Disentangling the Pathways and Effects of Ecosystem Service Co-Production

Research on ecosystem services has become a dominant field within environmental management, framing the way in which human–nature relationships are understood and managed. Although ecosystem services are usually defined as ‘the benefits that humans receive from nature’, our work shows that most services are actually co-produced by a mixture of natural capital and various forms of social, human, financial and technological capital. Here, we review how ecosystem services are co-produced, and then we assess how this affects the quantity, quality, trade-offs, resilience and the equity of the distribution of ecosystem services. Then we discuss the implications of co-production for sustainability. Finally, we present some challenges for an adequate consideration of co-production within the assessment of ecosystem services.

Hispanic immigration and Select Commission on Immigration's final report : hearings before the Subcommittee on Census and Population of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, April 27, 28, 1981.

Item 1022-B, 1022-C (microfiche)

The Hispanic population : a demographic and issue profile : hearings before the Subcommittee on Census and Population of the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, first session, September 13, 14, 15, 1983.

"Serial no. 98-10."

Immigration and Naturalization Service regional office operations. Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, first session.

Hearings held Mar. 27 1973-

Immigration and Naturalization Service regional office operations : Hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, Second session.

Hearings held Aug. 13, Sept. 12,17,18, and Oct. 9 1974.

Performance of historic stone building materials and systems : observations by architects, engineers and building conservators : excerpts from workshop discussions held on August 10, 1987, funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources Acid Rain Research Program.

"June 1988."

National Park Service concessions management : hearings before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Historic Preservation, and Recreation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session to review the National Park Service implementation of management policies and procedures to comply with the provisions of Titles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998, March 22, 2001, March 29, 2001.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0261-P.