Resistance welding of coated steels

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Measured sensitivity of arc-induced long-period grating sensors in photonic crystal fibre

Reported are experimental results from investigations of the sensing properties of long-period gratings (LPGs) recorded in two different geometries of photonic crystal fibre (PCF): a large-mode area PCF and an endlessly single mode PCF. The LPGs have been characterised for their sensitivity to temperature, bending, surrounding index and strain. The LPGs in both fibres have been found to have negligible temperature sensitivity whilst exhibiting useful strain sensitivities. Strong directional bend sensitivity is shown by one PCF whilst the other shows good non-directional bend sensitivity. The fibres exhibit differing sensitivities to surrounding refractive index. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sensitivity of LPGs in PCFs fabricated by an electric arc to temperature, strain, and external refractive index

Sensing properties of long-period gratings (LPGs) fabricated in photonic crystal fibers by an electric arc are explained and quantified by semianalytical and numerical models. In particular, the grating's insensitivity to temperature and simultaneous sensitivity to strain and refractive index are simulated. The modeling procedure is generalized so that it can be applied to a wide range of LPGs in various fibers. © 2007 IEEE.

A comparison of the spectral properties of high temperature annealed long period gratings inscribed by fs laser, UV and fusion-arc

Long period gratings have been inscribed in standard single mode fibre using a fs laser system, a fusion arc and a UV laser and a comparative study carried out of their thermal behaviour. The fs laser induced gratings can survive temperatures in excess of 800°C, however the inscription process can induce considerable birefringence within the device. Annealing studies have been carried out showing that below 600°C, all three grating types show a blue shift in their room temperature resonance wavelengths following cyclic heating, while above 600°C, the UV and arc induced LPGs exhibit a red shift, with the fs LPG showing an even stronger blue shift. High temperature annealing is also shown to considerably reduce the birefringence induced by the fs inscription process.

A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Existence of an (n,r)-arc in PG(2,q) and Its Applications

ACM Computing Classification System (1998): E.4.

Prediction of welding distortion in butt joint of thin plates

This paper investigates distortions and residual stresses induced in butt joint of thin plates using Metal Inert Gas welding. A moving distributed heat source model based on Goldak's double-ellipsoid heat flux distribution is implemented in Finite Element (FE) simulation of the welding process. Thermo-elastic-plastic FE methods are applied to modelling thermal and mechanical behaviour of the welded plate during the welding process. Prediction of temperature variations, fusion zone and heat affected zone as well as longitudinal and transverse shrinkage, angular distortion, and residual stress is obtained. FE analysis results of welding distortions are compared with existing experimental and empirical predictions. The welding speed and plate thickness are shown to have considerable effects on welding distortions and residual stresses. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamic analysis of submerged microscale plates:the effects of acoustic radiation and viscous dissipation

The aim of this paper is to study the dynamic characteristics of micromechanical rectangular plates used as sensing elements in a viscous compressible fluid. A novel modelling procedure for the plate- fluid interaction problem is developed on the basis of linearized Navier-Stokes equations and noslip conditions. Analytical expression for the fluidloading impedance is obtained using a double Fourier transform approach. This modelling work provides us an analytical means to study the effects of inertial loading, acoustic radiation and viscous dissipation of the fluid acting on the vibration of microplates. The numerical simulation is conducted on microplates with different boundary conditions and fluids with different viscosities. The simulation results reveal that the acoustic radiation dominates the damping mechanism of the submerged microplates. It is also proved that microplates offer better sensitivities (Q-factors) than the conventional beam type microcantilevers beingmass sensing platforms in a viscous fluid environment. The frequency response features of microplates under highly viscous fluid loading are studied using the present model. The dynamics of the microplates with all edges clamped are less influenced by the highly viscous dissipation of the fluid than the microplates with other types of boundary conditions.

The application of laser welding on Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

A successful and useful treatment for end-stage heart failure is Left ventricular assist device (LVAD). An important part - a hydrodynamically suspended impeller exposed to corrosive conditions, required to sealed hermetically into micro packages. Laser beam welded (LBW) Ti6Al4V alloy has been adopted in anti-corrosion micro packages for the impeller of a (LVAD). Thin and narrow welds were required for such medical equipment. Pulsed Nd:YAG welding was successfully adopted as sealing method for the impeller. ©2011 IEEE.

Benthic foraminiferal record of the Pleistocene uplift of the sedimentary deposits of the Burica Peninsula (Costa Rica-Panama) as a result of Cocos Ridge subduction beneath the Central American Arc

This study used paleobathymetric interpretations from benthic foraminiferal assemblages to determine the timing of the initial subduction of the Cocos Ridge beneath the Costa Rica-Panama Arc and the associated amount of uplift. Forty-seven samples from four stratigraphic sections of the Burica and the Armuelles formations yielded 217 identified species. Foraminiferal paleoecology and cluster analyses indicated paleobathymetric differences within and between the sections. Maximum and minimum uplift rates were calculated from the biochronology, elevation, paleobathymetry and estimated eustatic changes. Large decreases in paleobathymetry were mainly due to the initial middle Pleistocene subduction of the Cocos Ridge in less than 0.5 Ma. Uplift rates were uneven across the Burica Peninsula, as follows: La Vaca 4.5–0.8 m/ky, Rabo de Puerco 2.8–0.7 m/ky, San Bartolo–Chiquito 2.7–0.8 m/ky, and eastern coast 8.0–1.5 m/ky. These differences probably resulted from Cocos Ridge asymmetry and differential uplift of tectonic blocks.

Design Optimization of Submerged Jet Nozzles for Enhanced Mixing

The purpose of this thesis was to identify the optimal design parameters for a jet nozzle which obtains a local maximum shear stress while maximizing the average shear stress on the floor of a fluid filled system. This research examined how geometric parameters of a jet nozzle, such as the nozzle's angle, height, and orifice, influence the shear stress created on the bottom surface of a tank. Simulations were run using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package to determine shear stress values for a parameterized geometric domain including the jet nozzle. A response surface was created based on the shear stress values obtained from 112 simulated designs. A multi-objective optimization software utilized the response surface to generate designs with the best combination of parameters to achieve maximum shear stress and maximum average shear stress. The optimal configuration of parameters achieved larger shear stress values over a commercially available design.