M-L band x-rays (3-3.5 KeV) from palladium coated targets for isochoric radiative heating of thin foil samples

We describe experiments designed to produce a bright M-L band x-ray source in the 3-3.5 keV region. Palladium targets irradiated with a 10(15) W cm(-2) laser pulse have previously been shown to convert up to similar to 2% of the laser energy into M-L band x-rays with similar pulse duration to that of the incident laser. This x-ray emission is further characterized here, including pulse duration and source size measurements, and a higher conversion efficiency than previously achieved is demonstrated (similar to 4%) using more energetic and longer duration laser pulses (200 ps). The emission near the aluminium K-edge (1.465-1.550 keV) is also reported for similar conditions, along with the successful suppression of such lower band x-rays using a CH coating on the rear side of the target. The possibility of using the source to radiatively heat a thin aluminium foil sample to uniform warm dense matter conditions is discussed.

Increasing the TRL of an L band Retrodirective array for Type Approved SATCOM applications

Retrodirective, self-steering, antennas have the advantage of being able to automatically return a signal back in the direction along from which it originated. The tracking is real time and is carried out in the analogue domain which results in simple circuits which can be accommodated, planar-form, behind the antenna elements. The main objective of this paper is to detail the continuation of the work on L band retrodirective antennas which has the ambition of increasing the TRL such that a minimal viable product can be produced, suitable for type approval as an L band SATCOM user terminal. The focus will be the technical challenges that have arisen as the retrodirective antenna is moved up the TRL chain. Some of these aspects include the ability to track very weak modulated signals (S/N tending to 0dB), TX/RX filter and duplexer specifications, PA and LNA considerations. The resultant retrodirective architecture will be compared against typical specifications of L band satellite ground terminals, showing that the retrodirective antenna offers a simple and effective real time tracking antenna architecture.

A spatial approach to network generation for three properties:Degree distribution, clustering coefficient and degree assortativity

Social networks generally display a positively skewed degree distribution and higher values for clustering coefficient and degree assortativity than would be expected from the degree sequence. For some types of simulation studies, these properties need to be varied in the artificial networks over which simulations are to be conducted. Various algorithms to generate networks have been described in the literature but their ability to control all three of these network properties is limited. We introduce a spatially constructed algorithm that generates networks with constrained but arbitrary degree distribution, clustering coefficient and assortativity. Both a general approach and specific implementation are presented. The specific implementation is validated and used to generate networks with a constrained but broad range of property values. © Copyright JASSS.

Study of multiferroic materials

The present PhD work aims the research and development of materials that exhibit multiferroic properties, in particular having a significant interaction between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity; either directly within an intrinsic single phase or by combining extrinsic materials, achieving the coupling of properties through mechanic phenomena of the respective magnetostriction and piezoelectricity. These hybrid properties will allow the cross modification of magnetic and electric polarization states by the application of cross external magnetic and/or electric fields, giving way to a vast area for scientific investigation and potential technological applications in a new generation of electronic devices, such as computer memories, signal processing, transducers, sensors, etc. Initial experimental work consisted in chemical synthesis of nano powders oxides by urea pyrolysis method: A series of ceramic bulk composites with potential multiferroic properties comprised: of LuMnO3 with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and BaTiO3 with La0.7Ba0.3MnO3; and a series based on the intrinsic multiferroic LuMn1-zO3 phase modified with of Manganese vacancies. The acquisition of a new magnetron RF sputtering deposition system, in the Physics Department of Aveiro University, contributed to the proposal of an analogous experimental study in multiferroic thin films and multilayer samples. Besides the operational debut of this equipment several technical upgrades were completed like: the design and construction of the heater electrical contacts; specific shutters and supports for the magnetrons and for the substrate holder and; the addition of mass flow controllers, which allowed the introduction of N2 or O2 active atmosphere in the chamber; and the addition of a second RF generator, enabling co-deposition of different targets. Base study of the deposition conditions and resulting thin films characteristics in different substrates was made from an extensive list of targets. Particular attention was given to thin film deposition of magnetic phases La1-xSrxMnO3, La1-xBaxMnO3 and Ni2+x-yMn1-xGa1+y alloy, from the respective targets: La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, La0.7Ba0.3MnO3; and NiGa with NiMn. Main structural characterization of samples was performed by conventional and high resolution X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); chemical composition was determined by Electron Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS); magnetization measurements recur to a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) prototype; and surface probing (SPM) using Magnetic-Force (MFM) and Piezo-Response (PFM) Microscopy. Results clearly show that the composite bulk samples (LuM+LSM and BTO+LBM) feat the intended quality objectives in terms of phase composition and purity, having spurious contents below 0.5 %. SEM images confirm compact grain packaging and size distribution around the 50 nm scale. Electric conductivity, magnetization intensity and magneto impedance spreading response are coherent with the relative amount of magnetic phase in the sample. The existence of coupling between the functional phases is confirmed by the Magnetoelectric effect measurements of the sample “78%LuM+22%LSM” reaching 300% of electric response for 1 T at 100 kHz; while in the “78%BTO+22%LBM” sample the structural transitions of the magnetic phase at ~350 K result in a inversion of ME coefficient the behavior. A functional Magneto-Resistance measurement system was assembled from the concept stage until the, development and operational status; it enabled to test samples from 77 to 350 K, under an applied magnetic field up to 1 Tesla with 360º horizontal rotation; this system was also designed to measure Hall effect and has the potential to be further upgraded. Under collaboration protocols established with national and international institutions, complementary courses and sample characterization studies were performed using Magneto-Resistance (MR), Magneto-Impedance (MZ) and Magneto-Electric (ME) measurements; Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); SQUID and VSM magnetization; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS); Scan Probe Microscopy (SPM) with Band Excitation Probe Spectroscopy (BEPS); Neutron Powder Diffraction (NPD) and Perturbed Angular Correlations (PAC). Additional collaboration in research projects outside the scope of multiferroic materials provided further experience in sample preparation and characterization techniques, namely VSM and XPS measurements were performed in cubane molecular complex compounds and enable to identify the oxidation state of the integrating cluster of Ru ions; also, XRD and EDS/SEM analysis of the acquired targets and substrates implied the devolution of some items not in conformity with the specifications. Direct cooperation with parallel research projects regarding multiferroic materials, enable the assess to supplementary samples, namely a preliminary series of nanopowder Y1-x-yCaxØyMn1O3 and of Eu0.8Y0.2MnO3, a series of micropowder composites of LuMnO3 with La0.625Sr0.375MnO3 and of BaTiO3 with hexagonal ferrites; mono and polycrystalline samples of Pr1-xCaxMnO3, La1-xSrxMnO3 and La1-xCaxMnO3.

Estimating bottom properties with a vector sensor array during MakaiEx 2005

Nowadays, vector sensors which measure both acoustic pressure and particle velocity begin to be available in underwater acoustic systems, normally configured as vector sensor arrays (VSA). The spatial filtering capabilities of a VSA can be used, with advantage over traditional pressure only hydrophone arrays, for estimating acoustic field directionality as well as arrival times and spectral content, which could open up the possibility for its use in bottom properties' estimation. An additional motivation for this work is to test the possibility of using high frequency probe signals (say above 2 kHz) for reducing size and cost of actual sub bottom profilers and current geoacoustic inversion methods. This work studies the bottom related structure of the VSA acquired signals, regarding the emitted signal waveform, frequency band and source-receiver geometry in order to estimate bottom properties, specially bottom reflection coefficient characteristics. Such a system was used during the Makai 2005 experiment, off Kauai I., Hawai (USA) to receive precoded signals in a broad frequency band from 8 up to 14 kHz. The agreement between the observed and the modelled acoustic data is discussed and preliminary results on the bottom reflection estimation are presented.

Absorption coefficient of particulate matter on the south-west coast of Europe: a contribution to the validation of the MERIS-Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer sensor

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most important environmental variables of water quality, especially for marine life. Consequently, oxygen is one of the Chemical Quality Elements required for the implementation of European Union Water Framework Directive. This study uses the example of the Ria Formosa, a meso-tidal lagoon on the south coast of Portugal to demonstrate how monitoring of water quality for coastal waters must be well designed to identify symptoms of episodic hypoxia. New data from the western end of the Ria Formosa were compared to values in a database of historical data and in the published literature to identify long-term trends. The dissolved oxygen concentration values in the database and in the literature were generally higher than those found in this study, where episodic hypoxia was observed during the summer. Analysis of the database showed that the discrepancy was probably related with the time and the sites where the samples had been collected, rather than a long-term trend. The most problematic situations were within the inner lagoon near the city of Faro, where episodic hypoxia (<2 mg dm3 DO) occurred regularly in the early morning. These results emphasise the need for a balanced sampling strategy for oxygen monitoring which includes all periods of the day and night, as well as a representative range of sites throughout the lagoon. Such a strategy would provide adequate data to apply management measures to reduce the risk of more persistent hypoxia that would impact on the ecological, important natural resource. economic and leisure uses of this important natural resource.

University Symphonic Band and University Choir, February 12, 1941

Concert program for University Symphonic Band and University Choir, February 12, 1941

University Concert Band, April 28, 1948

Concert program for University Concert Band, April 28, 1948

The Summer Concert Band, 5th Festival of Contemporary Works, July 18, 1951

Concert program for The Summer Concert Band, 5th Festival of Contemporary Works, July 18, 1951

Summer School Band/Summer School Chorus, July 18, 1939

Concert program for Summer School Band/Summer School Chorus, July 18, 1939

"A Concert in Swing"; The Concert Band, The Pep Band, November 29, 1939

Concert program for "A Concert in Swing"; The Concert Band, The Pep Band, November 29, 1939

University Symphonic Band, March 4, 1940

Concert program for University Symphonic Band, March 4, 1940

University Symphonic Band, April 28, 1940

Concert program for University Symphonic Band, April 28, 1940

Concert Band, March 7, 1937

Concert program for Concert Band, March 7, 1937

Symphonic Band, March 7, 1976

Concert program for Symphonic Band, March 7, 1976