994 resultados para Reforma Tributária - Brasil
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This article examines aspects of policies for higher education during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) and some of its legacies that persist in the decades of 1990 and 2000. The text was divided into two parts: the first one analyses the "university reform" of 1968 and its historical context; the second discusses how some features configure certain trend in policies for higher education, with traces maintained until today. Finally, this amazing continuity is evaluated through four axes of analysis – 1) Fragmentation of education and different access to the levels and stages of teaching; 2) Deformation of the inseparability of teaching, research and extension; 3) Privatization as official policy for higher education; 4) Authoritarianism and systematic repression in institutions of higher education – and it is supported the need to resist and be opposed to the dominant project of policy for higher education in Brazil.
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A questão agrária é da essência do modo capitalista de produção. A existência ou não do campesinato nesse modo de produção é justamente o cerne da discussão. A questão agrária pode ser interpretada de diferentes formas, por meio de correntes teóricas ou até mesmo paradigmas, como o caso do Paradigma da questão Agrária e o Paradigma do Capitalismo Agrário. Neste trabalho procuro defender a ideia de que a questão agrária é um problema estrutural do capitalismo, atualizada conjunturalmente por diferentes elementos, sejam eles de cunho social, político ou econômico. Um destes elementos, destacado nesta pesquisa, é justamente a luta pela terra em escala nacional e regional. A criação e recriação do campesinato no Brasil tem se dado, principalmente, a partir da luta pela terra, materializada em ocupações, acampamentos e, conseqüente, criação de assentamentos rurais. Em escala nacional, discuto a diminuição das ocupações de terra e de novos acampamentos nos últimos anos, com o intuito de compreender as possíveis causas. Já, em escala regional, no Pontal do Paranapanema-SP, algumas mudanças no que diz respeito à mobilização das famílias semterra e a esporacidade da vida nos acampamentos são apresentadas a fim de colaborar com a discussão sobre a dinâmica, contemporaneidade e perspectiva da luta pela terra
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La lucha por la tierra en el Brasil se confunde con la própria historia del país, erigida sobre una cuestión agraria turbulenta en la cual ha predominado la hegemonía de los grandes proprietarios de tierra, tanto en la forma de latifundistas, cuanto, más recientemente, de los empresarios del agribusiness, caracterizando una versión más moderna de la dominación de la lógica del capital en detrimento de las demás formas de organización de la vida. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, ocurre un aguzamiento de los conflictos por la tierra con la emergencia de los principales movimientos sociales en Brasil, como el MST. Esos movimientos surgen en un contexto de transformación de la formación socioespacial brasileña, marcada por la creciente urbanización del país, lo que repercute em las sus formas de organización, pasando a comparecer una preocupación con la población urbana en las discusiones y acciones en pro de la Reforma Agraria. Yuxtaponiendo-se a eso proceso, también ha emergido fortemiente en las últimas décadas la problemática de la hambre en el mundo, tanto a través de los dados alarmantes de los organismos supranacionales (FAO), como del debate impulsado por los movimientos sociales acerca de la Soberanía Alimentaria (Via Campesina). Todos esos elementos merecen atención em esto trabajo, que busca aprehender cómo se efectiva la participación de barrios de la periferia pobre de la ciudad de Presidente Prudente/SP en el proceso de lucha por la tierra en el Pontal del Paranapanema, haciendo eso por lo medio de una lectura geográfica de esa realidad que prime por la superación analítica de la disociación entre ciudad y campo, como se fueran espacios inertes entre sí. Además, es nuestro objetivo destacar las motivaciones que llevan los sujetos protagonistas de eso proceso a dejaren la ciudad y adhieriren a la lucha por la tierra, permitiendo identificar elementos que extrapolan la esfera económico-material
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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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This work has as main objetive to analyze fiscal/tax collection of municipalities after the political-administrative decentralization in Brazil and its new role in this scenario, bringing up the competition for Decasa Sugar and Alcohol between the municipalities of Caiuá and Maraba Paulista in the context of expansion sugarcane cultivation in the Presidente Prudente Geographic Micro Region. The analysis has considered the geographic scales, in order to highlight the power relations on local/regional territory, determined by the Agroenergy Policy Guidelines in Brazil (2006-2011). The two municipalities have from the point of view economic dynamics, irrelevence, proven through the São Paulo Index of Social Responsibility (IPRS), maximizing the importance of the constitutional transfers, such as Participation Fund of Municipalities (FPM). Given this situation, we analyze the four taxes raised by the experts as the most impactful for municipal tax collection before the presence of sugarcane activity: the Territorial Urban Property Tax (IPTU), the Tax on Services of any Nature (ISSQN), the Tax Vehicles owned Motor (IPVA) and the Operations tax on the Circulation of Goods and on Transport Services Rendered Interstate and Intermunicipal (ICMS). It was verified, that only the ISSQN can be seen as an indicator increase in fiscal/tax collection before the presence sugarcane activity...
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From the agri-food crisis of 2007/2008, we live an intensifying period in the global land rush. The land grabbing is analyzed as a process that occurs on a global scale, especially to countries in Africa and Latin America, the main targets of the current global competition for land, because beyond the earth have low prices and the legislation be flexible, low and ineffective supervision of the state (especially in the issue of environmental and labor laws), also have vast tracts of arable land, with fertile soils and high availability of water resources (the latter element has become relevant in that case analysis). In addressing the land foreignization in the XXI century it is necessary to speak about the issue of biofuels and bioenergy, since it is these that define the current phase of land foreignization in Brazil. In the 1970s occurred the first incentive to produce ethanol in the sugarcane cultivation, with the policy of the National Alcohol Program (PROALCOOL). From the 2000s this interest again sharpened up and foreign capital began to see in Brazil a great opportunity for a production facility and purchase of old agro-processing plants that were implanted in PROALCOOL period but who were disabled. This is the case of Umoe Bioenergy, Norwegian company that in 2006 started its production in the municipalities of Narandiba and Sandhurst, located in the Pontal do Paranapanema region that, in turn, is the region of São Paulo with larger agrarian conflicts, settlements land reform, land grabbing and high poverty rates...
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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC
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This article discusses the Brazilian land problem related to property rights of rural land. After emphasizing the importance of land policies in order to define and distribute rural land properties rights, we show how in Brazil the institutions of rural land registering and cadastering as separated processes debilitates the property rights, making them vulnerable to the effective occupying actions. In order to illustrate it, in this article we analyze Data based in a Case Study of conflict and property rights distributions in an important farming and mining region of southern Para state, in Brazil.
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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The practice of pharmaceutical care (PC) is recent in Brazil and little is known about its impact on the health system or patients. The aim of this review was thus to identify the clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes achieved by the practice of PC in Brazil. In order to assess those outcomes, data published in studies from 1997 to 2011 were collected from Lilacs and MEDLINE databases, using the technique of content analysis. Original studies on PC that included pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were considered eligible for this descriptive review. A total of 306 articles were identified through the chosen descriptors. Of those, ten studies were eligible for this review and only two did not report significant results. The others reported increased adherence to pharmacotherapy, resolution of pharmacotherapeutic issues and control of clinical parameters of diseases (such as maintenance or reduction of blood pressure, reduction in HIV viral load and increase in lymphocyte count), promoting improvements in the general state of health and behavioral changes. However, economic impact was not assessed in any article analyzed, nor was a direct measurement of life quality performed. Although there are few studies on the outcomes of pharmaceutical care services in Brazil, it is demonstrated in this review that positive results were obtained when the pharmacist acted as a provider of optimized pharmacotherapy. This may be considered a result of the actions that followed the Brazilian Pharmaceutical Care Consensus of 2002, such as the restructuring of the curricular basis of pharmacy courses. From this point on, Brazilian researchers and pharmacists should think of a strategy to expand the offer of pharmaceutical care beyond academia and reach people in general who need this type of health care.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso de inovação educacional na atuação da Organização Não Governamental Fundação Casa Grande - Memorial do Homem Kariri junto a crianças e jovens do município de Nova Olinda, CE, Brasil. O principal problema da pesquisa que este artigo visa apresentar é: que fatores se conjugam na geração de ações de inovação educacional? A hipótese examinada pela pesquisa foi a de que fatores salientes que se conjugam na geração de ações de inovação são o tempo de experiência profissional de educadores(as), a estabilidade de sua equipe, o nível de qualificação e a atuação mobilizadora de líderes da Organização. São descritos os objetivos e características da atuação da Organização e são apontadas as características de líderes, agentes e equipes. Conclui que a hipótese levantada foi confirmada.
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O Autor aborda que, a partir do fortalecimento da jurisdição constitucional, Constituição/1988, novas técnicas interpretativas serão permitidas, no intuito de ampliar a atuação jurisdicional em assuntos tradicionalmente de alçada dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo.