Tromsø museums aarshefter.

16.-20. (1894-1897)

Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien

Vols. 1-33 include the museum's Jahresbericht, 1885-1919

The natural and civil history of Vermont /

Shaw & Shoemaker,

The geographical, natural and civil history of Chili.

Appendix has special t.-p.: An appendix to the civil and political history of Chili, consisting of a sketch of the Araucana of Don Alonzo de Ercilla, with copious translations from that poem, by William Hayley, esq. and the Rev. H. Boyd. New York: Published by Alsop, Brannan and Alsop, City-hotel, Broadway, 1808.

Ruthven Museum -- University Museums

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum

University Museums

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum

University Museums entrance

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum

University Museums window and lamp detail

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum

University Museums entrance. Door detail

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum

Museums Building

Albert Kahn, architect. Spence Bros., contractor. Also called Natural History Museum. From North University in winter

Bulletin of the Liverpool Museums under the City Council

Mode of access: Internet.

Phylogeography and hybrid swarms: history of brackish water bivalve diversity in North European marginal seas

This study addressed the large-scale molecular zoogeography in two brackish water bivalve molluscs, Macoma balthica and Cerastoderma glaucum, and genetic signatures of the postglacial colonization of Northern Europe by them. The traditional view poses that M. balthica in the Baltic, White and Barents seas (i.e. marginal seas) represent direct postglacial descendants of the adjacent Northeast Atlantic populations, but this has recently been challenged by observations of close genetic affinities between these marginal populations and those of the Northeast Pacific. The primary aim of the thesis was to verify, quantify and characterize the Pacific genetic contribution across North European populations of M. balthica and to resolve the phylogeographic histories of the two bivalve taxa in range-wide studies using information from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear allozyme polymorphisms. The presence of recent Pacific genetic influence in M. balthica of the Baltic, White and Barents seas, along with an Atlantic element, was confirmed by mtDNA sequence data. On a broader temporal and geographical scale, altogether four independent trans-Arctic invasions of Macoma from the Pacific since the Miocene seem to have been involved in generating the current North Atlantic lineage diversity. The latest trans-Arctic invasion that affected the current Baltic, White and Barents Sea populations probably took place in the early post-glacial. The nuclear genetic compositions of these marginal sea populations are intermediate between those of pure Pacific and Atlantic subspecies. In the marginal sea populations of mixed ancestry (Barents, White and Northern Baltic seas), the Pacific and Atlantic components are now randomly associated in the genomes of individual clams, which indicates both pervasive historical interbreeding between the previously long-isolated lineages (subspecies), and current isolation of these populations from the adjacent pure Atlantic populations. These mixed populations can be characterized as self-supporting hybrid swarms, and they arguably represent the most extensive marine animal hybrid swarms so far documented. Each of the three swarms still has a distinct genetic composition, and the relative Pacific contributions vary from 30 to 90 % in local populations. This diversity highlights the potential of introgressive hybridization to rapidly give rise to new evolutionarily and ecologically significant units in the marine realm. In the south of the Danish straits and in the Southern Baltic Sea, a broad genetic transition zone links the pure North Sea subspecies M. balthica rubra to the inner Baltic hybrid swarm, which has about 60 % of Pacific contribution in its genome. This transition zone has no regular smooth clinal structure, but its populations show strong genotypic disequilibria typical of a hybrid zone maintained by the interplay of selection and gene flow by dispersing pelagic larvae. The structure of the genetic transition is partly in line with features of Baltic water circulation and salinity stratification, with greater penetration of Atlantic genes on the Baltic south coast and in deeper water populations. In all, the scenarios of historical isolation and secondary contact that arise from the phylogeographic studies of both Macoma and Cerastoderma shed light to the more general but enigmatic patterns seen in marine phylogeography, where deep genetic breaks are often seen in species with high dispersal potential.

História natural do comprimento peniano após prostatectomia radical: um estudo prospectivo de longo prazo

A prostatectomia radical (PR) é um dos procedimentos mais utilizados para o tratamento do câncer de próstata (CaP) localizado, porém apesar da maior compreensão da anatomia local e do desenvolvimento tecnológico, esta cirurgia permanece associada à elevada morbidade na esfera sexual. A redução do comprimento peniano após a PR é uma queixa freqüente na prática urológica, porém não há dados na literatura a respeito da variação deste comprimento em um longo período de acompanhamento. A determinação da história natural do comprimento peniano após PR, assim como possíveis fatores de risco ou de proteção é de fundamental importância para o aconselhamento e tratamento dos pacientes submetidos a esta cirurgia. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a história natural do comprimento peniano após a PR em um acompanhamento de cinco anos, assim como avaliar o papel da função erétil na variação do comprimento peniano destes pacientes. Foram avaliados prospectivamente os comprimentos penianos de 105 pacientes com câncer de próstata localizado submetidos PR aberta. Participação em programas de reabilitação peniana e deformidades anatômicas do pênis foram considerados critérios de exclusão. A medição do comprimento real peniano sob máxima tração (CRTmax) foi realizada antes da PR e aos 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 e 60 meses no pós-operatório. O domínio da função erétil do índice internacional de função erétil (IIEF-EF) foi utilizado para avaliar a função erétil. Houve redução média de 1 cm no CRTmax em 3 meses após a PR e essa diferença permaneceu até 24 meses (p<0,001). Após este período, a diferença reduziu gradativamente, deixando de ser estatisticamente significativa em 48 meses (-0,3 cm, p=0,080) e 60 meses (+0,4 cm, p=0,065). A função erétil foi um preditor para o retorno precoce do comprimento do pênis. Um encurtamento peniano médio de 1 cm é esperado nos primeiros 24 meses após PR. No entanto, há uma tendência para a recuperação deste comprimento após 24 meses de pós-operatório, com retorno ao comprimento original em 48 meses. A função erétil preservada após a PR é um preditor para a recuperação precoce do comprimento do pênis