909 resultados para Palace
Resumo:
This paper investigates the use of explicit structures of information in architectural design. Particularly, it approaches the use of diagrams related to cybernetics and information theory in experimental practices in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It analyses the diagram of cybernetic control proposed by the cybernetician Gordon Pask for the Fun Palace, the diagrams produced by the utopian architect Yona Friedman in the conceptual description of the Flatwriter program and Christopher Alexander’s diagrams and his theories of Synthesis of Form and Pattern Language. Finally it establishes a brief parallel between current domestication and use of dataflow programming with the cybernetic diagrams, highlighting differences in their complexity approach.
Biofilms on exposed monumental stones: mechanism of formation and development of new control methods
Resumo:
Within the stone monumental artefacts artistic fountains are extremely favorable to formation of biofilms, giving rise to biodegradation processes related with physical-chemical and visual aspect alterations, because of their particular exposure conditions. Microbial diversity of five fountains (two from Spain and three from Italy) was investigated. It was observed an ample similarity between the biodiversity of monumental stones reported in literature and that one found in studied fountains. Mechanical procedures and toxic chemical products are usually employed to remove such phototrophic patinas. Alternative methods based on natural antifouling substances are recently experimented in the marine sector, due to their very low environmental impact and for the bio settlement prevention on partially immersed structures of ships. In the present work groups of antibiofouling agents (ABAs) were selected from literature for their ability to interfere, at molecular level, with the microbial communication system “quorum sensing”, inhibiting the initial phase of biofilm formation. The efficacy of some natural antibiofoulants agents (ABAs) with terrestrial (Capsaicine - CS, Cinnamaldehyde - CI) and marine origin (Zosteric Acid - ZA, poly-Alkyl Pyridinium Salts – pAPS and Ceramium botryocarpum extract - CBE), incorporated into two commercial coatings (Silres BS OH 100 - S and Wacker Silres BS 290 - W) commonly used in stone conservation procedures were evaluated. The formation of phototrophic biofilms in laboratory conditions (on Carrara marble specimens and Sierra Elvira stone) and on two monumental fountains (Tacca’s Fountain 2 - Florence, Italy and Fountain from Patio de la Lindaraja - Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain) has been investigated in the presence or absence of these natural antifouling agents. The natural antibiofouling agents, at tested concentrations, demonstrated a certain inhibitory effect. The silane-siloxane based silicone coating (W) mixing with ABAs was more suitable with respect to ethyl silicate coating (S) and proved efficacy against biofilm formation only when incompletely cured. The laboratory results indicated a positive action in inhibiting the patina formation, especially for poly-alkyl pyridinium salts, zosteric acid and cinnamaldehyde, while on site tests revealed a good effect for zosteric acid.
Resumo:
For some study cases (the Cathedral of Modena, Italy, XII-XIV century; the Ducal Palace in Mantua, Italy, XVI century; the church of San Francesco in Fano, Italy, XIV-XIX century), considered as representative of the use of natural and artificial stones in historical architecture, the complex interaction between environ-mental aggressiveness, materials’ microstructural characteristics and degradation was investigated. From the results of such analyses, it was found that materials microstructure plays a fundamental role in the actual extent to which weathering mechanisms affect natural and artificial stones. Consequently, the need of taking into account the important role of material microstructure, when evaluating the environmental aggressiveness to natural and artificial stones, was highlighted. Therefore, a possible quantification of the role of microstructure on the resistance to environmental attack was investigated. By exposing stone samples, with significantly different microstructural features, to slightly acidic aqueous solutions, simulating clean and acid rain, a good correlation between weight losses and the product of carbonate content and specific surface area (defined as the “vulnerable specific surface area”) was found. Alongside the evaluation of stone vulnerability, the development of a new consolidant for weathered carbonate stones was undertaken. The use of hydroxya-patite, formed by reacting the calcite of the stone with an aqueous solution of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, was found to be a promising consolidating tech-nique for carbonates stones. Indeed, significant increases in the mechanical prop-erties can be achieved after the treatment, which has the advantage of simply con-sisting in a non-hazardous aqueous solution, able to penetrate deeply into the stone (> 2 cm) and bring significant strengthening after just 2 days of reaction. Furthermore, the stone sorptivity is not eliminated after treatment, so that water and water vapor exchanges between the stone and the environment are not com-pletely blocked.
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La tesi ha come oggetto il rinnovamento urbano che fu realizzato a Faenza per opera del suo signore Carlo II Manfredi tra il 1468 e il 1477, d’accordo con il fratello, il vescovo Federico. La prima opera realizzata da Carlo fu il portico a due livelli che dotò di una nuova facciata il suo palazzo di residenza, di origini medievali. Questa architettura sarebbe stata il preludio di un riordino generale della piazza principale della città, probabilmente allo scopo di ricreare un foro all’antica, come prescritto dai trattati di Vitruvio e di Alberti. L’aspetto originale del loggiato rinascimentale, desumibile da documentazione archivistica e iconografica, permette di attribuirlo con una certa probabilità a Giuliano da Maiano. Oltre alla piazza, Carlo riformò profondamente il tessuto urbano, demolendo molti portici lignei di origine medievale, rettificando le principali strade, completando la cerchia muraria. Federico Manfredi nel 1474 diede inizio alla fabbrica della Cattedrale, ricostruita dalle fondamenta su progetto dello stesso Giuliano da Maiano. L’architettura della chiesa ha uno stile largamente debitore all’architettura sacra di Brunelleschi, ma con significative differenze (come la navata definita da un’alternanza tra pilastri e colonne, o la copertura composta da volte a vela). L’abside della cattedrale, estranea al progetto maianesco, fu realizzata nel 1491-92 e mostra alcuni dettagli riconducibili alla coeva architettura di Bramante. A Faenza si realizza in un periodo di tempo brevissimo una profonda trasformazione del volto della città: loggiato, riforma della piazza, riordino delle strade, una nuova cattedrale, tutto contribuisce a dare lustro ai Manfredi e a fare di Faenza una città moderna e in cui si mettono in pratica, forse per la prima volta nell’Italia settentrionale, i dettami di Vitruvio e di Alberti.
Resumo:
Der Beitrag beschreibt eine doppelte, verfremdete und letztendlich tragische Spiegelung in der Wahrnehmung von Architektur zwischen Europa und Indien: zwischen 1780 und 1856 entstanden in der nordindischen Stadt Lucknow mehrere große Baukomplexe, die von den indisch-islamischen Herrschern der Stadt in europäisch-klassizistischen Formen gestaltet wurden. Nach dem indischen Aufstand, der in den Jahren 1857 und 1858 gegen die britische Herrschaft in Lucknow losbrach, wurden diese Bauten zum Gegenstand einer scharfen europäischen Architekturkritik. Der erste Abschnitt – "Das Eigene und das Fremde" – betrachtet die westliche Rezeption dieser europäisch-klassizistischen Bauten, die über Jahrzehnte durch ein Negativurteil bestimmt war, das sich aus der politischen Interpretation des indischen Aufstands erklärt. Der zweite Abschnitt – "Kopie und Synthese" – geht auf die Suche nach den Zusammenhängen für die positive Europarezeption in Lucknow und für die negative Kritik dieser Bauten in Europa. Es erweist sich, dass die Praxis von Architekturkopie und die Wahrnehmung europäischer Stilformen bei der Übernahme klassizistischer Motive in Indien deutlich anders war als das exakte und moralisch überhöhte Verständnis von Stilformen im Europa nach 1850.
Resumo:
Der Beitrag beschreibt eine doppelte, verfremdete und letztendlich tragische Spiegelung in der Wahrnehmung von Architektur zwischen Europa und Indien: zwischen 1780 und 1856 entstanden in der nordindischen Stadt Lucknow mehre-re große Baukomplexe, die von den indisch-islamischen Herrschern der Stadt in europäisch-klassizistischen Formen gestaltet wurden. Nach dem indischen Auf-stand, der in den Jahren 1857 und 1858 gegen die britische Herrschaft in Lucknow losbrach, wurden diese Bauten zum Gegenstand einer scharfen europäi-scher Architekturkritik. Der erste Abschnitt – "Das Eigene und das Fremde" – betrachtet die westliche Rezeption dieser europäisch-klassizistischen Bauten, die über Jahrzehnte durch ein Negativurteil bestimmt war, das sich aus der politischen Interpretation des indischen Aufstands erklärt. Der zweite Abschnitt – "Kopie und Synthese" – geht auf die Suche nach den Zusammenhängen für die positive Europarezeption in Lucknow und für die negative Kritik dieser Bauten in Europa. Es erweist sich, dass die Praxis von Architekturkopie und die Wahrnehmung europäischer Stilfor-men bei der Übernahme klassizistischer Motive in Indien deutlich anders war als das exakte und moralisch überhöhte Verständnis von Stilformen im Europa nach 1850.
Resumo:
verf. 1917 im Zivilgefangenenlager Alexandra Palace von Henry S. Simonis
Resumo:
This paper deals with a clay sealing which seems to feature one scarab impression with the personal name of Pharaoh Haremhab, last king of the 18th Dynasty (ca. 1319/1305?–1292 BCE). The clay sealing was found in a pit within the central area of the Royal Palace of Qaṭna. The impression thus could shed new light on the chronology of the palace, as well as Haremhab´s political involvement in the northern Levant.
Resumo:
In this study, I examine the agon scene in Euripides' Alcestis. The agon is placed in the 4th episode, when Alcestis' corpse has recieved all preparations for the funeral, and Admeto has already accomodated Heracles in the palace, without telling him, however, about the last occurrences. This episode is the biggest of the play with 360 verses, what could cause the prolongation of the action and consequently the decline of the emotional tonus. Nevertheless, Euripides has composed this episode with very diversified elements, that it could be divided in scenes, what confers certain agitily to the events succession that accelerates the end of the play. I took as basis the commentaries by A. M. Dale and by L P. E. Parker, and whenever necessary, I have also recurred to the James Diggle?s and D. J Conacher?s editions. Another important text for the present discussion of the agon in Alcestis is the book by Michael Lloyd, The Agon in Euripides
Resumo:
En la nochebuena de 1734, un feroz incendio devastó el Real Alcázar de Madrid, sede de la familia Real y de la Corte. Felipe V ordenó levantar en su lugar un Palacio y, para sufragar los gastos de su fabricación, exigió contribuciones a todas las partes del cuerpo de la monarquía. Este artículo examina una de las miles de secuelas microscópicas desatadas por la Real Cédula firmada por Felipe V que ordenaba recaudar ese dinero: el empadronamiento de los habitantes ubicados en las campañas al sur de la ciudad de Santa Fe (gobernación del Río de la Plata, virreinato del Perú). Originado en una preocupación vinculada con datos demográficos, además de constituir un ejercicio metodológico sobre un padrón, el trabajo se propone articular las informaciones que obtiene de la fuente con hipótesis y cronologías atinentes al movimiento de la población en un territorio considerado por entonces riesgoso e inestable. Así, su contribución se ubica en el cruce entre el conocimiento del quehacer de los jueces rurales y el campo de la historia de las técnicas de gobierno de las poblaciones en los territorios americanos de la monarquía hispánica durante el siglo XVIII
Resumo:
En la nochebuena de 1734, un feroz incendio devastó el Real Alcázar de Madrid, sede de la familia Real y de la Corte. Felipe V ordenó levantar en su lugar un Palacio y, para sufragar los gastos de su fabricación, exigió contribuciones a todas las partes del cuerpo de la monarquía. Este artículo examina una de las miles de secuelas microscópicas desatadas por la Real Cédula firmada por Felipe V que ordenaba recaudar ese dinero: el empadronamiento de los habitantes ubicados en las campañas al sur de la ciudad de Santa Fe (gobernación del Río de la Plata, virreinato del Perú). Originado en una preocupación vinculada con datos demográficos, además de constituir un ejercicio metodológico sobre un padrón, el trabajo se propone articular las informaciones que obtiene de la fuente con hipótesis y cronologías atinentes al movimiento de la población en un territorio considerado por entonces riesgoso e inestable. Así, su contribución se ubica en el cruce entre el conocimiento del quehacer de los jueces rurales y el campo de la historia de las técnicas de gobierno de las poblaciones en los territorios americanos de la monarquía hispánica durante el siglo XVIII
Resumo:
En la nochebuena de 1734, un feroz incendio devastó el Real Alcázar de Madrid, sede de la familia Real y de la Corte. Felipe V ordenó levantar en su lugar un Palacio y, para sufragar los gastos de su fabricación, exigió contribuciones a todas las partes del cuerpo de la monarquía. Este artículo examina una de las miles de secuelas microscópicas desatadas por la Real Cédula firmada por Felipe V que ordenaba recaudar ese dinero: el empadronamiento de los habitantes ubicados en las campañas al sur de la ciudad de Santa Fe (gobernación del Río de la Plata, virreinato del Perú). Originado en una preocupación vinculada con datos demográficos, además de constituir un ejercicio metodológico sobre un padrón, el trabajo se propone articular las informaciones que obtiene de la fuente con hipótesis y cronologías atinentes al movimiento de la población en un territorio considerado por entonces riesgoso e inestable. Así, su contribución se ubica en el cruce entre el conocimiento del quehacer de los jueces rurales y el campo de la historia de las técnicas de gobierno de las poblaciones en los territorios americanos de la monarquía hispánica durante el siglo XVIII
Resumo:
In this study, I examine the agon scene in Euripides' Alcestis. The agon is placed in the 4th episode, when Alcestis' corpse has recieved all preparations for the funeral, and Admeto has already accomodated Heracles in the palace, without telling him, however, about the last occurrences. This episode is the biggest of the play with 360 verses, what could cause the prolongation of the action and consequently the decline of the emotional tonus. Nevertheless, Euripides has composed this episode with very diversified elements, that it could be divided in scenes, what confers certain agitily to the events succession that accelerates the end of the play. I took as basis the commentaries by A. M. Dale and by L P. E. Parker, and whenever necessary, I have also recurred to the James Diggle?s and D. J Conacher?s editions. Another important text for the present discussion of the agon in Alcestis is the book by Michael Lloyd, The Agon in Euripides
Resumo:
En la nochebuena de 1734, un feroz incendio devastó el Real Alcázar de Madrid, sede de la familia Real y de la Corte. Felipe V ordenó levantar en su lugar un Palacio y, para sufragar los gastos de su fabricación, exigió contribuciones a todas las partes del cuerpo de la monarquía. Este artículo examina una de las miles de secuelas microscópicas desatadas por la Real Cédula firmada por Felipe V que ordenaba recaudar ese dinero: el empadronamiento de los habitantes ubicados en las campañas al sur de la ciudad de Santa Fe (gobernación del Río de la Plata, virreinato del Perú). Originado en una preocupación vinculada con datos demográficos, además de constituir un ejercicio metodológico sobre un padrón, el trabajo se propone articular las informaciones que obtiene de la fuente con hipótesis y cronologías atinentes al movimiento de la población en un territorio considerado por entonces riesgoso e inestable. Así, su contribución se ubica en el cruce entre el conocimiento del quehacer de los jueces rurales y el campo de la historia de las técnicas de gobierno de las poblaciones en los territorios americanos de la monarquía hispánica durante el siglo XVIII
Resumo:
In this study, I examine the agon scene in Euripides' Alcestis. The agon is placed in the 4th episode, when Alcestis' corpse has recieved all preparations for the funeral, and Admeto has already accomodated Heracles in the palace, without telling him, however, about the last occurrences. This episode is the biggest of the play with 360 verses, what could cause the prolongation of the action and consequently the decline of the emotional tonus. Nevertheless, Euripides has composed this episode with very diversified elements, that it could be divided in scenes, what confers certain agitily to the events succession that accelerates the end of the play. I took as basis the commentaries by A. M. Dale and by L P. E. Parker, and whenever necessary, I have also recurred to the James Diggle?s and D. J Conacher?s editions. Another important text for the present discussion of the agon in Alcestis is the book by Michael Lloyd, The Agon in Euripides