Cytological and Molecular Identification of Alien Chromatin in Giant Spike Wheat Germplasm

Alien chromosomes of twelve giant spike wheat germplasm lines were identified by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All lines showed a chromosome number of 2n = 42, five of them carried both a pair of wheat-rye (Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal) 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes and a pair of Agropyron intermedium (Ai) chromosomes, three carried a pair of Ai chromosomes only, three others carried a pair of 1BL/1RS chromosomes only, and one carried neither 1BL/1BS nor Ai chromosome. Further identification revealed that the identical Ai chromosome in these germplasm lines substituted the chromosome 2D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), designated as 2Ai. The genetic implication and further utilization of 2Ai in wheat improvement were also discussed.

Isolation and characterization of a novel variant of HMW glutenin subunit gene from the St genome of Pseudoroegneria stipifolia

The x- and y-type high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits are conserved seed storage proteins in wheat and related species. Here we describe investigations on the HMW glutenin subunits from several Pseudoroegneria accessions. The electrophoretic mobilities of the HMW glutenin subunits from Pd. stipifolia, Pd tauri and Pd strigosa were much faster than those of orthologous wheat subunits, indicating that their protein size may be smaller than that of wheat subunits. The coding sequence of the Glu-1St1 subunit (encoded by the Pseudoroegneria stipifolia accession PI325181) was isolated, and found to represent the native open reading frame (ORF) by in vitro expression. The deduced amino acid sequence of Glu-1St1 matched with that determined from the native subunit by mass spectrometric analysis. The domain organization in Glu-1St1 showed high similarity with that of typical HMW glutenin subunits. However, Glu-1St1 exhibited several distinct characteristics. First, the length of its repetitive domain was substantially smaller than that of conventional subunits, which explains its much faster electrophoretic mobility in SDS-PAGE. Second, although the N-terminal domain of Glu-1St1 resembled that of y-type subunit, its C-terminal domain was more similar to that of x-type subunit. Third, the N- and C-terminat domains of Glu-1St1 shared conserved features with those of barley D-hordein, but the repeat motifs and the organization of its repetitive domain were more similar to those of HMW glutenin subunits than to D-hordein. We conclude that Glu-1St1 is a novel variant of HMW glutenin subunits. The analysis of Glu-1St1 may provide new insight into the evolution of HMW glutenin subunits in Triticeae species. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

中国粮食生产的区域演进研究

Grain is one of the primary material conditions of the human survival and the grain production concerns the stability and development of the society directly. The regional patterns influence greatly on the grain production and the rational production distribution the regional comparative advantages and promotes grain production. This thesis starts with summarizing of the characteristics of changes and the overall trend of regional pattern of grain production of our country since 1949. Then it carries on network analyses to the factors, which influences the evolvement of regional grain production patterns of our country. And finally it gives some proposals to the grain production distribution in the future. The main content includes: Firstly, Reviewing the regional evolvement of grain production in our country, and analyzing the changes of the regional pattern of grain production of our country on the provincial scale and county scale separately, since 1949, especially since the reform and opening up policy. The main grain production areas are acting an important position in ensuring the national grain security, so this thesis analyses the main matter of the main grain production areas, forecasts the grain production situation in the future, and selects the Northeastern main grain production areas as the typical area to carry on the positive research. Secondly, this thesis analyzes the origin causes from two respects of natural and social economy of the regional evolvement pattern of grain production in China. Thirdly, based on the summarizing to the status of the regional pattern of the grain production, this thesis proposes the precept of the grain production distribution in the future in our country. Therefore, the areas of three major cereal crops, rice, wheat and corn, are confirmed on the basis of the comparative advantages. Finally, this thesis puts forward the security system of guaranteeing the grain production progressing steady in China. According to the above analysis, some conclusions have been achieved as follows: (1) The grain gross production gets on extricating itself from awkward position frequently while fluctuating greatly annually since 1949 in China. (2) Since the reform, its traditional regional pattern of grain production, the most of which was concentrated in the south area, has changed rapidly. China's center of gravity of grain production has shifted from the south to the north, and on the belts of latitude, the grain production has represented a trend of focusing to the middle area in China. (3) The main grain production areas play a very important role in ensuring China's food security. With their relative severe situation of the problems of agriculture, rural area and peasant, China has carried out a series of measures, which aim at improving the food-producing conditions of the main grain production areas, and enhancing the grain yields there. Under this condition, a forecast of the producing amount of the main grain production areas under the nation's self-supplying rate of over 95% shows that the increasing provision production in these areas can meet the demand of the country. (4) The natural and social economic factors influence together on the changes of the grain production regional pattern. Along with the state system transition and progress of agricultural science and technology, the regional pattern of grain production is affected heavier by the agricultural policy and technological elements. (5) The grain production will be concentrated to the middle province in the future, which economic development level being medium-sized; According to crop allocation, although the rice superiority production area located in the South, its comparative advantage index is little in some degree. Meanwhile, the wheat and corn superiority production areas are in the North mainly and its scale superiority and production level advantage are all comparatively obviously.

Metodologia para seleção de hortaliças com resistência a nematóides: cenoura/Meloidogyne spp.

Etiologia; Sintomatologia; Variabilidade de espécies dos nematóides; Produção de inóculo; Metodologia de avaliação da resistência; Fator de reprodução dos nematóides (FR); Percentagem de infecção de raízes comerciais; Avaliação da resistência das progênies na Embrapa Hortaliças.

Metodologia para seleção de plantas com resistência a nematóides: alho/Ditylenchus dipsaci.

Etiologia; Sintomatologia; Variabilidade de populações do nematóide; Produção de inóculo; Metodologia de avaliação da resistência; Avaliação da resistência.

Otimização do método de Elisa indireto não competitivo para detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina B1 em cereais.

2007

Recomendacoes tecnicas para a cultura da soja no Parana 1986/87.

Investimentos em tecnologia: a nova realidade da nova agricultura; Manejo do solo; Clima; Cultivares; Populacao, densidade e epocas de semeadura; Instalacao da lavoura; Controle de plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas; Controle de doencas; Colheita.

Recomendações técnicas para a cultura da soja no Parana 1987/88.

Melhoramento de soja para alimentacao humana; Manejo do solo; Clima; Cultivares; Populacao e densidade de semeadura; Epocas de semeadura; Instalacao da lavoura; Controle de plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas; Controle de doencas; Colheita.

Recomendações técnicas para a cultura da soja na região Central do Brasil 1996/97.

Situacao mundial da soja; Producao; Exportacoes/importacoes; Esmagamento; Estoques finais; Farelo de soja; Oleo de soja; Balanco de oferta e demanda mundial de soja; Recomendacoes tecnicas; Exigencias climaticas; Exigencias hidricas; Exigencias termicas e fotoperiodicas; Rotacao de culturas; Selecao de especies para rotacao de culturas; Planejamento da propriedade; Rotacao de culturas com a soja no sul do Maranhao; Manejo do solo; Manejo de residuos culturais; Preparo do solo; Alternancia do uso de implementos no preparo do solo; Rompimento da camada compactada; Sistema de semeadura direta; Correcao e manutencao da fertilidade do solo; Acidez do solo; Calagem; Qualidade do calcario e condicoes de uso; Correcao da acidez subsuperficial; Exigencias minerais e adubacao para a cultura da soja; Adubacao; Cultivares; Cuidados na aquisicao e na utilizacao da semente; Qualidade da semente; Armazenamento da sementes; Tratamento e inoculacao de sementes; Tratamento; Inoculacao; Preparo da semente; Instalacao da lavoura; Cuidados relativos ao manuseio das sementes; Epoca de semeadura; Semeadura na entressafra; Populacao de plantas e espacamento; Calculo da quantidade de sementes; Controle de plantas daninhas; Manejo de pragas; Doencas e medidas de controle; Consideracoes gerais; Doencas identificadas no Brasil; Principais doencas e demidas de controle; Retencao foliar "haste verde"); Colheita; Fatores que afetam a eficiencia da colheita; Avaliacao de perdas; Como evitar perdas; Tecnologia de sementes; Selecao do local; Avaliacao da qualidade; Remocoes de torroes para prevenir a disseminacao do nematoide de cisto.

Nomenclatura científica das espécies dos gêneros Triticum e Aegilops.

2009

Ajuste de prática de manejo de plantas de centeio e triticale para a maximização do rendimento de grãos e forragem.

2008

Especificidade da resistência em patossistemas envolvendo Magnaporthe grisea e cereais.

2006

Aproxima-se a safra irrigada com mais uma alternativa: a cevada cervejeira.

2007

Nematoides em cultivos integrados.

2013

Brachypodium distachyon. A new model system for functional genomics in grasses

John Draper, Luis A.J. Mur, Glyn Jenkins, Gadab C. Ghosh-Biswas, Pauline Bablak, Robert Hasterok,and Andrew P.M. Routledge (2001). Brachypodium distachyon. A new model system for functional genomics in grasses. Plant Physiology, 127 (4), 1539-1555. Sponsorship: BBSRC / Gatsby Foundation RAE2008