Reading comprehension in nacional and internacional programs of educational assessment

El principal objetivo de este artículo es identificar distintos programas de evaluación educativa, tanto nacionales como internacionales, y describir sus características generales. Asimismo, analiza el modo en que se conceptualiza y evalúa la competencia lectora. Finalmente, este trabajo presenta los resultados que ha obtenido Argentina en esta área. Los programas analizados son: el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA, Programme for International Student Assessment) , el Segundo Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (SERCE) y, específicamente en nuestro país, el Operativo Nacional de Evaluación (ONE) y el Programa de Evaluación de la Calidad Educativa de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Estos diferentes estudios sitúan la importancia de la lectura comprensiva en tanto "competencia para la vida" necesaria para la realización de otros aprendizajes, para el logro de una participación activa en la sociedad y ligada a la posibilidad de proyectar un futuro mejor. Los informes muestran la existencia de diferencias entre los resultados de distintos países y al interior de los mismos. El desarrollo de competencias desiguales aparece como un desafío a nivel nacional e internacional, ya que constituye un importante indicador de la situación crítica en la que se encuentran un número significativo de niños y adolescentes.

Voces en un campo de sangre : Max Aub y los penúltimos episodios nacionales

Una cierta lectura de la posmodernidad ha diagnosticado (en realidad, ofertado) el final de la historia y, por consiguiente, el de la novela histórica, aunque algunos optamos por no enterrarla sino por renovarla. En el contexto de este debate vale la pena detenerse en el Laberinto mágico de Max Aub, magno mural de la guerra civil española, una de las últimas manifestaciones del modelo puro de episodio nacional, máximo legado de Galdós y Valle Inclán. A pesar de los elementos aparentemente heterogéneos que contiene, el gesto histórico e ideológico que traza Campo cerrado (escrita en 1939), la primera novela del Laberinto mágico, es el de la novela histórica moderna. En los Campos posteriores, la fórmula de la novela histórica aubiana alcanzará su sazón, siendo quizá Campo del moro (1963) el más brillante y equilibrado ejemplo de esta modalidad entre las de la serie. En ella, el sentido de la historia que se anunciaba en Campo del moro se disipa, víctima de la traición y asaltado por la locura que se desata en las calles de Madrid. Campo del moro puede considerarse novela histórica pura, ya que se cumplen en ella las condiciones de felicidad necesarias para que esta modalidad genérica se realice plenamente: historicidad de los acontecimientos; respeto al orden cronológico en que se suceden; ficcionalidad limitada por el referente histórico; iniciativa de lo histórico sobre lo ficcional y primacía de la lógica de lo público sobre la de lo privado; por último, narratibilidad de los acontecimientos que se manifiesta en la selección del golpe de estado de Casado y Besteiro y su potenciación como clave del relato histórico. Tres grandes temas se despliegan en la lógica argumental de la novela: la traición, la confusión del laberinto y la degradación de una causa heroica. En el discurso de Max Aub que alimenta la novela, la ficción, la verdad y la historia se entrelazan hasta formar el hilo de Ariadna en el Laberinto.

An exploratory study of cultural understanding in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) reading in Argentina

Fil: Porto, Melina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Reading comprehension in nacional and internacional programs of educational assessment

El principal objetivo de este artículo es identificar distintos programas de evaluación educativa, tanto nacionales como internacionales, y describir sus características generales. Asimismo, analiza el modo en que se conceptualiza y evalúa la competencia lectora. Finalmente, este trabajo presenta los resultados que ha obtenido Argentina en esta área. Los programas analizados son: el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA, Programme for International Student Assessment) , el Segundo Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (SERCE) y, específicamente en nuestro país, el Operativo Nacional de Evaluación (ONE) y el Programa de Evaluación de la Calidad Educativa de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Estos diferentes estudios sitúan la importancia de la lectura comprensiva en tanto "competencia para la vida" necesaria para la realización de otros aprendizajes, para el logro de una participación activa en la sociedad y ligada a la posibilidad de proyectar un futuro mejor. Los informes muestran la existencia de diferencias entre los resultados de distintos países y al interior de los mismos. El desarrollo de competencias desiguales aparece como un desafío a nivel nacional e internacional, ya que constituye un importante indicador de la situación crítica en la que se encuentran un número significativo de niños y adolescentes.

Quantity, provenance, and thermal maturity of organic matter at DSDP Holes 95-612 and 95-613

Using methods of analysis from organic geochemistry and organic petrography, we investigated six Pliocene to Maestrichtian samples from DSDP Site 612 and five Pliocene to Eocene samples from DSDP Site 613 for the quantity, type, and thermal maturity of organic matter. At both sites, organic carbon content is low in the Eocene samples (0.10 to 0.20%) and relatively high in the Pliocene/Miocene samples (0.87 to 1.15%). The Maestrichtian samples from Site 612 contain about 0.6% organic carbon. The organic matter is predominantly terrigenous, as indicated by low hydrogen index values from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and the dominance of long-chain wax alkanes in the extractable hydrocarbons. The organic matter is at a low level of thermal maturity; measured vitrinite reflectance values were between 0.27 and 0.44%.

Combination of optical and on-destructivemechanicaltechniques for the measurement of maturity in peach

Increasing consumer dissatisfaction related with lack of ripeness in peach has been repeatedly reported since 1990 to the present day. There is thus, a great interest in improving the assessment of peach maturity, currently based on Magness Taylor firmness (destructive, highly variable, and time consuming) and colour (not reliable for highly coloured varieties). The present research studies as an alternative several non-destructive (ND) measurements, based on multispectral imaging, visible spectra, and low mass impact response. Their relationship with maturity, as well as the potential of their combination was studied. As a result, two rather independent (R2 = 0.3) groups of non-destructive measurements, chlorophyll related optical indexes and low mass impact (LMI) measurements, were identified. Optical measurements showed the best behaviour for assessing maturity at harvest, while LMI measurements reflected handling incidences, showing a promising potential to be used to control transport and postharvest handling.

Comparing the effectiveness of equivalence partitioning, branch testing and code reading by stepwise abstraction applied by subjects

Some verification and validation techniques have been evaluated both theoretically and empirically. Most empirical studies have been conducted without subjects, passing over any effect testers have when they apply the techniques. We have run an experiment with students to evaluate the effectiveness of three verification and validation techniques (equivalence partitioning, branch testing and code reading by stepwise abstraction). We have studied how well able the techniques are to reveal defects in three programs. We have replicated the experiment eight times at different sites. Our results show that equivalence partitioning and branch testing are equally effective and better than code reading by stepwise abstraction. The effectiveness of code reading by stepwise abstraction varies significantly from program to program. Finally, we have identified project contextual variables that should be considered when applying any verification and validation technique or to choose one particular technique.

Importance of canopy porosity into vineyard and the relationship with the grape maturity. Digital estimation method

In warm and dry climates, the use of porous systems should be required in order to allow a better leaf distribution inside the plant, causing more space in the clusters area and enhancing determined physiological processes so in the leaf (photosynthesis, v entilation, transpiration) as in berry (growth and maturation). Plant geometry indexes, yield and must composition have been studied in three different systems: sprawl with 12 shoots/m (S1); sprawl system with 18 shoots/m (S2) and vertical positioned syste m or VSP with 12 shoots/m (VSP1). Total leaf area increases as the crop load does, whoever surface area depends on to two factors: crop load and the training system (VSP vs. sprawl), which can provide differences in leaf exposure efficiencies. The main objective of this study was to validate digital photography measurements used to compare porosity differences among treatments and, as they affect plant microclimate and, therefore, yield and berry quality. Also, all previous studied indexes (LAI, SA, SFEr) tended to overestimate the relationship between exposed leaf surface and porosity of each treatment, but the use of digital method proved to be an effective tool in order to assess canopy porosity. Results showed that not positioned and free systems (sprawl) scored between 25- 50% more porosity in the clusters area than the fixed vertical system (VSP), which resulted in a better plant microclimate for test conditions, mainly by improving the exposure of internal clusters and internal canopy ventilation. On the other hand, higher crop load treatment (S2) showed a real increase in yield (16%) without any relevant change into must composition, even improving total anthocyanin content into berry during ripening

Importance of canopy porosity into vineyard and the relationship with the grape maturity. Digital estimation method

In warm and dry climates, the use of porous systems should be required in order to allow a better leaf distribution inside the plant, causing more space in the clusters area and enhancing determined physiological processes so in the leaf (photosynthesis, ventilation, transpiration) as in berry (growth and maturation). Plant geometry indexes, yield and must composition have been studied in three different systems: sprawl with 12 shoots/m (S1); sprawl system with 18 shoots/m (S2) and vertical positioned system or VSP with 12 shoots/m (VSP1). Total leaf area increases as the crop load does, whoever surface area depends on to two factors: crop load and the training system (VSP vs . sprawl), which can provide differences in leaf exposure efficiencies. The main objective of this study was to validate digital photography measurements used to compare porosity differences among treatments and, as they affect plant microclimate and, therefore, yield and berry quality. Also, all previous studied indexes (LAI, SA, SFEr) tended to overestimate the relationship between exposed leaf surface and porosity of each treatment, but the use of digital method proved to be an effective tool in order to assess canopy porosity. Results showed that not positioned and free systems (sprawl) scored between 25 - 50% more porosity in the clusters area than the fixed vertical system (VSP), which resulted in a better plant microclimate for test conditions, mainly by improving the exposure of internal clusters and internal canopy ventilation. On the other hand, higher crop load treatment (S2) showed a real increase in yield (16%) without any relevant change into must composition, even improving total anthocyanin content into berry during ripening

Teaching writing through reading: a text-centred approach

Se comparan y contrastan las destrezas requeridas para la comprensión lectora con aquellas que se necesitan para la producción de escritos correctos, en inglés, coherentes y bien cohesionados. Se comentan las actividades didácticas relacionadas con ello.The aim of this article is to establish the relevance of teaching reading and writing skills to students at Madrid Polytechnic University, and to show the relationship and interdependence of these activities in EAP courses. The skills involved in reading and writing processes for academic purposes for L2 students are compared and commented on from a rhetorical point of view. Learning tasks based on text-type analysis are recommended as adequate activities to build schemata for writing and represent a synthesis of the teaching objectives proposed for reading and writing English courses.

El cuarto propio de Eileen Gray. "Tempe à pailla" 1932-1934: síntesis Crítica de un Aprendizaje Arquitectónico

En esta tesis se estudia la vivienda “Tempe à pailla” (1932-1934) construida por Eileen Gray para uso propio, en la localidad francesa de Castellar. La expresión “cuarto propio” en el título del trabajo identifica este proyecto con la búsqueda de un lugar para la autoexperimentación. “Tempe à pailla” es el resultado de una enseñanza autodidacta adquirida por Eileen Gray gracias a la convivencia con los protagonistas del movimiento moderno, en el marco de la Francia de entreguerras. Las experiencias artesanales de E. Gray previas a la arquitectura y los instrumentos de aprendizaje permiten comprender el desarrollo de una mente crítica que cuestiona continuamente lo observado. Por ello, para demostrar la influencia de los postulados de los movimientos contemporáneos en la evolución de sus creaciones, y como preámbulo al análisis de “Tempe à pailla” se realiza un recorrido por las técnicas experimentadas y se analizan dos de sus primeros ejercicios de proyecto: “Vivienda de tres plantas” (1923) y “Maison pour un ingénieur” (1926). La enseñanza adquirida en torno a la herramienta del dibujo analítico y técnico, junto a su investigación en el campo de lo pictórico trasladada al mobiliario realizado en laca, o al diseño y tejido de tapices, constituyen un conjunto de prácticas que desembocan, primero en el acondicionamiento de interiores, para ensayar novedosas composiciones espaciales entre sus objetos y, por último, en el proyecto de arquitectura como disciplina capaz de conjugar todo lo experimentado anteriormente. El binomio Intuición más Método, en todos estos itinerarios prácticos de Eileen Gray, combinado con una mirada atenta hacia las obras, exposiciones, lecturas y revistas especializadas de su tiempo, amalgaman una personalidad compleja que investigó progresivamente, primero en el ámbito de la domesticidad, y en su etapa de madurez en torno a los mínimos de habitar y a los espacios colectivos. El propósito de esta tesis es descubrir cómo los aspectos sociales, artísticos y arquitectónicos del contexto, entrelazados con la propia subjetividad crítica de la arquitecto conforman los fundamentos de esta vivienda y condicionan las decisiones de una mente que proyecta copiando, reelaborando y descartando entre lo conocido y lo aprendido. La elección de esta casa como protagonista de la investigación persigue, en primer lugar, descubrir su relación con los discursos del momento, constituyéndose en objeto arquitectónico paradigmático de un diálogo continuado y abierto. Y en segundo lugar, establecer una síntesis valorativa de la coherencia o la falta de ella en las decisiones objetivas del proyecto, confrontándolas con otros ejemplos. Para alcanzar estos dos objetivos se ha diseccionado la casa desde cinco perspectivas: su vínculo con la preexistencia del lugar, su organización en planta alejada de cualquier tipo normalizado, su vocabulario como reflejo de la modernidad, las relaciones espacio-temporales conseguidas y la sinergia establecida entre el equipamiento doméstico y la arquitectura. Este desarrollo ha hecho posible situar “Tempe á pailla” como un punto de inflexión en la arquitectura de Eileen Gray, y un ejemplo donde fue capaz de anticipar las futuras revisiones del movimiento moderno en aspectos como: la adecuación y empatía de lo construido con el lugar de emplazamiento, el rechazo a las connotaciones del concepto de “machine d’habiter” y la búsqueda de un confort enfatizado por la percepción, la experiencia e incluso los efectos psicológicos del interior doméstico. La relectura de esta casa, enmarcada dentro de la trayectoria práctica de su autora, invita a fijar la mirada en un inexcusable aprendizaje, previo a lo arquitectónico, que aúne la TEORÍA y la PLÁSTICA del momento con ensayos materializados en la PRÁCTICA, demostrando que, para madurar el conocimiento y proyectar con criterio crítico, es imprescindible el factor TIEMPO. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the housing “Tempe à pailla” (1932-1934) built by Eileen Gray for her own use, in the French village of Castellar. The expression “own room” in the title of the work identifies this project as the searching for a place for self experimentation. “Tempe à pailla” is the result of a self-directed learning acquired by the authoress due to coexistence with the protagonists of the modern movement, within the framework of the interwar France. Gray’s craft experiences previous to the architecture along the learning tools allow us to understand the development of a critical mind that questions continuously what she observes. Therefore to demonstrate the influence of the postulates of the contemporary movements in the evolution of her creations, and as a preamble to analysis of “Tempe à pailla”, this thesis makes a tour, along the techniques that she experienced, and studies two of her first exercises of project: “Three-storey housing”(1923) and “Maison pour an ingénieur” (1926). Lesson learned around the analytical tool of architectural drawing, together her research in the field of painting transferred to furniture made in lacquer, or to the design and fabric of tapestries, they constitute a set of craft experiences that lead, first in the conditioning of interiors, rehearsing novel spatial compositions among her objects and finally in the architectural project as a discipline capable of combining everything she learnt previously The binomial Intuition plus Method in all of these practicals Eileen Gray’s itineraries, combined with her look toward the works, exhibitions, readings and journals of her time, become together a complex personality that progressively innovates firstly in the context of domesticity and, in her stage of maturity, on the minimum living and collective spaces. The purpose of this thesis is to discover how the social, artistic and architectural aspects of the context, interlaced with the own critical subjectivity of the architect shape the foundations of this housing and determine the decisions of a mind that projects copying, re-elaborating and rejecting among the aspects known and learned. The choice of this house as the protagonist of the thesis aims, first to discover the relationship with the speeches of her time, becoming a paradigmatic architectural object of a continued and open dialogue. And secondly, to establish a evaluative synthesis of the consistency or lack of it in the project decisions, confronting them with others appropriate examples. To achieve these two objectives the house has been dissected from five perspectives: Its link with the preexistence of the place, its organization on floor away any standard type, its vocabulary as a reflection of modernity reached spatial-temporal relations and the synergy established between the domestic equipment and architecture. The development has made possible to place “Tempe à pailla” as a turning point in the architecture of Eileen Gray, and an example where she was able to anticipate future revisions of the modern movement in aspects such as: adaptation and empathy of the architecture with the site, the rejection of the connotations of the concept of “machine d’habiter” and the pursuit of comfort emphasized by the perception, the experience and even the psychological effects of the domestic interior. The re-reading of this singular and reduced House, framed within the practical trajectory of her authoress, invites to gaze inexcusable learning prior to the architecture, which combines the THEORY and the PLASTIC with trials materialized in PRACTICE, demonstrating that the essential factor to mature knowledge and planning with critical criteria, is the TIME.

Cluster microclimate (light and thermal) is a key point of grape maturity in mediterranean semiarid conditions

Se estudian la influencia en el microclima de racimos (temperatura e iluminación) de tres sistemas de conducción en la variedad Syrah en una zona calida.

Community Literary Reading Symposium & Book Signing with Author

Admission: Free Open to General Public

University Breakfast Reading Soiree Meet & Greet with Author

Admission: $5.00 Per Guest at Door. Open to University Only

O DIRETOR ESCOLAR E A IDÉIA DE DEMOCRACIA: UM OLHAR A PARTIR DA FORMAÇÃO

O presente trabalho apresenta uma reflexão e uma discussão em torno dos modelos de democracia, presentes nos gestores e em suas práticas pedagógicas. Essa leitura é feita a partir de processos de formação que incluem toda a trajetória das pessoas envolvidas na busca das formas de apropriação dos ideais de democracia presentes em cada um e em suas etapas de formação para a vida e para a profissão. O suporte teórico pauta-se no ouvir contar , ou seja, nos relatos orais das histórias de vida de cada um dos envolvidos. Infância, dolescência, juventude e maturidade permeiam-se na busca de respostas para os referenciais que cada um dos agentes possui. Dialoguei com as memórias dos entrevistados na busca da descoberta da idéia que cada um dos entrevistados carrega a respeito da gestão democrática. Olhei para as subjetividades e descobri um universo muito mais complexo do que aquele abordado pelas bibliografias a respeito do assunto. Descobri que as pessoas constroem suas concepções ao longo da vida e se relacionam com estas através das situações mais formais, tais como a profissão. O trabalho está estruturado em três capítulos, seguidos de anexos.