979 resultados para Thompson, Francis, 1859-1907.


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In international law the internment of civilians has only been regulated in writing in the context of the 4th Geneva Convention of 1949. Nevertheless this did not mean that civilians were not protected by at least some rules of customary international law before that date and especially in World War I. Furthermore specialists of international law expected states – at least those considered to be part of the community of civilized nations – to continue to treat all men equal before the law even in wartime. As research already conducted (Bird, Panayi, Fischer) has shown, this was not the case during World War I. Based on these findings the presentation proposed here wants to look into the development of international law and into some national preparations for treating so called “enemy aliens” in the period before 1914 (Austria-Hungary, Australia, United Kingdom), in order to see to what extent principles of international law protecting civilians from the consequences of war can be detected in the pre-war preparations. As far as can be judged so far the issue of loyalty was central in this context. Looking at the war itself, the presentation proposed here will try to look at how far the principles of international law alluded to above continued to influence the policies on “enemy aliens” in the countries mentioned and to see, how the International Committee of the Red Cross tried to use them to legitimize and expand its protective policies in regard to civilians interned in belligerent as well as neutral countries throughout the war.

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Alexandre Perrochet

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von I. J. Benjamin

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L’œuvre poétique de Valéry est caractérisée par une esthétique de la perfection, de la pureté et de la clôture. La série ouverte et hétérogène des "Cahiers", en revanche, ne se laisse guère ranger dans la catégorie de l’œuvre. Selon Valéry, la réorientation intellectuelle à la base de cette opposition est due au "choc" subi par la découverte de l’œuvre mallarméenne. Les divers écrits valéryens sur Mallarmé nous servent à reconstruire cette relation ambivalente et nous aident à éclairer sa conception non moins ambivalente de l’œuvre d’art. Nous soutenons que ce ne sont pas ses propres travaux, mais les poésies de Mallarmé qui lui semblaient des œuvres achevées à proprement parler. Pour décrire l’expérience de perfection et d’achèvement que lui fournit la lecture du "Coup de dés", Valéry se sert de la notion de figure qui, entre autres, comporte des associations géométriques. Sous la forme d’un hommage ambivalent, Francis Ponge oppose aux concepts valéryens de figure et d’œuvre d’art une poétique de l’objet matériel et concret qui s’incarne dans "La figue (sèche)", publiée en 1960 comme pièce inaugurale de la revue "Tel Quel".

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von Lorenz Curtius

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von Gebr. Schultheis