Three dimensional digital-computer model of the Ferron sandstone aquifer near Emery, Utah /

"October 1980."

A three region steam drum model for a nuclear power plant simulator (BRENDA) /

"Date published: August 1981."

Outlines of a plan for the establishment of an agricultural model school in the province of Munster : as recommended by the Irish Relief Committee in London of 1822, who appropriated three thousand pounds of their remaning funds, to aid in carrying this object into effect.

Includes "Appendix. Report of the Committee of the N.W. Society concerning an agricultural seminary" and "Extracts from Travels in Switzerland by S. Simond, respecting Mr. Fellenberg's establishment at Hofwyl."

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tools list : air conditioning units, electric motor driven, 9,000 Btu/hr, vertical compact, 115 volt, single phase, 50/60 cycle (Therm-Air Manufacturing Co. model CV-9-1-15-60) FSN 4120-935-1609; 9,000 Btu/hr, vertical compact, 230 volt, three phase, 50/60 cycle ....

"February 1970."

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support and depot maintenance manual : air conditioning units, electric motor driven, 6,000 BTU/hr, vertical compact, 115 volt, single phase, 50/60 cycle (Thermo-Air model CV-6-1-15-60), FSN 4120-935-1608, 6,000 BTU/hr vertical compact, 208 volt, three phase, 400 cycle (Thermo-Air model CV-6-3-08-400), FSN 4120-935-1607.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, direct support, general support, and depot maintenance manual : air conditioner, vertical, compact, 208 volts, A.C., 400 hertz, three phase, 18,000 BTU/hr cooling, 12,000 BTU/hr heating, (Keco model F18T4-2) FSN 4120-168-1775.

Includes index.

Operator's, organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual : air conditioner, horizontal, compact, 9,000 BTU/hr, 208 volt, three phase 50/60 hertz, model ECU-9HC326, NSN 4120-01-193-4998.

"27 March 1987."

Operator, organizational, direct support and general support maintenance manual : air conditioner, vertical compact, 6,000 BTU, 115 volts, single phase, 60 hertz (WEDJ model VM 6000-115) NSN 4120-00-935-1608 : air conditioner, vertical compact, 6,000 BTU, 208 volts, three phase, 400 hertz (WEDJ model VM 6000-208) NSN 4120-00-935-1607.

Includes index.

Organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools list (including depot maintenance repair parts and special tools) for air conditioner, vertical compact, 6,000 BTU, 115 volt, single phase, 50/60 Hz, Wedj model VM 6000-15, NSN 4120-00-935-1608 ... 208 volts, three phase, 400 Hz, Wedj model VM 6000-400, NSN 4120-00-935-1607.

Includes index.

Operator, organizational, direct support, and general support maintenance manual : air conditioner, vertical, compact, 18,000 Btu hr, 208 volts, three phase, 400 hertz (WEDJ model VM 18000-400), NSN 4120-00-152-1150.

"28 July 1979."

Increased potency of a novel complement factor 5a receptor antagonist in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease

We have previously shown that complement factor 5a(C5a) plays a role in the pathogenesis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats by using the selective, orally active C5a antagonist AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR]. This study tested the efficacy and potency of a new C5a antagonist, hydrocinnamate (HC)-[OP(D-Cha) WR], which has limited intestinal lumenal metabolism, in this model of colitis. Analogs of AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR] were examined for their susceptibility to alimentary metabolism in the rat using intestinal mucosal washings. One metabolically stable analog, HC-[OP(D-Cha)WR], was then evaluated pharmacokinetically and investigated at a range of doses (0.03 - 10 mg/kg/ day p.o.) in the 8-day rat TNBS- colitis model, against the comparator drug AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR]. Using various amino acid substitutions, it was determined that the AcF moiety of AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR] was responsible for the metabolic instability of the compound in intestinal mucosal washings. The analog HC-[OP( D-Cha) WR], equiactive in vitro to AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR], was resistant to intestinal metabolism, but it displayed similar oral bioavailability to AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR]. However, in the rat TNBS- colitis model, HC-[OP(D-Cha) WR] was effective at reducing mortality, colon edema, colon macroscopic scores, and increasing food consumption and body weights, at 10- to 30- fold lower oral doses than AcF-[OP( D-Cha) WR]. These studies suggest that resistance to intestinal metabolism by HC-[OP(D-Cha) WR] may result in increased local concentrations of the drug in the colon, thus affording efficacy with markedly lower oral doses than AcF-[OP(D-Cha) WR] against TNBS-colitis. This large increase in potency and high efficacy of this compound makes it a potential candidate for clinical development against intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

A simulation model of cereal-legume intercropping systems for semi-arid regions I. Model development

Cereal-legume intercropping plays an important role in subsistence food production in developing countries, especially in situations of limited water resources. Crop simulation can be used to assess risk for intercrop productivity over time and space. In this study, a simple model for intercropping was developed for cereal and legume growth and yield, under semi-arid conditions. The model is based on radiation interception and use, and incorporates a water stress factor. Total dry matter and yield are functions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the fraction of radiation intercepted and radiation use efficiency (RUE). One of two PAR sub-models was used to estimate PAR from solar radiation; either PAR is 50% of solar radiation or the ratio of PAR to solar radiation (PAR/SR) is a function of the clearness index (K-T). The fraction of radiation intercepted was calculated either based on Beer's Law with crop extinction coefficients (K) from field experiments or from previous reports. RUE was calculated as a function of available soil water to a depth of 900 mm (ASW). Either the soil water balance method or the decay curve approach was used to determine ASW. Thus, two alternatives for each of three factors, i.e., PAR/SR, K and ASW, were considered, giving eight possible models (2 methods x 3 factors). The model calibration and validation were carried out with maize-bean intercropping systems using data collected in a semi-arid region (Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa) during seven growing seasons (1996/1997-2002/2003). The combination of PAR estimated from the clearness index, a crop extinction coefficient from the field experiment and the decay curve model gave the most reasonable and acceptable result. The intercrop model developed in this study is simple, so this modelling approach can be employed to develop other cereal-legume intercrop models for semi-arid regions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A simulation model of cereal-legume intercropping systems for semi-arid regions II. Model application

Smallholder farmers in Africa practice traditional cropping techniques such as intercropping. Intercropping is thought to offer higher productivity and resource milisation than sole cropping. In this study, risk associated with maize-bean intercropping was evaluated by quantifying long-term yield in both intercropping and sole cropping in a semi-arid region of South Africa (Bloemfontein, Free State) with reference to rainfall variability. The crop simulation model was run with different cultural practices (planting date and plant density) for 52 summer crop growing seasons (1950/1951-2001/2002). Eighty-one scenarios, consisted of three levels of initial soil water, planting date, maize population, and bean population, were simulated. From the simulation outputs, the total land equivalent ratio (LER) was greater than one. The intercrop (equivalent to sole maize) had greater energy value (EV) than sole beans, and the intercrop (equivalent to sole beans) had greater monetary value (MV) than sole maize. From these results, it can be concluded that maize-bean intercropping is advantageous for this semi-arid region. Soil water at planting was the most important factor of all scenario factors, followed by planting date. Irrigation application at planting, November/December planting and high plant density of maize for EV and beans for MV can be one of the most effective cultural practices in the study region. With regard to rainfall variability, seasonal (October-April) rainfall positively affected EV and MV, but not LER. There was more intercrop production in La Nina years than in El Nino years. Thus, better cultural practices may be selected to maximize maize-bean intercrop yields for specific seasons in the semi-arid region based on the global seasonal outlook. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The selection of a model microalgal species as biomaterial for a novel aquatic phytotoxicity assay

A phytotoxicity assay based on the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield analyser has been developed and successfully incorporated into field assessments for the detection of phytotoxicants in water. As a means of further exploring the scope of the assay application and of selecting a model biomaterial to complement the instrument design, nine algal species were exposed to four chemical substances deemed of priority for water quality monitoring purposes (chlorpyrifos, copper, diuron and nonylphenol ethoxylate). Inter-species differences in sensitivity to the four toxicants varied by a factor of 1.9-100. Measurements of photosystem-II quantum yield using these nine single-celled microalgae as biomaterial corroborated previous studies which have shown that the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield analyser is a highly sensitive method for the detection of PS-II impacting herbicides. Besides Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the previously applied biomaterial, three other species consistently performed well (Nitzschia closterium, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta) and will be used in further test optimisation experiments. In addition to sensitivity, response time was evaluated and revealed a high degree of variation between species and toxicants. While most species displayed relatively weak and slow responses to copper, C. vulgaris demonstrated an IC10 of 51 μ g L-1, with maximum response measured within 25 minutes and inhibition being accompanied by a large decrease in fluorescence yield. The potential for this C vulgaris-based bioassay to be used for the detection of copper is discussed. There was no evidence that the standard ToxY-PAM protocol, using these unicellular algae species, could be used for the detection of chlorpyrifos or nonylphenol ethoxylate at environmentally relevant levels. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of cardiac ventricular wall motion based on a three-dimensional electromechanical biventricular model

This paper describes a biventricular model, which couples the electrical and mechanical properties of the heart, and computer simulations of ventricular wall motion and deformation by means of a biventricular model. In the constructed electromechanical model, the mechanical analysis was based on composite material theory and the finite-element method; the propagation of electrical excitation was simulated using an electrical heart model, and the resulting active forces were used to calculate ventricular wall motion. Regional deformation and Lagrangian strain tensors were calculated during the systole phase. Displacements, minimum principal strains and torsion angle were used to describe the motion of the two ventricles. The simulations showed that during the period of systole, (1) the right ventricular free wall moves towards the septum, and at the same time, the base and middle of the free wall move towards the apex, which reduces the volume of the right ventricle; the minimum principle strain (E3) is largest at the apex, then at the middle of the free wall and its direction is in the approximate direction of the epicardial muscle fibres; (2) the base and middle of the left ventricular free wall move towards the apex and the apex remains almost static; the torsion angle is largest at the apex; the minimum principle strain E3 is largest at the apex and its direction on the surface of the middle wall of the left ventricle is roughly in the fibre orientation. These results are in good accordance with results obtained from MR tagging images reported in the literature. This study suggests that such an electromechanical biventricular model has the potential to be used to assess the mechanical function of the two ventricles, and also could improve the accuracy ECG simulation when it is used in heart torso model-based body surface potential simulation studies.