of 32% and efficiency remaining as 2%. Thus Cu/In and In/S ratios in the precursor solutions play a crucial role in determining the cell parameters

Operational Flexibility: A Model for Effective Project Management

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of operational flexibility for effective project management in the construction industry. The specific objectives are to: a) Identify the determinants of operational flexibility potential in construction project management b) Investigate the contribution of each of the determinants to operational flexibility potential in the construction industry c) Investigate on the moderating factors of operational flexibility potential in a construction project environment d) Investigate whether moderated operational flexibility potential mediates the path between predictors and effective construction project management e) Develop and test a conceptual model of achieving operational flexibility for effective project management The purpose of this study is to findout ways to utilize flexibility inorder to manage uncertain project environment and ultimately achieve effective project management. In what configuration these operational flexibility determinants are demanded by construction project environment in order to achieve project success. This research was conducted in three phases, namely: (i) exploratory phase (ii) questionnaire development phase; and (iii) data collection and analysis phase. The study needs firm level analysis and therefore real estate developers who are members of CREDAI, Kerala Chapter were considered. This study provides a framework on the functioning of operational flexibility, offering guidance to researchers and practitioners for discovering means to gain operational flexibility in construction firms. The findings provide an empirical understanding on kinds of resources and capabilities a construction firm must accumulate to respond flexibly to the changing project environment offering practitioners insights into practices that build firms operational flexibility potential. Firms are dealing with complex, continuous changing and uncertain environments due trends of globalization, technical changes and innovations and changes in the customers’ needs and expectations. To cope with the increasingly uncertain and quickly changing environment firms strive for flexibility. To achieve the level of flexibility that adds value to the customers, firms should look to flexibility from a day to day operational perspective. Each dimension of operational flexibility is derived from competences and capabilities. In this thesis only the influence on customer satisfaction and learning exploitation of flexibility dimensions which directly add value in the customers eyes are studied to answer the followingresearch questions: “What is the impact of operational flexibility on customer satisfaction?.” What are the predictors of operational flexibility in construction industry? .These questions can only be answered after answering the questions like “Why do firms need operational flexibility?” and “how can firms achieve operational flexibility?” in the context of the construction industry. The need for construction firms to be flexible, via the effective utilization of organizational resources and capabilities for improved responsiveness, is important because of the increasing rate of changes in the business environment within which they operate. Achieving operational flexibility is also important because it has a significant correlation with a project effectiveness and hence a firm’s turnover. It is essential for academics and practitioners to recognize that the attainment of operational flexibility involves different types namely: (i) Modification (ii) new product development and (iii) demand management requires different configurations of predictors (i.e., resources, capabilities and strategies). Construction firms should consider these relationships and implement appropriate management practices for developing and configuring the right kind of resources, capabilities and strategies towards achieving different operational flexibility types.

Creating Effective Conference Posters

A PowerPoint presentation that outlines the key issues that people planning a conference poster need to consider.

Creating Effective Conference Posters

This is a 9-minute narrated video of the PowerPoint presentation of the same name

Navigating the page: an academic guide to effective reading

This guide introduces you to the various reading styles that will help you get through your research most effectively. It gives tips on how to skim read, and also how to read critically.

Internal Displacement, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the Principles Normative Status, and the Need for their Effective Domestic Implementation in Colombia.

El artículo analiza el fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado alrededor del mundo, así como la génesis del mandato de las Naciones Unidas para luchar contra este problema. Examina las conclusiones clave del estudio de la ONU que encontró que las normas existentes del derecho internacional tienen varios vacíos y zonas grises relativos a las necesidades de los desplazados internos. También analiza los orígenes y el contenido de los principios guía del desplazamiento interno, así como el estatus normativo de los mismos. Así mismo, sugiere que, a pesar de no ser vinculante para los Estados, estos principios guía se convirtieron en la expresión más autorizada de los estándares mínimos aplicables a los desplazados internos como consecuencia de la práctica estatal, es decir, que la mayoría de estos principios se volverán costumbre internacional. El artículo también señala la necesidad de que haya una implementación efectiva en el derecho interno de estos principios guía; examina cómo las autoridades gubernamentales, la Corte Constitucional y la sociedad civil en Colombia, así como las entidades intergubernamentales, respondieron a la crisis del desplazamiento interno en el país. Observando el marco legal colombiano en desplazamiento interno, el artículo concluye que el Estado no ha tomado las medidas necesarias requeridas para prevenir futuros desplazamientos o para asegurar una protección y asistencia efectivas para resolver las necesidades de los desplazados internos.

Effective teachers in primary schools : a reflective resource for performance management.

A través de una investigación relacionada con el análisis de seis profesores de enseñanza primaria filmados en sus aulas, explora la naturaleza de una enseñanza eficiente, que se basa en el informe de Hay McBer 'Un modelo de eficacia docente',donde se examina la eficacia de los profesores en tres elementos clave: las habilidades de enseñanza; características profesionales y el clima en el aula. Todas ellas están dentro del control del profesor y ejercen una influencia significativa en el progreso del alumno. Este libro y DVD permitirán a todos los profesores desarrollar un lenguaje común de prácticas en el aula.

Effective teachers in secondary schools : a reflective resource for performance managenent.

A través de una investigación relacionada con el análisis de cinco profesores de enseñanza secundaria filmados en sus aulas, explora la naturaleza de una enseñanza eficiente con comentarios y análisis, que se basan en el informe de Hay McBer 'Un modelo de eficacia docente',donde se examina la eficacia de los profesores en tres elementos clave: las habilidades de enseñanza; características profesionales y el clima en el aula. Todas ellas están dentro del control del profesor y ejercen una influencia significativa en el progreso del alumno. Este libro y DVD permitirán a todos los profesores a desarrollar un lenguaje común de prácticas en el aula.

Effective teaching in schools : theory and practice.

Examina los aspectos que son importantes para una enseñanza y aprendizaje eficaz en las escuelas. El recurso está dividido en tres partes que reflejan las tres tareas fundamentales de la formación docente: la primera parte se centra en ayudar a los profesores a reforzar su conocimiento y comprensión de una enseñanza eficaz y el aprendizaje del alumno; la segunda parte se centra en los aspectos individuales de buenas prácticas en el aula; desde la creación de la experiencia de aprendizaje teniendo en cuenta las diferencias pedagógicas fundamentales hasta el establecimiento de relaciones constructivas con los alumnos. La tercera parte reflexiona sobre la experiencia docente. Esta edición incluye el aprendizaje personalizado, los nuevos avances en la TIC, la enseñanza interactiva. También contiene una terminología actualizada.

Classroom behaviour : a practical guide to effective teaching, behaviour management and colleague support.

Trata el comportamiento difícil dentro y fuera del aula. Explora cómo manejar la conducta, la disciplina de niños desafiantes, estudiantes con trastornos emocionales , la gestión de clases difíciles y el manejo de la ira.

Long-term memory problems in children and adolescents : assessment, intervention, and effective instruction. 'Problemas en la memoria a largo plazo en niños y adolescentes : evaluación, intervención y enseñanza efectiva'.

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