Morphology and initial growth in the germination of dictyosperma album (bory) h. wendl. & drude ex scheffer (Arecaceae) seeds

Dictyosperma album, commonly known as Princess Palm, due to its graceful appearance and its ability to withstand strong hurricane force winds is largely used in landscaping areas. The aim of this work was to describe the diaspores (seeds with the stuck endocarp) morphology and the stages of the D. album germination process. Therefore we concluded that the species germination is of the tubular remote type and begins with the opening of a circular operculum in the fruit endocarp, through which emerges a bulbous and hollow structure, named cotyledonal petiole or embryophore. With the embryo growth, the endosperm is being gradually consumed. The embryo grows approximately up to 10 cm, when the dilation begins in its extremity. Starting from this extensive area, it begins the growth of the primary root and the opening of a longitudinal rift, through which emerges the aerial part that is composed by two sheaths that cover the first juvenile leaf. In this phase, the emergence of secondary roots is observed. The first leaves are simple and lance-shaped.

Chemical control of pilea microphylla in euterpe oleraceae nurseries with oxyfluorfen

The açai palm is a Brazilian native species and economically important, grown for the hearts of palm and fruit extraction, as well as the seedling production for ornamental purposes. The weed control is one of the concerns observed in seedling production, which has the artillery plant (Pilea microphylla) with the major and widespread occurrence. Thus, the aim of this trial was to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy of oxyfluorfen in artillery plant control in açai (Euterpe oleracea) seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, using 2 types of herbicide application: broadcast spraying (sprayed over total area) and spot spraying (directed to the target) and 3 oxyfluorfen dosages (0, 72 and 144 g of active ingredient ha-1) with four replications. Each experimental unit consisted by one açai palm pot infested by artillery plant. They ere visually evaluated for seedling toxicity and the weed control percentage, at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application (DAA). There was 100% control of artillery plant from 15 to 60 DAA for the two tested dosages, regardless of application type. However, 100% control was observed at 7 days, using 1.5 L ha-1 in the spot type. The effects of phytotoxicity from 30 to 60 days was moderate, regardless the application method or dosage.

Temperature and scarification on seeds germination of copernicia prunifera (Mill) H.E. Moore (Arecaceae)

Copernicia prunifera, known as carnauba, is native to Brazil and presents great potential to be used in gardens and cultivation in pot. Palms species, with relatively few exceptions, can only be propagated by seeds; even so, there are no reports in the literature about the germination of this palm seeds. Several species of the Arecaceae family present seed physical dormancy in varying degrees, demanding treatments to improve germination. The objective of this work was to study the effects of temperature and mechanical scarification on seed germination of C. prunifera. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 6 x 2 (six conditions of temperature with or without mechanical scarification) with 4 replications and 25 seeds each. In accordance with the treatment, lateral scarifications were made on the seeds until appearance of the endosperm. Seeds were sown in moist fine vermiculite. Germination (%) and germination rate (GR) were evaluated. Germination data were arcsine (x/100)1/2 transformed before analysis of variance and germination rate data were not transformed. The means of the resulting values were then compared by the Scott-Knott test at 1% confidence level. It was concluded that the biggest germination percentage were obtained at alternated temperature of 25-35°C (92%) and at constant temperature of 25°C (87%). Seeds germinated faster at alternated temperature of 25- 35°C. Germination percentage was similar for the scarified and non-scarified seeds; however, scarified seeds germinated faster.

Seed germination of two Syagrus species native to Brazil

Palm species native to Brazil such as Syagrus picrophylla and S. schizophylla have great ornamental value and for this reason are much demanded for use in landscape. Its propagation is by seeds and often presents considerable problems to nursery managers because their seed has a hard and impermeable shell. Temperature is one of the factors that influence the seed germination process; however, the information for these species is scarce. Thus, this work aimed to study the effects of temperature regimes on the germination of S. picrophylla and S. schizophylla seeds and develop some recommendations in which temperature will obtain high rates of seed germination. The experimental design was entirely randomized with six temperatures and four replications of 25 seeds for each species. Germination and germination rate were evaluated. Higher and faster germination of S. picrophylla and S. schizophylla seeds were verified at constant temperature of 30°C and 35°C; and alternated temperature at 25-35°C.

Can overharvesting of a non-timber-forest-product change the regeneration dynamics of a tropical rainforest? The case study of Euterpe edulis

The exploitation of non-timber forest products is often considered a low-impact activity in tropical forests. However, assessments of the impacts of such activity are mostly focused on the harvested species and not on the plant community, thus limiting our understanding for establishing forest management recommendations. We investigated the consequences of Euterpe edulis palm heart harvesting on the seed rain in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. We compared the density of E. edulis individuals, as well as the density of E. edulis seeds, and the density, richness and functional composition of seed rain of the whole plant community, before and after palm heart harvesting in a 10 ha permanent plot. This assessment was carried out in preserved (typical old-growth Atlantic rainforest) and in disturbed (more open habitat dominated by the native bamboo Guadua tagoara) forest patches. Palm harvesting reduced the E. edulis population from 202.16 to 25.67 ind/ha and its seed rain density from 0.362 to 0.3 seeds/m2 and from 2.395 to 0.15 seeds/m2 in preserved and disturbed forest patches, respectively. Seed density of light-dependent climbers, pioneer trees, bamboo and animal-dispersed seeds increased after palm harvesting, especially in the disturbed forest patches, where palm harvesting was more intense and may have changed the light regime of the understory. On the other hand, species richness of the plant community declined by half. We observed a remarkable decline in the number of animal-dispersed species, especially for those with large seeds, suggesting that the activity of seed dispersers, including many species attracted by E. edulis fruits, was reduced. Therefore, harvesting of E. edulis palm heart may change the regeneration dynamics of the Atlantic rainforest, both due to shifts in forest structure, mediated by the removal of individuals from the forest canopy, and in community functioning, mediated by the interference on the activity of seed dispersers. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Variação espacial nas interações entre o palmito Euterpe edulis e as aves frugívoras: implicações para a dispersão de sementes

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Respostas fisiológicas e morfológicas de sementes de palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) à luz, temperatura, desidratação e aplicação de giberelinas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Limitações bióticas afetando o recrutamento da palmeira Euterpe edulis em uma ilha continental da Mata Atlântica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Reproductive phenology and fruit production on a land bridge island in the brazilian atlantic forest

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Variação espaço-temporal na fenologia e frugivoria do palmito juçara Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecaceae) em três tipos de floresta atlântica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Caracterização do óleo de frutos de tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) para produção de biodiesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização química, microbiológica e farmacognóstica da polpa de coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata (Mart) Becc) produzida em Arinos-MG

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo das características físico-químicas dos óleos da amêndoa e polpa da macaúba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart]

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Painéis alternativos produzidos a partir de resíduos termoplásticos e da pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise econômica e energética de sistema agroflorestal para implantação na terra indígena Araribá - Município de Avaí-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)