Foraging activity and resource use by three parrotfish species at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical West Atlantic

Parrotfishes are important components of the herbivore and detritivore guilds of tropical and subtropical reefs. Most of parrotfish species are protogynous hermaphrodites that change colour and sex, from initial phase females or males (IP) to terminal phase males (TP). We studied the foraging behaviour of Sparisoma amplum, S. axillare and S. frondosum, three syntopic scarids on the rocky reefs of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Tropical West Atlantic. The three parrotfish species differed in food selection and preference, but IP and TP individuals of the same species preferred the same food types, except for S. amplum. Feeding rates of IP individuals were higher than those of TP individuals, but the distribution of feeding frequencies throughout the day of IP and TP individuals of the same species was similar. IP individuals had higher feeding rates than TP ones, which seems related to the fact that TP individuals spend a large amount of time patrolling their territories and chasing away conspecific individuals at the study site. The general foraging pattern we found for S. amplum, S. axillare and S. frondosum is similar to patterns found for other parrotfish species in the Western Atlantic.

LEK BEHAVIOR of THE PLOVERCREST (STEPHANOXIS LALANDI, TROCHILIDAE)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Lek phenology of the White-bearded Manakin (Manacus manacus, Aves: Passeriformes: Pipridae) in a subtropical region

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cafeicultura científica globalizada e as montanhas capixabas: a produção de caféarábica nas regiões do Caparaó e Serrana do Espírito Santo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Transportadores de glicose na síndrome metabólica

A regulação da homeostasia intra e extra-celular da glicose está diretamente relacionada ao controle preciso da expressão dos genes que codificam as diferentes isoformas de proteínas transportadoras de glicose, as quais se expressam de maneira tecido-específica, em conseqüência do padrão de ativação dos fatores transcricionais reguladores de cada gene, em cada tipo celular. A síndrome metabólica (SM) abrange uma grande variedade de alterações fisiopatológicas, todas de repercussões sistêmicas, acometendo os mais distintos territórios do organismo, nos quais alterações nos transportadores de glicose presentes são observadas em maior ou menor grau. A presente revisão abordará as alterações na expressão de transportadores de glicose claramente demonstradas na literatura, cujas repercussões nos fluxos territoriais de glicose auxiliam na compreensão de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da SM, assim como dos tratamentos propostos para esta entidade.

Travestilidades nômades: a explosão dos binarismos e a emergência queering

Apresentamos neste artigo algumas problematizações a respeito da expressão travesti, que, não se apoiando em um modelo único de referência sexual e de gênero para sua efetivação, nos permitiria falar em processos de 'travestilização'. Esses processos se constituem através de dispositivos em que lineamentos duros, flexíveis e de fuga participam da criação de seus corpos, desejos e prazeres, transitando entre efeitos-consequências de discursos normativos e singularizadores. Sua circulação no mundo coloca em xeque as matrizes binárias heteronormativas do sistema sexo/gênero/desejo, que se desmancham diante de modos de subjetivação orientados por potências subversivas criadoras de novos campos possíveis de existencialização. Nessa perspectiva, queremos mostrar que as expressões sexuais e de gêneros das travestis formulam novas questões a respeito dos modelos identitários vigentes, demonstrando que a coerência e a inteligibilidade impostas pelos códigos heteronormativos precisam ser urgentemente revistas, de modo a questionar a respeito da ordem social que apresenta o gênero associado ao sexo reprodutivo, para ressignificar as expressões sexuais, gendradas e subjetivas, em sua processualidade histórica que explode os binarismos, despreza os universais e desmancha o absolutismo da ideia de verdade, enraizados nos sistemas binários de pensamentos sedentários, fechados, universais e a-históricos.

The dawn lek of the Swallow-tailed Hummingbird

We studied the lek behavior of the Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (Eupetomena macroura) in an urbanized area in S (a) over tildeo Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. During the 22-month study we identified a total of 26 lekking territories in one lek that covered an area of approximately 12 ha. The lek was active throughout the year; the number of singing males per morning ranged from 6-15. The abandonment of territories and the establishment of new ones caused continuous rearrangement of lek boundaries. Lekking territories had a mean size of 217 m(2) and were separated from each other by 24-120 m. on average, males started singing 27 min before sunrise and kept singing for 17 min. At the end of this period and after a few minutes of silent perching, they abandoned their lekking territories until the next morning. During the singing period. males spent 72-100% of the time inside their territories. The lek behavior of E. macroura is unusual compared to other lekking hummingbirds because of the short daily period of lekking, restricted to just before Sunrise. Since males and females of E. macroura possibly defend feeding territories throughout the rest of the day, the short lekking period may represent a tradeoff between two different time budget pressures from lekking and feeding activities.

A Via Campesina Brasil e a avaliação da primeira década de impactos da reforma agrária do Banco Mundial

During the past decade, influenced strongly by World Bank land policies, many governments instituted a new mode of recreating the peasantry, one supposedly led by market forces through credit programs secured by land. Supported by large landowner organizations, defended as a conquest by the rural labor movement and combated by member organizations of the Via Campesina, the new mode of peasant renovation has inspired a diversity of interpretations both positive and negative. To evaluate these events, this article seeks to demonstrate the World Bank's intentionality in urging the implementation of market-led agrarian reform in developing countries; discusses the construction of immaterial territories in the context of this policy; analyzes the development of a people's think tank in response to the agitation of the Via Campesina Brazil and the negative impact of the credit system on peasants.

Territorial hypothesis predicts the trade-off between reproductive opportunities and parental care in three species of damselfishes (Pomacentridae: Actinopterygii)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The use of auxiliary courts by the lek-forming White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus (Aves, Pipridae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Territorial behaviour and dominance hierarchy of Anthracothorax nigricollis Vieillot 1817 (Aves: Trochilidae) on food resources

Dominant species are those which delimit and defend territories from other individuals of the same or different species. Subordinate species are those which, furtive and sneakily, use sources of nectar from other individuals. This study aimed to describe the aggressive interactions between species of hummingbirds, define which species are dominant and which are subordinate, investigate if the sharing of resources occurs during the visits, and compare the behaviour of the dominant species in different strata (tree, arbustive and herbaceous). The species observed interacting with Anthracothorax nigricollis Vieillot 1817 were Phaethornis pretrei Lesson and Delattrer 1839, Thalurania furcata Gmelin 1788, and Polytmus guainumbi Pallas 1764. Nine behavioural acts grouped into four categories were identified and described. The dominant species is A. nigricollis (with 0.9 of the attacks), followed by T. furcata (with 0.07) and P. pretrei (with 0.03). The resource sharing was seen only in the shrub layer, in C. surinamensis, in which there was intraspecific and interspecific sharing. A. nigricollis showed higher interspecific toleration, T. furcata (0.27) and P. pretrei (0.55) than intraspecific A. nigricollis (0.18). The frequency of occurrence of behaviours expressed by A. nigricollis in the three vegetation strata differed significantly.

Estimates of Foraging Population and Territory of Heterotermes tenuis Colonies using Mark-Release-Recapture (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Heterotermes tenuis is an important economic pest in São Paulo state. Foraging populations of three field colonies of H. tenuis located on a University campus (UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) were characterized. Foraging populations of H. tenuis colonies were calculated using four cycles of a mark-release-recapture program with a weighted mean method. The foraging population sizes of three colonies: A, B and C were 389,313±14,907; 265,589 ±12,635; and 641,600∓12,127; respectively. Foraging biomasses were 0.77 kg in the colony A, 0.51 kg in the colony B and 1.17 kg in colony C. Mean worker biomass was approximately 1.9 mg. Foraging territories occupied an area ranging from 70 m2 to 131 m2 per colony. The maximum linear foraging distance traveled by H. tenuis was 28m.

The mesosomal gland of Xylocopa frontalis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopini)

Males of Xylocopa fimbriata and X. micans present mesosomal glands that produce secretions containing many volatile substances with an intense floral fragrance, which resembles the fragrance produced by flowers that are attractive to the females of both species. The mating territories occupied by males of X. frontalis have no helpful resources for the females of this species, which are probably attracted to these environments by sexual pheromone(s) produced in the male mesosomal glands (lek polygyny). In this work, the presence of these glands in males of X. frontalis was confirmed and their anatomy and ultrastructure were described. An attempt to correlate the morphological characteristics of the mesosomal glands with the male territorial behavior was also carried out.

Distribuição, tamanho populacional, hábitat e conservação do bicudinho-do-brejo Stymphalornis acutirostris Bornschein, Reinert e Teixeira, 1995 (Thamnophilidae)

The Marsh Antwren (Stymphalornis acutirostris) is restricted to the lowlands between Antonina Bay, in the coastal plain of the state of Paraná, and Itapocu river, in the northern coastal plain of the state of Santa Catarina (from 0 to c. 5 m a.s.l.). It doesn't occur continuously in this region, being found in eight populations that span over an total area of about 6,060 ha (= area of occupancy; 4,856.67 in Paraná and c. 1,200 in Santa Catarina). Nine habitat types used by the Marsh Antwren were defined, based on vegetation physiognomy, localization, dominancy of botanical species, dominant life-form and history of the region. Five of these are herbaceous (marshes), while four have an upper arboreal stratum and an herbaceous lower stratum with marsh plants. According to the classification criteria of the Brazilian vegetation proposed by the Radambrasil Project, they were classified as Pioneering Formation of Fluvial Influence, Pioneering Formation of Fluvial-marine Influence, and/or Pioneering Formation of Lacustrine Influence. They occur as patches or narrow strips ranging from 0.001 to 203.0 ha in the state of Paraná. They are found mainly in the interior of bays, in the lower courses of rivers that drain into bays, in alluvial plains, and between sand dunes in the coastal plain. Characteristic herbaceous species are cattail (Typha domingensis), bulrush (Scirpus californicus), Crinum salsum, Panicum sp. cf. P. mertensii, saw grass (Cladium mariscus) and Fuirena spp. Hibiscus pernambucensis is the characteristic bush species, and Calophyllum brasiliense, Tabebuia cassinoides, Annona glabra and Laguncularia racemosa are the characteristic arboreal species. The Marsh Antwren lives in herbaceous vegetation, but also uses bushes and branches of small tress. It has low flight capacity and a single flight of more than 25 m was never recorded. Territories of 0.25 ha were estimated in one kind of habitat (tidal marsh) (= 8 individuals per hectare) and of 3.2 ha in another one (saw grass marsh) (= 0.62 individual per hectare). The global population estimate is of about 17,700 mature individuals (13,700 in Paraná and 4,000 in Santa Catarina). The species is really under threat of extinction, mainly because of it's restricted geographical distribution and habitat loss by human activities and biological contamination caused by invasion of exotic grasses (Urochloa arrecta and Brachiaria mutica).

Social Panorama of Latin America 2010

Includes bibliography