O Estado de Minas Geraes : sua evoluc��a��o economica.

On cover: Cornelio Rosenburg.

O COMPROMISSO E O CUIDADO COM A VIDA NAS ORIGENS HIST��RICAS E NOS DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS DA IGREJA METODISTA NO BRASIL. SUBS��DIOS TE��RICOS PARA A INCLUS��O DA PESSOA COM DEFICI��NCIA F��SICA.

A necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre o que a Igreja Metodista tem a oferecer para que se transforme a realidade atual da pessoa com defici��ncia f��sica no meio onde vive, tanto na sociedade, como no que diz respeito �� participa����o na vida eclesi��stica �� o que justifica a presente disserta����o. Ser��o analisadas, primeiramente, as pr��ticas sociais presentes na história do movimento metodista em suas origens. Em seguida ser��o examinadas as rela����es e correspond��ncias entre os documentos da Igreja Metodista e a Declara����o Universal dos Direitos Humanos, a qual �� recomendada e reconhecida pela Igreja Metodista. Ser��o levantados elementos nos documentos oficiais da Igreja Metodista no Brasil, dentre eles C��nones, Plano para a Vida e a Miss��o, Credo Social, Regras Gerais e outros que demonstrem o compromisso desta Igreja junto a pessoas com defici��ncias f��sicas. Enfim, este estudo demonstrar��, mediante os aspectos abordados que, tanto em sua origem hist��rica como nos documentos oficiais da Igreja Metodista s��o encontrados subs��dios que fundamentam a responsabilidade social da Igreja, especificamente pela inclus��o social da pessoa com defici��ncia f��sica, o que faz da comunidade metodista acess��vel a todas as pessoas.(AU)

CAPELANIA ESCOLAR BATISTA: as pr��ticas pastorais desenvolvidas pela capelania dos Col��gios Batistas - um estudo de caso do sistema batista mineiro de educa����o

Este trabalho estuda a capelania escolar desenvolvida no Sistema Batista Mineiro de Educa����o (STBM), organiza����o formada por seis col��gios, uma faculdade, um instituto de idiomas e tr��s projetos socio-educacionais, localizados em Minas Gerais, mantida pela Jutna de Educa����o da Conven����o Batista Mineira, institui����o das igrejas batistas de Minas Gerais. Apresenta a origem, contexto, desenvolvimento e constitui����o do Sistema Batisa Mineiro de Educa����o, bem como sua rela����o com a estrutura da deomina����o batista. Descreve os objetivos, import��ncia, fun����es e legalidade da capelania escolar e o pap��l, a forma����o e o perfil ideal de um capel��o ou capel�� escolar. A capelania (ou pastoral) escolar est�� presente em praticamente todas as institui����es educacionais confessionais, isto ��, naquelas que est��o ligadas a uma religi��o e que adotam os princ��pios de f�� e vida dessa tradi����o religiosa como norteadores de sua a����o poli��tico-pedag��gica. O objetivo da capelania escolar �� ministrar aos alunos, funcion��rios administrativos e docentes e familiares de uma institui����o de ensino, em suas necessidades emocionais, espirituais e morais, ajudando-os a superarem suas dificuldades e lutas, a fim de que o processo de forma����o do ser integral aconte��a. A Capelania do SBME, como todas as capelanias escolares, enfrenta muitos desafios oriundos do exerc��cio da sua confessionalidade, do ambiente interno e externo da escola, da sociedade e de v��rios problemas que vivenciam o jovem estudante contempor��neo, relacionados ao longo do texto. Para responder a esses desafios e demandas a capelania do SBME usa uma s��rie de estrat��gias e desenvolve v��rias a����es. Entre as estrat��gias e possibilidades de a����o pastoral apresentadas neste trabalho, destaca-se o Projeto ��tica e Car��ter na Escola , que objetiva ajudar aos corpos docentes, discente e adminsitrativo a construirem e adotarem valo res e princ��pios ��ticos crist��os, ao longo de todo o processo educativo na escola e para a vida(AU)

A INFLU��NCIA DAS PR��TICAS PEDAG��GICAS DOCENTES E DAS BARREIRAS DISCENTES SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIATIVIDADE DO FUTURO ADMINISTRADOR

As empresas que almejam garantir e melhorar sua posi����o dentro de em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo precisam estar sempre atualizadas e em constante evolu����o. Na busca cont��nua por essa evolu����o, investem em projetos de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D) e em seu capital humano para promover a criatividade e a inova����o organizacional. As pessoas t��m papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da inova����o, mas para que isso possa florescer de forma constante �� preciso comprometimento e criatividade para a gera����o de ideias. Criatividade �� pensar o novo; inova����o �� fazer acontecer. Por��m, encontrar pessoas com essas qualidades nem sempre �� tarefa f��cil e muitas vezes �� preciso estimular essas habilidades e caracter��sticas para que se tornem efetivamente criativas. Os cursos de gradua����o podem ser uma importante ferramenta para trabalhar esses aspectos, caracter��sticas e habilidades, usando m��todos e pr��ticas de ensino que auxiliem no desenvolvimento da criatividade, pois o ambiente ensino-aprendizagem pesa significativamente na forma����o das pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo �� de identificar quais fatores t��m maior influ��ncia sobre o desenvolvimento da criatividade em um curso de gradua����o em administra����o, analisando a influ��ncia das pr��ticas pedag��gicas dos docentes e as barreiras internas dos discentes. O referencial te��rico se baseia principalmente nos trabalhos de Alencar, Fleith, Torrance e Wechsler. A pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa teve como p��blico-alvo os alunos do curso de Administra����o de uma universidade confessional da Grande S��o Paulo, que responderam 465 question��rios compostos de tr��s escalas. Para as pr��ticas docentes foi adaptada a escala de Pr��ticas Docentes em rela����o �� Criatividade. Para as barreiras internas foi adaptada a escala de Barreiras da Criatividade Pessoal. Para a an��lise da percep����o do desenvolvimento da criatividade foi constru��da e validada uma escala baseada no referencial de caracter��sticas de uma pessoa criativa. As an��lises estat��sticas descritivas e fatoriais explorat��rias foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), enquanto as an��lises fatoriais confirmat��rias e a mensura����o da influ��ncia das pr��ticas pedag��gicas e das barreiras internas sobre a percep����o do desenvolvimento da criatividade foram realizadas por modelagem de equa����o estrutural utilizando o algoritmo Partial Least Squares (PLS), no software Smart PLS 2.0. Os resultados apontaram que as pr��ticas pedag��gicas e as barreiras internas dos discentes explicam 40% da percep����o de desenvolvimento da criatividade, sendo as pr��ticas pedag��gicas que exercem maior influencia. A pesquisa tamb��m apontou que o tipo de tem��tica e o per��odo em que o aluno est�� cursando n��o t��m influ��ncia sobre nenhum dos tr��s construtos, somente o professor influencia as pr��ticas pedag��gicas.

ANALISANDO A RELA����O DOS VOLUMES DE EXPORTA����O E DE IMPORTA����O, PIB, TAXAS DE C��MBIO E INFLA����O NO PER��ODO DE 2004 A 2014. S��O BERNARDO DO CAMPO 2015

As empresas que almejam garantir e melhorar sua posi����o dentro de em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo precisam estar sempre atualizadas e em constante evolu����o. Na busca cont��nua por essa evolu����o, investem em projetos de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D) e em seu capital humano para promover a criatividade e a inova����o organizacional. As pessoas t��m papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da inova����o, mas para que isso possa florescer de forma constante �� preciso comprometimento e criatividade para a gera����o de ideias. Criatividade �� pensar o novo; inova����o �� fazer acontecer. Por��m, encontrar pessoas com essas qualidades nem sempre �� tarefa f��cil e muitas vezes �� preciso estimular essas habilidades e caracter��sticas para que se tornem efetivamente criativas. Os cursos de gradua����o podem ser uma importante ferramenta para trabalhar esses aspectos, caracter��sticas e habilidades, usando m��todos e pr��ticas de ensino que auxiliem no desenvolvimento da criatividade, pois o ambiente ensino-aprendizagem pesa significativamente na forma����o das pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo �� de identificar quais fatores t��m maior influ��ncia sobre o desenvolvimento da criatividade em um curso de gradua����o em administra����o, analisando a influ��ncia das pr��ticas pedag��gicas dos docentes e as barreiras internas dos discentes. O referencial te��rico se baseia principalmente nos trabalhos de Alencar, Fleith, Torrance e Wechsler. A pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa teve como p��blico-alvo os alunos do curso de Administra����o de uma universidade confessional da Grande S��o Paulo, que responderam 465 question��rios compostos de tr��s escalas. Para as pr��ticas docentes foi adaptada a escala de Pr��ticas Docentes em rela����o �� Criatividade. Para as barreiras internas foi adaptada a escala de Barreiras da Criatividade Pessoal. Para a an��lise da percep����o do desenvolvimento da criatividade foi constru��da e validada uma escala baseada no referencial de caracter��sticas de uma pessoa criativa. As an��lises estat��sticas descritivas e fatoriais explorat��rias foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), enquanto as an��lises fatoriais confirmat��rias e a mensura����o da influ��ncia das pr��ticas pedag��gicas e das barreiras internas sobre a percep����o do desenvolvimento da criatividade foram realizadas por modelagem de equa����o estrutural utilizando o algoritmo Partial Least Squares (PLS), no software Smart PLS 2.0. Os resultados apontaram que as pr��ticas pedag��gicas e as barreiras internas dos discentes explicam 40% da percep����o de desenvolvimento da criatividade, sendo as pr��ticas pedag��gicas que exercem maior influencia. A pesquisa tamb��m apontou que o tipo de tem��tica e o per��odo em que o aluno est�� cursando n��o t��m influ��ncia sobre nenhum dos tr��s construtos, somente o professor influencia as pr��ticas pedag��gicas.

Democratization of local government in Brazil : decentralisation and people's councils

This research studies two cases of implementation of alternative strategies for municipal government reform in Brazil, decentralisation and People's Councils. The aim is to answer the following general question: `Can decentralisation and People's Councils be a means for democratization of municipal government in Brazil?'. The hypothesis is that initiatives to reform Brazilian municipal governments face problems that are characteristic of the Brazilian political and administrative reality. These problems are considered obstacles for the development of those initiatives and accordingly, for democratization of municipal government in Brazil. After an introduction and outline in Chapter One, Chapter Two discusses four main theories concerning local government. Chapter Three discusses decentralisation and People's Councils are discussed in Chapter Four. Chapter Five presents a historical, political and economic overview of Brazil. Chapter Six deals with Brazilian Federalism and Municipal Government. The main aspects of the Municipal Government are presented as well as the development of municipal autonomy through the various Federal Constitutions and cases of People's Councils and decentralisation in municipalities in Brazil. Chapter Seven presents the political parties responsible for the initiatives, the PSDB (Brazilian Social Democratic Party) in the case of decentralisation, and the PT (Workers' Party) in the case of People's Councils. In Chapter Eight the research strategy and the data collection techniques are described. Chapters Nine and Ten present decentralisation implemented by the PSDB in Belo Horizonte, the Minas Gerais state capital and People's Councils introduced by the PT in the town of Ipatinga in the same state. Conclusions are presented in Chapter Eleven and include a comparison and discussion of the two cases. The thesis shows that these experiments with alternative strategies of local government face problems that are generally current in Brazilian political and administrative reality. Those problems are concerned with unwillingness to decentralise power, clientelism, low levels of participation of civil society and the `political' use of the structures implemented.

Extrafiscalidade: an��lise da norma potiguar regulamentadora do imposto sobre propriedade veicular automotora �� luz da tutela ambiental

From the second half of the twentieth century the state bega n to use exaction beyond your fiscalist character, also as a means of alignment deformities economic and social balance, influencing in different directions, according to economic, social and political policy. It is what is usually called the extrafiscalit y. It is in light of this phenomenon and the constitutional perspective, the present work aims to analyze item IV of article. 8 of Law n. 6.967/96, regulatory Property Tax Vehicle Automotive (property taxes) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in view of its possible incompatibility with the principles of the Basic Statute and with international guidelines for protection of the environment The problem of this research is Seated in art. 225 of the Constitution, which provides that everyone has the right to an ecologically balanced environment. From the reading of this standard, extracted it is the responsibility of the state protecting the environment, which requires the adoption of suitable actions to that end. However, we look to state law cited follows th e constitutional path, since it exempts the collection of property taxes automotive vehicles with over 10 years of manufacturing, which could encourage the conservation of a fleet of old vehicles, mostly more polluting and harmful to the environment and hu man health. Would the state legislature oblivious to the constitutional principles and the global trend of environmental preservation? Thus questions whether such an incentive for more polluting vehicles, emitting more gases in the atmosphere. Moreover, th e international community is already moving through important conventions in an attempt to minimize and control global warming and climate change. Predicting the theme in CF/88 demonstrates that the country is no stranger to the issue. Thus, the work is a retelling of Law No. 6.967/96 order to check whether it is compatible with the existing system. The methodology consists of a documentary, deductive, dialectical literature. At the end of the survey, it was found that provide a tax benefit to these vehicle s is encouraged to maintain them in circulation and contribute to the increase in air and noise pollution, in addition to the traffic problems generated. Thus, this potiguar anything standard can be expressed extrafiscality because the medium and long term there is encouragement and worsening environmental problem. Despite the ability to pay clause, but this remission is an affront to legally protected interests. Thus, this device goes in reverse order compared to the values of the legal system and in relat ion to sustainable development. Modern Tax Law should be used as a tool to achieve the purposes collimated by the State, and not otherwise. It was noticed that the vast majority of Brazilian states does not follow this rule, including Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais have no such exemption. Therefore, the RN State does not constitute a model for sustainable public policies, nor example of environmental protection by state law.

When wolves cry: long distance calling by wild maned wolves

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815) is the biggest canid in South America and it is considered a ���near threatened��� species by IUCN. Because of its nocturnal, territorial and solitary habits, there are still many understudied aspects of their behavior in natural environments, including acoustic communication. In its vocal repertoire, the wolf presents a longdistance call named ���roar-bark��� which, according to literature, functions for spacing maintenance between individuals and/or communication between members of the reproductive pair inside the territory. In this context, this study aimed: 1) to compare four methods for detecting maned wolf���s roar-barks in recordings made in a natural environment, in order to elect the most efficient one for our project; 2) to understand the night emission pattern of these vocalizations, verifying possible weather and moon phases influences in roarbark���s emission rates; and 3) to test Passive Acoustic Monitoring as a tool to identify the presence of maned wolves in a natural environment. The study area was the Serra da Canastra National Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil), where autonomous recorders were used for sound acquisition, recording all night (from 06pm to 06am) during five days in December/2013 and every day from April to July/2014. Roar-barks��� detection methods were tested and compared regarding time needed to analyze files, number of false positives and number of correctly identified calls. The mixed method (XBAT + manual) was the most efficient one, finding 100% of vocalizations in almost half of the time the manual method did, being chosen for our data analysis. By studying roarbarks��� temporal variation we verified that the wolves vocalize more in the early hours of the evening, suggesting an important social function for those calls at the beginning of its period of most intense activity. Average wind speed negatively influenced vocalization rate, which may indicate lower sound reception of recorders or a change in behavioral patterns of wolves in high speed wind conditions. A better understanding of seasonal variation of maned wolves��� vocal activity is required, but our study already shows that it is possible to detect behavioral patterns of wild animals only by sound, validating PAM as a tool in this species��� conservation.

Atua����o de psic��logos em Centros de Refer��ncia de Assist��ncia Social na regi��o amaz��nica do Maraj��

This study investigated the role of psychologists in Social Assistance Reference Centres in the Amazon region of Maraj��, considering its specificities: extensive territory, spread population and presence of native communities. Eleven interviews were conducted in 10 out of the total 16 cities. There���s a context of fragile economies and poor housing; incomplete or disarticulated public services; bad working conditions. The activities are ad hoc or asystematic. Promising experiences bet on decentralized and intersectoral services. Experiences from other groups point to the importance of long-term work. We conclude that a powerful way of action is to strengthen the sociability that is characteristic of the native peoples, valuing their knowledge and developing their social protagonism.

Ora����es relativas no portugu��s brasileiro em perspectiva hist��rica

In this study, we focus on the relativization strategies, in diachronic corpus of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Generally speaking, we aim to investigate the use of the relative in a historical perspective on BP, focusing on semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations involved and the correlation with the discursive traditions. The theoretical perspective underlying our study is the North-American Functional Linguistics, inspired by Talmy Giv��n, Sandra Thompson, Paul Hopper, Joan Bybee, Elizabeth Traugott, Mario Martelotta, Angelica Furtado da Cunha, among others, combined with contributions of Discursive Traditions, based on authors such as Kabatek, Koch and Oesterreicher. As for the methodology, our research is eminently qualitative, in the sense that it seeks to elucidate semantic-cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations related to the use of relativization strategies in BP; and it has quantitative support, with respect to measurable data aspect and characterization of the object of study and its frequency of use. For this investigation, we use the corpora of the project Para a História do Portugu��s Brasileiro (PHPB), more specifically, the particular, official, reader and redactor letters written between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, from four states: Minas Gerais, Paran��, Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro. The results of this research reveal the variation in relativization strategies, in view of the increase in the relativa cortadora (prepositional chopping strategy) percentage in the corpus of this investigation, even though the occurrence of this strategy is more restricted to private letters. In addition, we found factors of cognitive nature such as reduction in cognitive cost and economy related to the occurrence of that relative strategy, principally in private letters; aspects such as the need for expressiveness and clearness related to the use, even if infrequent, of the relativa copiadora (resumptive strategy), especially in official letters; and factors of communicative order such as the public sphere of circulation of the sample letters, as in the redactor and reader letters, and the gap between the parties most directly involved in the use of the standard relative of our sample.

Use of public oral health services by the adult population: a multilevel analysis

Background It is important to assess context to explain inequalities in oral health, particularly with regard to the type of service used; thus, this study aimed to identify the social determinants of public dental service use by adults and to assess whether, beyond the level individual, existing inequalities are also expressed in the context in which individuals are embedded. Methods A multilevel analysis with three levels of aggregation of variables was performed. The individual variables were derived from the database of the SB Minas Gerais project���a survey of oral health status of the population of Minas Gerais, a state of the Brazilian Southeast region. The variable at the neighborhood level came from the Census of 2010. The variables at the municipal level were obtained from available public databases relating to oral health services. At the municipal level, the Human Development Index (HDI) variable was chosen to represent quality of life in the municipalities. Results In the final model, the following individual variables were associated with greater use of public dental services: lower income (PR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.53; 2.58), higher number of residents at home (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11; 1.68) and higher number of teeth requiring treatment (PR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.20; 1.84). With regard to context variables, a poorer infrastructure (PR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40; 0.96) leads to a lower use of public services. Conclusion The use of public services is associated with family income, how this income is divided in households, the need for treatment presented by the individual and the organization of the existing oral health service infrastructure in the municipality.

Rede de aprendizagem em rob��tica : uma perspectiva educativa de trabalho com jovens

The present research sought to comprehend what is the development perspective of a collective work of educational robotics with high school students. The work started from the development activities Mathematics Sub Project of PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Inicia����o �� Doc��ncia, Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching Scholarship) in a school network from the state of Minas Gerais. The production process of data of this research was done through the follow up of high school students that participated in workshops robotics at the mentioned public school and were selected to continue the project at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Federal University of Uberl��ndia (UFU). Subsequently, these students were involved in activities related to Robotics championships, elapsed through different spaces in public and private schools of basic education, University and Non-Governmental Organization. The data at the research were registered by photos, videos, field notes, documents produced by the participants and arising from internet like the social media Facebook, questionnaires and, mainly, interviews. At the analysis process of data the followed axes were constituted: Movement Learning Network with Robotics; The Different Roles at the Robotics Events and Experiences in Engineering and Technology. By this axes we understand what is the trajectory of the constitution process of a learning network in educational robotics that we find in expansion and consolidation. In this network the research participants performed different roles which left imprints responsible for their transformation. As a more evident imprint, we detected the robot construction and programming, which as for as they moved their studies forward, they developed the subject autonomy, collaboration, sharing and technological authorship.

Oficina educomunicativa de produ����o de v��deos: constru����o de significados sobre problemas socioambientais

This research aims to analyze the meaning making by Elementary Education students from public schools of Uberl��ndia (Minas Gerais, Brazil) about the social and environmental problems of their surroundings as of audiovisual reading and expression skills. The theoretical framework is based on constructivism, through the study of contributions about: cognitive development; meaningful learning; cognitive processes and types of knowledge; principles of learning with technology; educommunication focused on critical media literacy; and critical environmental education. The study object is a video production workshop organized in nine meetings, from September to November 2015, attended by 15 students. The following data collection instruments were used: the materials produced by the participants, specifically guided critical media literacy, agenda, script and final video; researcher observations from his role as a mediator; and focal interviews. The analysis was divided into two axes: procedural knowledge ��� technical skills of critical media literacy and production; and conceptual and metacognitive knowledge ��� representation of social and environmental problems and metacognitive skills of critical media literacy. Data were coded in the form of a skill evaluation rubric and also in the form of graphs. Thus, despite the time constraints, it is inferred that the workshop helped students to deepen their understanding about the discussed content, which is reinforced by observing in the graphs how the constant progressive differentiation of more inclusive concepts occurred along the meetings. It is further considered that the workshop contributed to the students reflect on their way of learning through critical use of techniques of media literacy and production, which can be seen from the satisfactory learners performance in most elements evaluated by the rubrics, as well as from the success in identifying interlocutors, values and actions in the read and built texts, something revealed by the graphs.

Ensino colaborativo e educa����o f��sica: contribui����es �� inclus��o escolar

In Brazil, special education public is a challenge to all teachers, especially to Physical Education ones. Among others, it encompasses students with disabilities, students with intellectual giftedness, and students with pervasive developmental disorder. Besides posing challenges, the inclusion process causes worry and generates debates on problems that impede the full partaking of such pupils in schooling practices related to physical education. This thesis presents a research that focused on these matters by means of co-working involving the researcher and the Physical Education teacher in regular classrooms following co-teaching perspective. The starting point of the research is the following question: what contributions co-working involving Physical Education teacher and researcher may provide to people with disabilities and to Physical Education teacher in regular schools attended by students who are the special education���s target? The research aimed at discussing and analyzing the development of such co-working activity involving the researcher and Physical Education teacher. It followed co-teaching perspective and was put into practice in a public school in Uberl��ndia, state of Minas Gerais. Participant qualitative approach, which recognizes relations between social sciences and intervention in social reality, was the methodological choice to develop the research in three phases: 1) making the research; 2) intervening in social reality; 3) assessing/diagnosing it. Strategies to gather data included semi structured interview, questionnaire, participant observation, and group interview. Data come, above all, from oral accounts as well as from the work by the group of participants of the research, which means, researcher, Physical Education teacher who works at regular schools and three teachers who deal with AEE (Atendimento Educacional Especial), a special educational teaching program. The concept of inclusion is discussed accordingly to authors such as Miranda (2001), Mantoan (2001), Duarte and Santos (2003), Mittler (2003), Rodrigues (2006), and Bueno (2008). The conception of co-working is developed in the light of studies by Capellini (2004) and Mendes (2009), among others. Results point out not only initial conditions of anguish, doubts and hardships, but also a will to debate difficulties Physical Education teachers face in their daily pedagogical activities at school. Likewise, results showed that teachers who took part in the research are interested in continuing their training in connection with co-teaching as strategy to teach physical education at inclusive schools.