927 resultados para Na retention
Resumo:
The purpose of this publication is to present the Executive Summary Program Year 2005 report on Iowas adult literacy program benchmarks.1 The passage of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employment, retention, and earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation.
Resumo:
The purpose of this publication is to present the Program Year 2006 report on Iowas adult literacy program benchmarks. The passage of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employment, retention, and earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation.
Resumo:
The purpose of this publication is to present the Program Year 2005 report on Iowas adult literacy program benchmarks. The passage of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employment, retention, and earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation.
Resumo:
The passage of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress has ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employment, retention, earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation. The key principles inculcated in the Act are: streamlining services; empowering individuals; universal access; increased accountability; new roles for local boards; state and local flexibility; improved youth programs. The purpose of Title II, The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998, is to create a partnership among the federal government, states, and localities to provide, on a voluntary basis, adult education and literacy services in order to: assist adults to become literate and obtain the knowledge and skills necessary for employment and self-sufficiency; assist adults who are parents obtain the educational skills necessary to become full partners in the educational development of their children; assist adults in the completion of a secondary school education. The major purposes of Iowas Adult Literacy Program State Plan Extension for Program Year 2006 are: provide a comprehensive blue print for implementation of Title II of the Act; serve as a basis for both immediate and long-range planning and continuous, systematic evaluation of program effectiveness; provide basis for common understanding among Iowas literacy partners, other interested entities and the U.S. Department of Education. The plan extension is designed to update Iowas Adult Literacy State Plan for Program Year 2006 in line with the guidelines provided by the United States Department of Education: Division of Adult Education and Literacy (USDE:DAEL).
Resumo:
The passage of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress has ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employability, retention, and earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation. The key principles inculcated in the Act are: Streamlining services; Empowering individuals; Universal access; Increased accountability; New roles for local boards; State and local flexibility; Improved youth programs. The purpose of Title II, The Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA), of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 is to create a partnership among the federal government, states, and localities to provide, on a voluntary basis, adult education and literacy services in order to: Assist adults become literate and obtain the knowledge and skills necessary for employment and self-sufficiency; Assist adults who are parents obtain the educational skills necessary to become full partners in the educational development of their children; Assist adults in the completion of a secondary school education. Adult education is an important part of the workforce investment system. Title II restructures and improves programs previously authorized by the Adult Education Act. AEFLA focuses on strengthening program quality by requiring States to give priority in awarding funds to local programs that are based on a solid foundation of research, address the diverse needs of adult learners, and utilize other effective practices and strategies. To promote continuous program involvement and to ensure optimal return on the Federal investment, AEFLA also establishes a State performance accountability system. Under this system, the Secretary and each State must reach agreement on annual levels of performance for a number of core indicators specified in the law: Demonstrated improvements in literacy skill levels in reading, writing, and speaking the English language, numeracy, problem solving, English language acquisition, and other literacy skills. Placement in, retention in, or completion of postsecondary education, training, unsubsidized employment or career advancement. Receipt of a secondary school diploma or its recognized equivalent. Iowas community college based adult basic education program has implemented a series of proactive strategies in order to effectively and systematically meet the challenges posed by WIA. The Iowa TOPSpro Data Dictionary is a direct result of Iowas pro-active efforts in this educational arena.
Resumo:
The passage of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) [Public Law 105-220] by the 105th Congress has ushered in a new era of collaboration, coordination, cooperation and accountability. The overall goal of the Act is to increase the employment, retention, earnings of participants, and increase occupational skill attainment by participants, and, as a result improve the quality of the workforce, reduce welfare dependency, and enhance the productivity and competitiveness of the Nation.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND: Tumour control of vitreous seeds remains challenging owing to their resistance to radiation and systemic chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the short-term efficacy of intravitreal melphalan for vitreous disease in retinoblastoma using a new injection technique and dose. METHODS: This study is a retrospective non-comparative review of 23 consecutive heavily pretreated patients (23 eyes) with active vitreous seeding and eligible for intravitreous chemotherapy (IViC). They received a total of 122 intravitreal injections of melphalan (20-30 μg) given every 7-10 days. The ocular status was objectively monitored under anaesthesia with fundus photography. RESULTS: All patients are alive without evidence of extraocular spread (95% CI 82.19% to 100%). Concomitant treatments, including other chemotherapeutic modalities, were used until complete sterilisation of the retinal seeding source and subretinal seeds. Globe retention was achieved in 87% (20/23) of cases. All retained eyes were in complete remission after a median follow-up period of 22 months (range 9-31 months). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of ocular survival rates at 2 years was 84.14% (95% CI 62.48% to 95.28%). A localised peripheral salt-and-pepper retinopathy was noted in 10 eyes (43%) at the site of injection. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first clinically documented case series of patients with retinoblastoma treated with IViC. Despite a possible confounding effect of concomitant chemotherapy prescription using other routes of administration in four of the successfully treated eyes (20%), IViC achieved an unprecedented success rate of tumour control in the presence of vitreous seeding. Of note, none of the treated eyes required external beam irradiation to control the vitreous seeding. Further studies are required to assess IViC retinal toxicity and to better delineate its role in the management of retinoblastoma.
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Micas are commonly used in Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronological studies of variably deformed rocks yet the physical basis by which deformation may affect radiogenic argon retention in mica is poorly constrained. This study examines the relationship between deformation and deformation-induced microstructures on radiogenic argon retention in muscovite, A combination of furnace step-heating and high-spatial resolution in situ UV-laser ablation Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses are reported for deformed muscovites sampled from a granitic pegmatite vein within the Siviez-Mischabel Nappe, western Swiss Alps (Penninic domain, Brianconnais unit). The pegmatite forms part of the Variscan (similar to 350 Ma) Alpine basement and exhibits a prominent Alpine S-C fabric including numerous mica `fish' that developed under greenschist facies metamorphic conditions, during the dominant Tertiary Alpine tectonic phase of nappe emplacement. Furnace step-heating of milligram quantities of separated muscovite grains yields an Ar-40/Ar-39 age spectrum with two distinct staircase segments but without any statistical plateau, consistent with a previous study from the same area. A single (3 X 5 mm) muscovite porphyroclast (fish) was investigated by in situ UV-laser ablation. A histogram plot of 170 individual Ar-40/Ar-39 UV-laser ablation ages exhibit a range from 115 to 387 Ma with modes at approximately 340 and 260 Ma. A variogram statistical treatment of the (40)Ad/Ar-39 results reveals ages correlated with two directions; a highly correlated direction at 310 degrees and a lesser correlation at 0 degrees relative to the sense of shearing. Using the highly correlated direction a statistically generated (Kriging method) age contour map of the Ar-40/Ar-39 data reveals a series of elongated contours subparallel to the C-surfaces which where formed during Tertiary nappe emplacement. Similar data distributions and slightly younger apparent ages are recognized in a smaller mica fish. The observed intragrain age variations are interpreted to reflect the partial loss of radiogenic argon during Alpine (similar to 35 Ma) greenschist facies metamorphism. One-dirnensional diffusion modelling results are consistent with the idea that the zones of youngest apparent age represent incipient shear band development within the mica porphyroclasts, thus providing a network of fast diffusion pathways. During Alpine greenschist facies metamorphism the incipient shear bands enhanced the intragrain loss of radiogenic argon. The structurally controlled intragrain age variations observed in this investigation imply that deformation has a direct control on the effective length scale for argon diffusion, which is consistent with the heterogeneous nature of deformation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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The spittlebugs have an extent distribution in the American continent. Their diversity may determinate endemism areas based on their occurence in different localities. We have used Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity method, which is an important historic biogeography tool for detecting and establishing the relationship among endemics areas. A data matrix was built up based on the occurence registration for the species by 66 genus in whole localities divided in five degrees quadrats in the Neotropical Region, using 49 OGUs (Operative Geografic Units). The presence of the taxa in the areas was coded 1 and the absence 0. The data matrix was analysed based on parsimony analysis through the computer program Hennig 86. Nine endemic areas were stipulated (Mexico + Central America, Venezuelan Savana, Guiana + Suriname, Chaco, Trans-andean, Cerrado, Amazon, Pampa and Atlantic Forest) in the first analysis corroborated with ecological and physiographic patterns in each region. The second analysis was made using 48 genera to obtain the relationship among the nine areas stipulated before. In this analysis just one cladogram (3((1,2)((8,9)(6(7(4,5)))))) was obtained with 192 steps, consistence index 0.80 and retention index 0.85.
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In accordance with 19B.5 of the Code of Iowa, the 2007 Affirmative Action in Iowa report illustrates the progress made during fiscal year 2007 to balance the State's workforce, the challenges that the State must address and the effort that the Department of Administrative Services must lead in order to remove barriers that limit the hiring, retention and advancement of females, minorities and persons with disabilities in the State's workforce. Highlighted in the report are the State's efforts to improve EEO/AA/Diversity training, coordinating targeted recruitment and partnering with disability organizations. Additionally, the Department of Administrative Services-Human Resources Enterprise outlines its plan to build on its past efforts and implement recommendations to remove barriers in the state selection processes and to improve its affirmative action and auditing processes.
Resumo:
In accordance with 19B.5 of the Code of Iowa, the 2006 Affirmative Action in Iowa report illustrates the progress made during fiscal year 2006 to balance the State's worforce, the challenges that the State must address and the effort that the Department of Administrative Services must lead in order to remove barriers that limit the hiring, retention and advancement of females, minorities and persons with disabilities in the State's workforce. Highlighted in the report are the qualitative achievements made by all departments setting goals for fiscal year 2006. Additionally, the Department of Administrative Services-Human Resources Enterprise outlines its plan to build on its past efforts as well as pursue new initiatives to partner with advocacy groups and reach out to the commuity more directly to enhance State employment opportunities for females, minorities and persons with disabilities.
Resumo:
Electron microscopy was used to monitor the fate of reconstituted nucleosome cores during in vitro transcription of long linear and supercoiled multinucleosomic templates by the prokaryotic T7 RNA polymerase and the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. Transcription by T7 RNA polymerase disrupted the nucleosomal configuration in the transcribed region, while nucleosomes were preserved upstream of the transcription initiation site and in front of the polymerase. Nucleosome disruption was independent of the topology of the template, linear or supercoiled, and of the presence or absence of nucleosome positioning sequences in the transcribed region. In contrast, the nucleosomal configuration was preserved during transcription from the vitellogenin B1 promoter with RNA polymerase II in a rat liver total nuclear extract. However, the persistence of nucleosomes on the template was not RNA polymerase II-specific, but was dependent on another activity present in the nuclear extract. This was demonstrated by addition of the extract to the T7 RNA polymerase transcription reaction, which resulted in retention of the nucleosomal configuration. This nuclear activity, also found in HeLa cell nuclei, is heat sensitive and could not be substituted by nucleoplasmin, chromatin assembly factor (CAF-I) or a combination thereof. Altogether, these results identify a novel nuclear activity, called herein transcription-dependent chromatin stabilizing activity I or TCSA-I, which may be involved in a nucleosome transfer mechanism during transcription.
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PURPOSE: To compare the renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to those of naproxen, a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases in salt-depleted subjects. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: Forty subjects were randomized into four parallel groups to receive 200 mg celecoxib twice a day, 400 mg celecoxib twice a day, 500 mg naproxen twice a day, or a placebo for 7 days according to a double-blind study design. Blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and urinary water and electrolyte excretion were measured before and for 3 hours after drug intake on days 1 and 7. RESULTS: Celecoxib had no effect on systemic blood pressure, but short-term transient decreases in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were found with the highest dose of 400 mg on day 1. On the first day, both celecoxib and naproxen decreased urine output (P < .05) and sodium, lithium, and potassium excretion (P < .01). On day 7, similar effects on water and sodium excretion were observed. During repeated administration, a significant sodium retention occurred during the first 3 days. CONCLUSION: In salt-depleted subjects, selective inhibition of COX-2 causes sodium and potassium retention. This suggests that an increased selectivity for COX-2 does not spare the kidney, at least during salt depletion.
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GLUT8 is a glucose transporter isoform expressed at high levels in testis; at intermediate levels in the brain, including the hippocampus; and at lower levels in the heart and several other tissues. GLUT8 is located in an intracellular compartment and does not appear to translocate to the cell surface, except in blastocysts, where insulin has been reported to induce its surface expression. Here, we generated mice with inactivation of the glut8 gene. We showed that expression of GLUT8 was not required for normal embryonic development and that glut8-/- mice had normal postnatal development, glucose homeostasis, and response to mild stress. Adult glut8-/- mice showed increased proliferation of hippocampal cells but no defect in memory acquisition and retention. Absence of GLUT8 from the heart did not alter heart size and morphology but led to an increase in P-wave duration, which was not associated with abnormal Nav1.5 Na+ channel or connexin expression. Thus, absence of GLUT8 expression in the mouse caused complex but mild physiological alterations.
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Enjeu : L'incidence d'insuffisance rnale terminale augmente d'environ 5-6% par anne dans nos rgions. L'une des causes majeures d'insuffisance rnale est la nphropathie diabtique qui reprsente selon les pays entre 25 et 40% des nphropathies terminales. La progression de la nphropathie diabtique peut tre ralentie de manire efficace par un bon contrle du diabte et de l'hypertension artrielle et par le blocage du systme rnine-angiotensine. Nanmoins, malgr l'application stricte de ces thrapies prventives, la nphropathie de bons nombres de patients diabtiques continue de progresser. Il est donc important de dvelopper de nouvelles stratgies permettant de prserver la fonction rnale des patients diabtiques soit en amliorant le contrle de la pression artrielle soit en diminuant la protinurie. Contexte : Il existe un certain nombre d'vidences exprimentales que le blocage des rcepteurs de l'endothline pourrait avoir un effet positif sur le devenir de la nphropathie diabtique en diminuant de manire efficace la protinurie mme chez des animaux dj traits efficacement avec un bloqueur du systme rnine-angiotensine. Dans des tudes de phase 2 impliquant l'avosentan, un antagoniste des rcepteurs de l'endothline actuellement en cours de dveloppement pour le traitement de la nphropathie diabtique, on a pu dmontrer que cet antagoniste, prescrit des doses oscillant entre 5 et 50 mg par jour per os, diminue la protinurie d'environ 20-40% chez des patients dj traits avec un IEC ou un antagoniste de l'angiotensine. Toutefois, une grande tude de phase III conduite avec ce mdicament chez des patients diabtiques a du tre interrompue prcocement en raison de l'apparition d'oedmes et d'une surcharge hydrosode conduisant dans certains cas une dcompensation cardiaque aigu. La rtention hydrosode est un effet secondaire connu des antagonistes de l'endothline dj sur le march. Toutefois, pour l'avosentan, on ne savait pas si des doses plus faibles du mdicament avaient aussi un effet ngative sur la balance hydrosode. En outre, les mcanismes rnaux responsables de la rtention hydrosode sont encore mal connus chez l'homme. C'est pourquoi, nous avons organis et ralis cette tude de pharmacologie clinique chez le volontaire sain posant 2 questions : 1) des doses faibles d'avosentan produisent-elles aussi une rtention hydrosode chez l'homme ? et 2) quels sont les mcanismes rnaux pouvant expliquer la rtention hydrosode ? Cette thse est donc une tude clinique de phase I testant chez 23 volontaires sains les effets rnaux de diffrentes doses d'avosentan ou d'un placebo pour tablir la courbe dose-rponse des effets rnaux de ce mdicament. L'ide tait galement de dfinir quelle dose est sure et bien tolre pour tre utilise dans une nouvelle tude de phase II. L'avosentan a t administr par voie orale une fois par jour pendant 8 jours des doses de 0.5, 1.5, 5 et 50 mg. Les effets rnaux hmodynamiques et tubulaires ont t tudis chez chaque sujet lors de la premire administration (jour 1) et aprs une semaine de traitement (jour 8). Le mdicament a induit une prise de poids dose-dpendante dj prsente 5 mg et maximale 50 mg (+ 0.8 kg au jour 8). Nous n'avons pas mesur d'impact de l'avosentan sur l'hmodynamique rnale ni sur les lectrolytes plasmatiques. En revanche, nous avons constat une diminution dose-dpendante de la fraction d'excrtion de sodium (jusqu' -8.7% avec avosentan 50 mg). Cette diminution tait en rapport avec une augmentation dose-dpendante de la rabsorption proximale de sodium. Nous avons galement constat une baisse de la pression artrielle aux doses leves et une hmodilution marque par une baisse de l'hmatocrite suggrant une rtention hydrique la plus haute dose. Nos rsultats suggrent donc que l'avosentan induit une rtention sode rnale dose-dpendante explique avant tout par une rtention du sodium au niveau du tubule proximal. Cet effet n'est pas observ des doses plus basses que 5 mg chez le volontaire sain, suggrant que ce mdicament devrait tre valu pour son activit rno-protectrice des doses infrieures ou gales 5 mg par jour. La raison pour laquelle les hautes doses produisent plus de rtention sode est peut tre lie une perte de slectivit pour les sous-types (A et B) de rcepteurs l'endothline lorsque l'on administre des doses plus leves que 5 mg. Perspectives : Les rsultats de ce travail de thse ont donc permis de caractriser les proprits rnales d'un nouvel antagoniste des rcepteurs de l'endothline chez l'homme. Ces rsultats ont aussi permis de guider le dveloppement futur de ce mdicament vers des doses plus faibles avec l'espoir de garder les effets bnfiques sur la protinurie tout en amliorant le profil de tolrance du mdicament par l'utilisation de doses plus faibles. ANGLAIS The endothelin receptor antagonist avosentan may cause fluid overload at doses of 25 and 50 mg, but the actual mechanisms of this effect are unclear. We conducted a placebo-controlled study in 23 healthy subjects to assess the renal effects of avosentan and the dose dependency of these effects. Oral avosentan was administered once daily for 8 days at doses of 0.5, 1.5, 5, and 50 mg. The drug induced a dose-dependent median increase in body weight, most pronounced at 50 mg (0.8 kg on day 8). Avosentan did not affect renal hemodynamics or plasma electrolytes. A dose-dependent median reduction in the fractional renal excretion of sodium was found (up to 8.7% at avosentan 50 mg); this reduction was paralleled by a dose-related increase in proximal sodium reabsorption. It is suggested that avosentan dose-dependently induces sodium retention by the kidney, mainly through proximal tubular effects. The potential clinical benefits of avosentan should therefore be investigated at doses of ≤ 5 mg.
