On the respiratory metabolism of marine plankton: its application in assessing carbon fluxes and the role of substrates in its biochemical control

Programa de doctorado en Oceanografía. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura

Starvation's role in plankton metabolism

[EN]Starvation at all scales of plankton from archaea to medusae is the prevailing condition in marine ecosystems. Such nutrient-limitation will shift the physiological state in these organisms with accompanying changes in their physiology and biochemistry. Here, we review our laboratory’s progress in documenting these changes associated with starvation in a range of marine organisms. Specifically, we focused on respiration, ammonium excretion, CO2 production, RQ, respiratory ETS activity, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the mysid, Leptomysis lingvura, a dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina and two bacteria, Vibrio natriegens, and Pseudomonas nautica

(at)tendaendo Il Cielo, progetto per una chiesa a Ottawa

Progetto per una chiesa cattolica ad Ottawa, capitale del Canada. Nel lotto dove sorgeva la chiesa di Saint Charles su Beechwood Avenue, nel quartiere storicamente francofono di Vanier, si è progettata la nuova chiesa con le annesse opere parrocchiale. Dopo un'attenta analisi del sito sono state identificate le peculiarità storiche, paesaggistiche e socio-culturali della chiesa esistente e nel nuovo progetto si valorizzano i punti di forza del precedente edificio e li si integrano con un'architettura contemporanea. L'architettura sacra è stata sviluppata facendo riferimento all'archetipo della tenda che è, fin dalle origine della soria della salvezza cristiana, il tempio in cui Dio si rivela e in cui si rende presente fra gli uomini: "E il Verbo si fece carne e pose la sua tenda in mezzo a noi" (Giovanni 1, 14)

Strain-specific spleen remodelling in Plasmodium yoelii infections in Balb/c mice facilitates adherence and spleen macrophage-clearance escape

Knowledge of the dynamic features of the processes driven by malaria parasites in the spleen is lacking. To gain insight into the function and structure of the spleen in malaria, we have implemented intravital microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse spleen in experimental infections with non-lethal (17X) and lethal (17XL) Plasmodium yoelii strains. Noticeably, there was higher parasite accumulation, reduced motility, loss of directionality, increased residence time and altered magnetic resonance only in the spleens of mice infected with 17X. Moreover, these differences were associated with the formation of a strain-specific induced spleen tissue barrier of fibroblastic origin, with red pulp macrophage-clearance evasion and with adherence of infected red blood cells to this barrier. Our data suggest that in this reticulocyte-prone non-lethal rodent malaria model, passage through the spleen is different from what is known in other Plasmodium species and open new avenues for functional/structural studies of this lymphoid organ in malaria.

Mitochondrial CB₁ receptors regulate neuronal energy metabolism

The mammalian brain is one of the organs with the highest energy demands, and mitochondria are key determinants of its functions. Here we show that the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB(1)) is present at the membranes of mouse neuronal mitochondria (mtCB(1)), where it directly controls cellular respiration and energy production. Through activation of mtCB(1) receptors, exogenous cannabinoids and in situ endocannabinoids decreased cyclic AMP concentration, protein kinase A activity, complex I enzymatic activity and respiration in neuronal mitochondria. In addition, intracellular CB(1) receptors and mitochondrial mechanisms contributed to endocannabinoid-dependent depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition in the hippocampus. Thus, mtCB(1) receptors directly modulate neuronal energy metabolism, revealing a new mechanism of action of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the brain.

Productive Diversification and Sustainable Use of Complex Social-Ecological Systems: A Comparative Study of Indigenous and Settler Communities in the Bolivian Amazon

Agricultural and forest productive diversification depends on multiple socioeconomic drivers—like knowledge, migration, productive capacity, and market—that shape productive strategies and influence their ecological impacts. Our comparison of indigenous and settlers allows a better understanding of how societies develop different diversification strategies in similar ecological contexts and how the related socioeconomic aspects of diversification are associated with land cover change. Our results suggest that although indigenous people cause less deforestation and diversify more, diversification is not a direct driver of deforestation reduction. A multidimensional approach linking sociocognitive, economic, and ecological patterns of diversification helps explain this contradiction.

Carbon sequestration in community forests: trade-offs, multiple outcomes and institutional diversity in the Bolivian Amazon

Carbon sequestration in community forests presents a major challenge for the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programme. This article uses a comparative analysis of the agricultural and forestry practices of indigenous peoples and settlers in the Bolivian Amazon to show how community-level institutions regulate the trade-offs between community livelihoods, forest species diversity, and carbon sequestration. The authors argue that REDD+ implementation in such areas runs the risk of: 1) reinforcing economic inequalities based on previous and potential land use impacts on ecosystems (baseline), depending on the socio-cultural groups targeted; 2) increasing pressure on land used for food production, possibly reducing food security and redirecting labour towards scarce off-farm income opportunities; 3) increasing dependence on external funding and carbon market fluctuations instead of local production strategies; and 4) further incentivising the privatization and commodification of land to avoid transaction costs associated with collective property rights. The article also advises against taking a strictly economic, market-based approach to carbon sequestration, arguing that such an approach could endanger fragile socio-ecological systems. REDD+ schemes should directly support existing efforts towards forest sustainability rather than simply compensating local land users for avoiding deforestation and forest degradation

Exaggerated pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in high-altitude dwellers with patent foramen ovale.

BACKGROUND There is considerable interindividual variability in pulmonary artery pressure among high-altitude (HA) dwellers, but the underlying mechanism is not known. At low altitude, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in about 25% of the general population. Its prevalence is increased in clinical conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension and arterial hypoxemia, and it is thought to aggravate these problems. METHODS We searched for a PFO (transesophageal echocardiography) in healthy HA dwellers (n = 22) and patients with chronic mountain sickness (n = 35) at 3,600 m above sea level and studied its effects (transthoracic echocardiography) on right ventricular (RV) function, pulmonary artery pressure, and vascular resistance at rest and during mild exercise (50 W), an intervention designed to further increase pulmonary artery pressure. RESULTS The prevalence of PFO (32%) was similar to that reported in low-altitude populations and was not different in participants with and without chronic mountain sickness. Its presence was associated with RV enlargement at rest and an exaggerated increase in right-ventricular-to-right-atrial pressure gradient (25 ± 7 mm Hg vs 15 ± 9 mm Hg, P < .001) and a blunted increase in fractional area change of the right ventricle (3% [-1%, 5%] vs 7% [3%, 16%], P = .008) during mild exercise. CONCLUSIONS These findings show, we believe for the first time, that although the prevalence of PFO is not increased in HA dwellers, its presence appears to facilitate pulmonary vasoconstriction and RV dysfunction during a mild physical effort frequently associated with daily activity. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01182792; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Right ventricular dysfunction in children and adolescents conceived by assisted reproductive technologies.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) predispose the offspring to vascular dysfunction, arterial hypertension, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Recently, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction during fetal and early postnatal life have been reported in offspring of ART, but it is not known whether these cardiac alterations persist later in life and whether confounding factors contribute to this problem. We, therefore, assessed cardiac function and pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography in 54 healthy children conceived by ART (mean age 11.5 ± 2.4 yr) and 54 age-matched (12.2 ± 2.3 yr) and sex-matched control children. Because ART is often associated with low birth weight and prematurity, two potential confounders associated with cardiac dysfunction, only singletons born with normal birth weight at term were studied. Moreover, because cardiac remodeling in infants conceived by ART was observed in utero, a situation associated with increased right heart load, we also assessed cardiac function during high-altitude exposure, a condition associated with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension-induced right ventricular overload. We found that, while at low altitude cardiac morphometry and function was not different between children conceived by ART and control children, under the stressful conditions of high-altitude-induced pressure overload and hypoxia, larger right ventricular end-diastolic area and diastolic dysfunction (evidenced by lower E-wave tissue Doppler velocity and A-wave tissue Doppler velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus) were detectable in children and adolescents conceived by ART. In conclusion, right ventricular dysfunction persists in children and adolescents conceived by ART. These cardiac alterations appear to be related to ART per se rather than to low birth weight or prematurity.

Sleep disordered breathing and vascular function in patients with chronic mountain sickness and healthy high-altitude dwellers.

Background Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is often associated with vascular dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) frequently occurs at high altitude. At low altitude SDB causes vascular dysfunction. Moreover, in SDB, transient elevations of right-sided cardiac pressure may cause right-to-left shunting in the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and, in turn, further aggravate hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension. We speculated that compared to healthy high-altitude dwellers, in patients with CMS, SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia are more pronounced and related to vascular dysfunction. Methods We performed overnight sleep recordings, and measured systemic and pulmonary-artery pressure in 23 patients with CMS (mean±SD age 52.8±9.8 y) and 12 healthy controls (47.8±7.8 y) at 3600 m. In a subgroup of 15 subjects with SDB, we searched for PFO with transesophagal echocardiography. Results The major new findings were that in CMS patients, a) SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia was more severe (P<0.01) than in controls (apnea/hypopnea index, AHI, 38.9±25.5 vs. 14.3±7.8[nb/h]; SaO2, 80.2±3.6 vs. 86.8±1.7[%], CMS vs. controls), and b) AHI was directly correlated with systemic blood pressure (r=0.5216, P=0.001) and pulmonary-artery pressure (r=0.4497, P=0.024). PFO was associated with more severe SDB (AHI 48.8±24.7 vs. 14.8±7.3[nb/h], P=0.013, PFO vs. no PFO) and hypoxemia. Conclusion SDB and nocturnal hypoxemia are more severe in CMS patients than in controls and are associated with systemic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. The presence of a PFO appeared to further aggravate SDB. Closure of PFO may improve SDB, hypoxemia and vascular dysfunction in CMS patients. Clinical Trials Gov Registration NCT01182792.

Las buenas prácticas de enseñanza que apoyan el ingreso y la permanencia de los estudiantes en los profesorados de la FHyCS – UNaM. 16H330

Este proyecto indaga sobre las “buenas enseñanzas” ideadas, adoptadas y aplicadas por los docentes del primer año de los profesorados que se dictan en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones. La investigación educativa de enfoque interpretativo es aplicada al mejoramiento de las prácticas de los docentes formadores. Aborda el ámbito didáctico y sus intersecciones con el campo profesional, y el desarrollo del currículum académico. Intenta reconstruir el saber práctico de los docentes y dotarlo de sentido partiendo de las experiencias cotidianas de enseñanza. El equipo investigativo interdisciplinario opera atendiendo el modo de producción del conocimiento; la centralidad de las prácticas e implicación crítica y la sinergia pedagógica de las actividades universitarias, éticas y cooperativas. Partiendo de aproximaciones sucesivas en el periodo 2011 - 2013 se preveé la construcción del proceso investigativo para delimitar el tema, contextualizarlo, realizar breves estudios, entrevistas y observaciones a docentes, discriminados positivamente. Como resultados pretendemos: a) identificar estrategias pedagógicas exitosas que favorezcan el ingreso y la permanencia del alumnado; b) aportar conocimientos al campo profesional, a la didáctica y al currículum universitario; c) socializar los hallazgos entre pares; y d) promover las buenas prácticas y la identidad docente universitaria.

Atención de las diferencias individuales y grupales en el aula: intervenciones inclusivas de educación especial en la escuela común. 16H208

Desde 1998 a la fecha, la Cátedra de Práctica Profesional Docente y Tecnológica del Profesorado en Educación Especial de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales UNaM, realiza residencias en escuelas comunes. Estas prácticas se basan en la conformación de parejas pedagógicas: docente comúnresidente especial. El/la practicante y el/la docente se ocupan de todos los alumnos y en particular de aquellos niños que presentan necesidades de atención personalizada y/o educativas especiales (NEE) en el contexto y desarrollo del proyecto curricular áulico. La experiencia recogida durante siete años, el programa y los proyectos de extensión derivados de atender la diversidad, dan origen al presente proyecto. La necesidad de sistematizar y teorizar acerca de esta manera innovadora de atención a las diferencias individuales y grupales en el aula, incluidas las NEE presentes en la escuela común, se efectuará analizando la información existente, las que se relevarán durante los dos años propuestos para esta investigación, los registros de jornadas, las observaciones de prácticas, las entrevistas a miembros de la comunidad educativa, se constituyen en insumos de base que serán analizados en función de las teorías y sus contextos. Esperando de esta manera efectuar un importante aporte para la atención a la diversidad y la construcción progresiva de la escuela inclusiva.

Competencias informacionales básicas para el ingreso a la la FHyCS-UNaM. 16H249

El proyecto se instala ante la necesidad percibida de conocer el grado de alfabetización informacional de los ingresantes, en la comunidad académica de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones, con el fin de identificar los puntos sobresalientes de la brecha informacional, que se advierte como existente, frente a los requerimientos iniciales para acceder a la institución. El diseño explorara el conocimiento acumulado por investigaciones previas sobre nuestros ingresantes, facilitando su identificación y caracterización curricular. Nos proponemos: identificar y definir las competencias informacionales básicas requeridas por la institución; explicar el estado de la alfabetización informacional de los ingresantes de la FHyCS-UNaM, traducirlas a objetivos pedagógicos; para finalmente transformar los conceptos y procedimientos consensuados en estrategias que promuevan el acceso y la formación permanente. Las áreas abordadas: educación, informática y ciencias de la información, determinaron la discusión y conformación de un equipo interdisciplinario, y la complementariedad de paradigmas, teorías y enfoques metodológicos variados, para explicar y analizar el objeto de estudio. Como resultados se pretende aportar elementos teóricos, conceptuales y esquemas de acción que faciliten a través de las TIC, la accesibilidad y permanencia del alumnado ingresante en la comunidad universitaria.

Monitoreo de parásitos patógenos en afluentes agroindustriales

Las aguas residuales son potenciales portadoras de enteroparásitos patógenos para el hombre cuya dosis infectiva puede ser mínima y prolongado el tiempo de sobrevivencia de huevos y quistes en el ambiente. La reglamentación limita la presencia de huevos de helmintos y, hasta el año 2000, no proponía una técnica para su detección. Este trabajo se realizó para caracterizar parasitológicamente los efluentes procedentes de agroindustrias. La capacitación en la identificación microscópica demandó la confección de fichas que describen las características de huevos de helmintos. Se efectuaron ensayos con muestras de bodegas y aceiteras en los puntos detectados de contaminación. Los métodos fueron adaptados a las particularidades de los efluentes. Los resultados no señalaron presencia de helmintos; no obstante, se hallaron Cyclospora e Isospora, protozoarios que, por su alto poder infectivo, también constituyen un riesgo para el hombre. Sin embargo, no están contemplados por la legislación. Respecto a helmintos, es necesario un estudio comparativo de las técnicas de detección para efluentes agroindustriales, con el fin de establecer las que optimicen su recuperación. En cuanto a otras especies es preciso continuar investigando su presencia para evaluar la conveniencia de incorporarlas a la reglamentación.