BEYOND WORDS: HOW LEARNING TO READ AND MENTAL HEALTH ARE RELATED FOR STRUGGLING READERS

The overarching purpose of this research program was to describe how intervening for academic deficits may be accompanied by changes in mental health. This multi-dimensional, multi-perspective, and iterative research program was developed to report on two distinct but related studies that addressed the same issue: in what ways does the mental health of students change as they transition from being struggling readers to more able readers? To describe the changes, these studies used a number of qualitative research methodologies—focus groups, individual interviews, and ethnographic case studies. Themes that emerged from the focus group and interview data in the first study were used to create a model that guided observations and interview questions in the second study. The first study described what parents, classroom teachers, and two reading instructors of nine previously struggling readers reported as the outcomes of becoming a more proficient reader. Data from this study indicated three broad domains in which change, as perceived by participants, occurred―cognitive/learning, behavioural/social, and psychological/emotional. Within these three domains, six dimensions were identified as having changed as reading improved: (a) academic achievement, (b) attitude, (c) attention, (d) behaviour, (e) mental health, and (f) empowerment. These domains, dimensions, and 15 constituent elements were used to create the model to guide the subsequent study. The purpose of the second study was to validate and refine this model by using an ethnographic case study approach to explore the ways in which the model accounted for the changes in reading and mental health seen in three boys over the months they participated in the intervention. By investigating the relationship between learning to read and mental health, this research aimed to enhance our understanding of how gains in reading may also improve the mental health of struggling readers. The model was found to be robust and a convenient conceptual framework to further our understanding of this relationship. Importantly, gains made in the cognitive/learning domain through an effective reading intervention, offered in a supportive learning environment, were shown to be accompanied by concomitant gains in both the behavioural/social and psychological/emotional domains—all of which enhance student thriving.

Epigenetic engineering shows H3K4me2 is required for HJURP targeting and CENP-A assembly on a synthetic human kinetochore

Kinetochores assemble on distinct 'centrochromatin' containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A and interspersed nucleosomes dimethylated on H3K4 (H3K4me2). Little is known about how the chromatin environment at active centromeres governs centromeric structure and function. Here, we report that centrochromatin resembles K4-K36 domains found in the body of some actively transcribed housekeeping genes. By tethering the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), we specifically depleted H3K4me2, a modification thought to have a role in transcriptional memory, from the kinetochore of a synthetic human artificial chromosome (HAC). H3K4me2 depletion caused kinetochores to suffer a rapid loss of transcription of the underlying α-satellite DNA and to no longer efficiently recruit HJURP, the CENP-A chaperone. Kinetochores depleted of H3K4me2 remained functional in the short term, but were defective in incorporation of CENP-A, and were gradually inactivated. Our data provide a functional link between the centromeric chromatin, α-satellite transcription, maintenance of CENP-A levels and kinetochore stability.

Temporal Control of Leaf Complexity by miRNA-Regulated Licensing of Protein Complexes

The tremendous diversity of leaf shapes has caught the attention of naturalists for centuries. In addition to interspecific and intraspecific differences, leaf morphologies may differ in single plants according to age, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the progression from the juvenile to the adult phase is characterized by increased leaf serration. A similar trend is seen in species with more complex leaves, such as the A. thaliana relative Cardamine hirsuta, in which the number of leaflets per leaf increases with age. Although the genetic changes that led to the overall simpler leaf architecture in A. thaliana are increasingly well understood, less is known about the events underlying age-dependent changes within single plants, in either A. thaliana or C. hirsuta. Here, we describe a conserved miRNA transcription factor regulon responsible for an age-dependent increase in leaf complexity. In early leaves, miR319-targeted TCP transcription factors interfere with the function of miR164-dependent and miR164-independent CUC proteins, preventing the formation of serrations in A. thaliana and of leaflets in C. hirsuta. As plants age, accumulation of miR156-regulated SPLs acts as a timing cue that destabilizes TCP-CUC interactions. The destabilization licenses activation of CUC protein complexes and thereby the gradual increase of leaf complexity in the newly formed organs. These findings point to posttranslational interaction between unrelated miRNA-targeted transcription factors as a core feature of these regulatory circuits.

Formulação de misturas betuminosas a quente : análise comparativa da aplicação de métodos empíricos e volumétricos

A utilização de métodos de formulação de misturas betuminosas tem como objetivo determinar a combinação de agregados e betume numa mistura, de tal modo que se obtenha um material de pavimentação tão económico quanto possível, fácil de fabricar e colocar, e que suporte os efeitos das cargas e do clima ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. As misturas colocadas nas camadas de pavimentos podem diferir no tipo de material agregado e na sua granulometria, no tipo e na quantidade de ligante, na utilização de aditivos ou agentes que modificam o betume, e na sua composição volumétrica. Os métodos empíricos de formulação de misturas betuminosas, como o método de Marshall, não permitem formular com a fiabilidade necessária misturas betuminosas com o desempenho mecânico adequado para resistir aos mecanismos de degradação a que vão ficar sujeitas nos pavimentos. Uma das alternativas ao método de Marshall é a metodologia de formulação volumétrica SUPERPAVE, desenvolvida no programa Strategic Highway Research Program(SHRP). Nesta metodologia o procedimento de seleção da percentagem ótima em betume é realizado com base nas propriedades volumétricas de provetes compactados com o compactador giratório. A percentagem ótima em betume depende da energia de compactação utilizada, sendo esta fornecida pelo número de giros a que o provete foi submetido. O equipamento geralmente usado nos ensaios é a prensa giratória de corte (PGC) que permite medir a compacidade e estimar com uma precisão suficiente a porosidade que será obtida insitu. Nestes métodos a seleção da curva granulométrica e da percentagem ótima de betume a usar é feita pela verificação da maior ou menor correspondência entre as composiçõestestadas e certos requisitos de compactabilidade pré-definidos, entendendo-se estes como uma medida da aptidão da mistura para apresentar bom comportamento no seu ciclo de vida. A prática portuguesa é a de utilizar o método de Marshall para formular misturas betuminosas convencionais e até algumas misturas não convencionais. Torna-se, assim, útil comparar os resultados de formulações obtidas por duas vias diferentes, tendo em conta que a utilização da prensa giratória de corte tem vindo a ser progressivamente integrada em várias metodologias de formulação utilizadas internacionalmente. Crê-se que os métodos baseados em PGC, mantêm alguma simplicidade de procedimentos, ao mesmo tempo que permitem amentar o nível de confiança nas composições a que se chega, no que diz respeito ao seu desempenho no seu ciclo de vida.

Spanish-surname farm operators in southern Texas

Includes bibliographical references.

Indexes of agricultural production for the Western Hemisphere, excluding the United States : rev. 1958 through 1966, preliminary 1967.

Mode of access: Internet.

Every woman's right : the right to quality education and economic independence /

"National Chicana Foundation, Inc., Montebello, California."

Virtual weigh station.

Indiana Department of Transportation, Indianapolis

Floating breakwater field experience, West Coast /

Mode of access: Internet.

Bank erosion control with vegetation, San Francisco Bay, California /

Cover title.

Mathematical modeling of shoreline evolution /

"October 1977."

Sand resources on the Inner Continental Shelf of the Cape Fear region, North Carolina /

"November 1977."

Beach erosion and accretion at Virginia Beach, Virginia, and vicinity /

"December 1977."

Shoreline plant establishment and use of a wave-stilling device /

"January 1978."