Evaluation Of An Extended Duct Air Delivery System For Spaces Conditioned By Rooftop Units

Traditional air delivery to high-bay buildings involves ceiling level supply and return ducts that create an almost-uniform temperature in the space. Problems with this system include potential recirculation of supply air and higher-than-necessary return air temperatures. A new air delivery strategy was investigated that involves changing the height of conventional supply and return ducts to have control over thermal stratification in the space. A full-scale experiment using ten vertical temperature profiles was conducted in a manufacturing facility over one year. The experimental data was utilized to validated CFD and EnergyPlus models. CFD simulation results show that supplying air directly to the occupied zone increases stratification while holding thermal comfort constant during the cooling operation. The building energy simulation identified how return air temperature offset, set point offset, and stratification influence the building���s energy consumption. A utility bill analysis for cooling shows 28.8% HVAC energy savings while the building energy simulation shows 19.3 ��� 37.4% HVAC energy savings.

High Quality Acoustic Time History Measurements of Rotor Harmonic Noise in Confined Spaces

A methodology has been developed and presented to enable the use of small to medium scale acoustic hover facilities for the quantitative measurement of rotor impulsive noise. The methodology was applied to the University of Maryland Acoustic Chamber resulting in accurate measurements of High Speed Impulsive (HSI) noise for rotors running at tip Mach numbers between 0.65 and 0.85 ��� with accuracy increasing as the tip Mach number was increased. Several factors contributed to the success of this methodology including: ��� High Speed Impulsive (HSI) noise is characterized by very distinct pulses radiated from the rotor. The pulses radiate high frequency energy ��� but the energy is contained in short duration time pulses. ��� The first reflections from these pulses can be tracked (using ray theory) and, through adjustment of the microphone position and suitably applied acoustic treatment at the reflected surface, reduced to small levels. A computer code was developed that automates this process. The code also tracks first bounce reflection timing, making it possible to position the first bounce reflections outside of a measurement window. ��� Using a rotor with a small number of blades (preferably one) reduces the number of interfering first bounce reflections and generally improves the measured signal fidelity. The methodology will help the gathering of quantitative hovering rotor noise data in less than optimal acoustic facilities and thus enable basic rotorcraft research and rotor blade acoustic design.

Evaluation of Urban Spaces from the Perspective of Universal Design Principles: The Case of Konya/Turkey

During the process of accessing services provided within urban interior and outer spaces the elderly and disabled individuals encounter with a myriad of problems due to the limitations posed by structured environments. This limitation hinders elderly and disabled individuals from mobility without assistance, which in turn negatively affects their full participation to urban and social life. Rearrangement of urban spaces to meet the needs of elderly and disabled individuals would correspondingly bolster life quality of the entire range of users. Within the scope of present research, as mandated by universal design principles to stick to plans and designs approaches inclusive for all users, it is aimed to conduct evaluations on the use of urban outer spaces situated within Konya City Center. In the hypothetical and theoretical part of this paper, the perception of disability throughout historical process has been examined from a sociological perspective. In addition, concept of universal design, its principles and gravity have also been elaborated. In the part dealing with the case study, outer spaces within Konya City Center have been analyzed with respect to universal design principles and a range of suggestions have been developed.

Przestrzenne formy upami��tniania Zag��ady

This book is a synthesizing reflection on the Holocaust commemoration, in which space becomes a starting point for discussion. The author understands space primarily as an amalgam of physical and social components, where various commemorative processes may occur. The first part of the book draws attention to the material aspect of space, which determines its character and function. Material culture has been a long ignored and depreciated dimension of human culture in the humanities and social sciences, because it was perceived as passive and fully controlled by human will, and therefore insignificant in the course of social and historical processes. An example of the Nazi system perfectly illustrates how important were the restrictions and prohibitions on the usage of mundane objects, and in general, the whole material culture in relation to macro and micro space management ��� the state, cities, neighborhoods and houses, but also parks and swimming pools, factories and offices or shops and theaters. The importance of things and space was also clearly visible in exploitative policies present in overcrowded ghettos and concentration and death camps. For this very reason, when we study spatial forms of Holocaust commemoration, it should be acknowledged that the first traces, proofs and mementoes of the murdered were their things. The first "monuments" showing the enormity of the destruction are thus primarily gigantic piles of objects ��� shoes, glasses, toys, clothes, suitcases, toothbrushes, etc., which together with the extensive camps��� space try to recall the scale of a crime impossible to understand or imagine. The first chapter shows the importance of introducing the material dimension in thinking about space and commemoration, and it ends with a question about one of the key concepts for the book, a monument, which can be understood as both object (singular or plural) and architecture (sculptures, buildings, highways). However, the term monument tends to be used rather in a later and traditional sense, as an architectural, figurative form commemorating the heroic deeds, carved in stone or cast in bronze. Therefore, the next chapter reconstructs this narrower line of thinking, together with a discussion about what form a monument commemorating a subject as delicate and sensitive as the Holocaust should take on. This leads to an idea of the counter-monument, the concept which was supposed to be the answer to the mentioned representational dilemma on the one hand, and which would disassociate it from the Nazi���s traditional monuments on the other hand. This chapter clarifies the counter-monument definition and explains the misunderstandings and confusions generated on the basis of this concept by following the dynamics of the new commemorative form and by investigating monuments from the ���80s and ���90s erected in Germany. In the next chapter, I examine various forms of the Holocaust commemoration in Berlin, a city famous for its bold, monumental, and even controversial projects. We find among them the entire spectrum of memorials ��� big, monumental, and abstract forms, like Peter Eisenman���s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe or Daniel Liebeskind���s Jewish Museum Berlin; flat, invisible, and employing the idea of emptiness, like Christian Boltanski���s Missing House or Micha Ullman���s Book Burning Memorial; the dispersed and decentralized, like Renata Stih and Frieder Schnock���s Memory Places or Gunter Demnig���s Stumbling Blocks. I enrich descriptions of the monuments by signaling at this point their second, extended life, which manifests itself in the alternative modes of (mis)use, consisting of various social activities or artistic performances. The formal wealth of the outlined projects creates a wide panorama of possible solutions to the Holocaust commemoration problems. However, the discussions accompanying the building of monuments and their "future life" after realization emphasize the importance of the social component that permeates the biography of the monument, and therefore significantly influences its foreseen design. The book also addresses the relationship of space, place and memory in a specific situation, when commemoration is performed secretly or remains as unrealized potential. Although place is the most common space associated with memory, today the nature of this relationship changes, and is what indicates popularity and employment of such terms as Marc Aug�����s non-places or Pierre Nora���s site of memory. I include and develop these concepts about space and memory in my reflections to describe qualitatively different phenomena occurring in Central and Eastern European countries. These are unsettling places in rural areas like glades or parking lots, markets and playgrounds in urban settings. I link them to the post-war time and modernization processes and call them sites of non-memory and non-sites of memory. Another part of the book deals with a completely different form of commemoration called Mystery of memory. Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre in Lublin initiated it in 2000 and as a form it situates itself closer to the art of theater than architecture. Real spaces and places of everyday interactions become a stage for these performances, such as the ���Jewish town��� in Lublin or the Majdanek concentration camp. The minimalist scenography modifies space and reveals its previously unseen dimensions, while the actors ��� residents and people especially related to places like survivors and Righteous Among the Nations ��� are involved in the course of the show thanks to various rituals and symbolic gestures. The performance should be distinguished from social actions, because it incorporates tools known from religious rituals and art, which together saturate the mystery of memory with an aura of uniqueness. The last discussed commemoration mode takes the form of exposition space. I examine an exhibition concerning the fate of the incarcerated children presented in one of the barracks of the Majdanek State Museum in Lublin. The Primer ��� Children in Majdanek Camp is unique for several reasons. First, because even though it is exhibited in the camp barrack, it uses a completely different filter to tell the story of the camp in comparison to the exhibitions in the rest of the barracks. For this reason, one experiences immersing oneself in all subsequent levels of space and narrative accompanying them ��� at first, in a general narrative about the camp, and later in a specifically arranged space marked by children���s experiences, their language and thinking, and hence formed in a way more accessible for younger visitors. Second, the exhibition resigns from didacticism and distancing descriptions, and takes an advantage of eyewitnesses and survivors��� testimonies instead. Third, the exhibition space evokes an aura of strangeness similar to a fairy tale or a dream. It is accomplished thanks to the arrangement of various, usually highly symbolic material objects, and by favoring the fragrance and phonic sensations, movement, while belittling visual stimulations. The exhibition creates an impression of a place open to thinking and experiencing, and functions as an asylum, a radically different form to its camp surrounding characterized by a more overwhelming and austere space.

Solutions of Tikhonov functional equations and applications to multiplication operators on Szeg�� spaces

We consider a natural representation of solutions for Tikhonov functional equations. This will be done by applying the theory of reproducing kernels to the approximate solutions of general bounded linear operator equations (when defined from reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces into general Hilbert spaces), by using the Hilbert-Schmidt property and tensor product of Hilbert spaces. As a concrete case, we shall consider generalized fractional functions formed by the quotient of Bergman functions by Szeg�� functions considered from the multiplication operators on the Szeg�� spaces.

Governmentality and exclusion in post-disaster spaces : conducting the conduct of the survivors of Typhoon Sendong in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines

Lorsque les al��as naturels se d��roulent en catastrophes, les r��ponses des religieux, de l���Etat, et d���autres acteurs puissants dans une soci��t�� r��v��lent �� la fois les relations complexes entre ces parties et leur pouvoir dans la production des espaces auxquelles les survivants acc��dent. La r��ponse en cas de catastrophe comprend la cr��ation d���espaces post-catastrophes, tels que des centres d�����vacuation, des logements de transition et des sites de r��installation permanente, qui ciblent sp��cifiquement un sous-ensemble particulier de survivants, et visent �� les aider �� survivre, �� faire face, et �� se remettre de la catastrophe. Les acteurs puissants dans une soci��t�� dirigent les processus de secours, de r��cup��ration et de reconstruction sont des acteurs puissants qui cherchent �� probl��matiser et �� rendre un probl��me technique dans des termes qu���ils sont id��alement plac��s pour aborder �� travers une vari��t�� d'interventions. Ce projet de recherche vise �� r��pondre �� la question: o�� les survivants d'une catastrophe reconstruisent-ils leurs vies et leurs moyens de subsistance? Il enqu��te sur un cas sp��cifique de la migration environnementale dans laquelle des dizaines de milliers d'habitants ont ��t�� d��plac��s de fa��on permanente et temporaire de leurs r��sidences habituelles apr��s le typhon Sendong �� Cagayan de Oro, Philippines en 2011. La recherche est bas��e sur des entretiens avec les acteurs puissants et les survivants, des vid��os participatives r��alis��es par des survivants pauvres urbains, et des activit��s de cartographie. L�����tude se fonde sur la th��orie f��ministe, les ��tudes de migration, les ��tudes dans la gouvernementalit��, la recherche sur les changements de l���environnement plan��taire, et les ��tudes r��gionales afin de situer les diverses exp��riences de la migration dans un contexte g��ographique et historique. Cette th��se propose une topographie critique dans laquelle les processus et les pratiques de production d���espaces post-catastrophe sont expos��s. Parce que l���espace est n��cessairement mall��able, fluide, et relationnelle en raison de l'��volution constante des activit��s, des conflits, et des exp��riences qui se d��roulent dans le paysage, une analyse de l'espace doit ��tre formul��e en termes de relations sociales qui se produisent dans et au-del�� de ses fronti��res poreuses. En cons��quence, cette ��tude explore comment les relations sociales entre les survivants et les acteurs puissants sont li��es �� l���exclusion, la gouvernementalit��, la mobilit��, et la production des espaces, des lieux et des territoires. Il constate que, si les trajectoires de migration de la plupart des survivants ont ��t�� confin��s �� l'int��rieur des limites de la ville, les exp��riences de ces survivants et leur utilisation des espaces urbains sont tr��s diff��rentes. Ces diff��rences peuvent ��tre expliqu��es par des structures politiques, ��conomiques, et sociales, et par les diff��rences religieuses, ��conomiques, et de genre. En outre, il fait valoir que les espaces post-catastrophe doivent ��tre consid��r��s comme des ��espaces d���exclusion�� o�� les fiduciaires exercent une rationalit�� gouvernementale. C���est-��-dire, les espaces post-catastrophe pr��tendument inclusives servent �� marginaliser davantage les populations vuln��rables. Ces espaces offrent aussi des occasions pour les acteurs puissants dans la soci��t�� philippine d'effectuer des interventions gouvernementales dans lesquelles certaines personnes et les paysages sont simplifi��es, rendues lisibles, et am��lior��s.

Invertibility characterization of Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel operators on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces via even asymmetric factorization

We obtain invertibility and Fredholm criteria for the Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel operators acting between variable exponent Lebesgue spaces on the real line. Such characterizations are obtained via the so-called even asymmetric factorization which is applied to the Fourier symbols of the operators under study.

Linear non-local diffusion problems in metric measure spaces

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study of some linear non-local diffusion problems in metric measure spaces. These include, for example, open subsets in ���N, graphs, manifolds, multi-structures and some fractal sets. For this, we study regularity, compactness, positivity and the spectrum of the stationary non-local operator. We then study the solutions of linear evolution non-local diffusion problems, with emphasis on similarities and differences with the standard heat equation in smooth domains. In particular, we prove weak and strong maximum principles and describe the asymptotic behaviour using spectral methods.

Reasoning over knowledge-based generation of situations in context spaces to reduce food waste

With the ever-growing amount of connected sensors (IoT), making sense of sensed data becomes even more important. Pervasive computing is a key enabler for sustainable solutions, prominent examples are smart energy systems and decision support systems. A key feature of pervasive systems is situation awareness which allows a system to thoroughly understand its environment. It is based on external interpretation of data and thus relies on expert knowledge. Due to the distinct nature of situations in different domains and applications, the development of situation aware applications remains a complex process. This thesis is concerned with a general framework for situation awareness which simplifies the development of applications. It is based on the Situation Theory Ontology to provide a foundation for situation modelling which allows knowledge reuse. Concepts of the Situation Theory are mapped to the Context Space Theory which is used for situation reasoning. Situation Spaces in the Context Space are automatically generated with the defined knowledge. For the acquisition of sensor data, the IoT standards O-MI/O-DF are integrated into the framework. These allow a peer-to-peer data exchange between data publisher and the proposed framework and thus a platform independent subscription to sensed data. The framework is then applied for a use case to reduce food waste. The use case validates the applicability of the framework and furthermore serves as a showcase for a pervasive system contributing to the sustainability goals. Leading institutions, e.g. the United Nations, stress the need for a more resource efficient society and acknowledge the capability of ICT systems. The use case scenario is based on a smart neighbourhood in which the system recommends the most efficient use of food items through situation awareness to reduce food waste at consumption stage.

On Besov spaces modelled on Zygmund spaces

Working on the d-torus, we show that Besov spaces Bps(Lp(logL)a) modelled on Zygmund spaces can be described in terms of classical Besov spaces. Several other properties of spaces Bps(Lp(logL)a) are also established. In particular, in the critical case s=d/p, we characterize the embedding of Bpd/p(Lp(logL)a) into the space of continuous functions.

Mackey topology on locally convex spaces and on locally quasi-convex groups. Similarities and historical remarks

A counterpart of the Mackey���Arens Theorem for the class of locally quasi-convex topological Abelian groups (LQC-groups) was initiated in Chasco et al. (Stud Math 132(3):257���284, 1999). Several authors have been interested in the problems posed there and have done clarifying contributions, although the main question of that source remains open. Some differences between the Mackey Theory for locally convex spaces and for locally quasi-convex groups, stem from the following fact: The supremum of all compatible locally quasi-convex topologies for a topological abelian group G may not coincide with the topology of uniform convergence on the weak quasi-convex compact subsets of the dual groupG���. Thus, a substantial part of the classical Mackey���Arens Theorem cannot be generalized to LQC-groups. Furthermore, the mentioned fact gives rise to a grading in the property of ���being a Mackey group���, as defined and thoroughly studied in D��az Nieto and Mart��n-Peinador (Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics 80:119���144, 2014). At present it is not known���and this is the main open question���if the supremum of all the compatible locally quasi-convex topologies on a topological group is in fact a compatible topology. In the present paper we do a sort of historical review on the Mackey Theory, and we compare it in the two settings of locally convex spaces and of locally quasi-convex groups. We point out some general questions which are still open, under the name of Problems.

Sharing through Collaborative Spaces: Enhancing Collaborative Networks Interoperability

Part 14: Interoperability and Integration

Truncated projective spaces, Brown���Gitler spectra and indecomposable A(1)-modules

<p>MSC 19L41; 55S10.</p>

Convolution of Orbital Measures on Symmetric Spaces of type Cp and Dp

International audience