961 resultados para Multifaceted explanation


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Resumen: Los distintos países muestran historias inflacionarias muy diversas. La literatura económica señala a las caracterÍsticas del sistema polÍtico como uno de los factores que explican estas diferencias. En particular, la inestabilidad y la polarización política son destacadas como factores que inciden en un mayor nivel y una mayor volatilidad de la inflación. Este trabajo presenta una explicación novedosa para este vínculo. El trabajo muestra que las rigideces presupuestarias (en particular, la inflexibilidad a la baja del gasto público nominal) pueden llevar a que un mayor grado de polarización política aumente el nivel y la volatilidad de la tasa inflación.

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Resumen: El propósito del artículo es analizar el acercamiento diplomático de Buenos Aires con Simón Bolívar para sumar fuerzas en el conflicto con Brasil por la soberanía en la Banda Oriental. Intentaremos mostrar por qué intereses políticos Buenos Aires; fuera dominada por la facción “unitaria” o “federal”, y Bolívar; empeñado en liderar la organización nacional de Colombia, Perú y Bolivia, no formalizaron un acuerdo diplomático/militar en el contexto de la creación de los Estados de Bolivia y Uruguay durante el período de 1824-1828. Procuramos la inteligibilidad, interpretación y explicación de la cuestión mediante el análisis de fuentes de información histórica que reflejan la agenda pública de Buenos Aires, y las prioridades políticas de Bolívar en el espacio temporal que nos ocupa.

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Based on studies on the strain distribution in short-fiber/whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, a deformation characteristic parameter, lambda is defined as a ratio of root-mean-square strain of the reinforcers identically oriented to the macro-linear strain along the same direction. Quantitative relation between lambda and microstructure parameters of composites is obtained. By using lambda, the stiffness moduli of composites with arbitrary reinforcer orientation density function and under arbitrary loading condition are derived. The upper-bound and lower-bound of the present prediction are the same as those from the equal-strain theory and equal-stress theory, respectively. The present theory provides a physical explanation and theoretical base for the present commonly-used empirical formulae. Compared with the microscopic mechanical theories, the present theory is competent for stiffness modulus prediction of practical engineering composites in accuracy and simplicity.

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Resumen: La obra capital de Marsilio de Padua, el Defensor Pacis, comienza con un relato histórico-genético de la Ciudad o comunidad perfecta a partir de las organizaciones más primitivas. El autor explica el probable devenir histórico de las comunidades desembocando en la explicación de las partes funcionales de la comunidad última, con la vista puesta en estudiar cuál es la función y lugar de la parte sacerdotal de la ciudad. Es sugerente que el mismo recurso del relato genético ya había sido utilizado por Aristóteles en el Libro I de su Política, y no parece ser casualidad la similitud dado el evidente interés de Marsilio por dicha obra del Estagirita. El objetivo del trabajo planificado es estudiar las similitudes y diferencias entre los relatos genéticos de la comunidad perfecta presentados por Marsilio y por Aristóteles, con énfasis en el uso teórico que ambos hacen de la causalidad final. Es mi opinión que, mientras que Aristóteles dispone de una causa final con un espectro teórico más amplio, la causa final retomada por Marsilio se limita al aspecto intencional. Una lectura de ambos textos con esta diferencia presente podría explicar las diferencias tanto en los resultados como en los desarrollos de las dos “historias” de la ciudad.

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The singular nature of the dynamic stress fields around an interface crack located between two dissimilar isotropic linearly viscoelastic bodies is studied. A harmonic load is imposed on the surfaces of the interface crack. The dynamic stress fields around the crack are obtained by solving a set of simultaneous singular integral equations in terms of the normal and tangent crack dislocation densities. The singularity of the dynamic stress fields near the crack tips is embodied in the fundamental solutions of the singular integral equations. The investigation of the fundamental solutions indicates that the singularity and oscillation indices of the stress fields are both dependent upon the material constants and the frequency of the harmonic load. This observation is different from the well-known -1/2 oscillating singularity for elastic bi-materials. The explanation for the differences between viscoelastic and elastic bi-materials can be given by the additional viscosity mismatch in the case of viscoelastic bi-materials. As an example, the standard linear solid model of a viscoelastic material is used. The effects of the frequency and the material constants (short-term modulus, long-term modulus and relaxation time) on the singularity and the oscillation indices are studied numerically.

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Resumen: En este artículo intento relacionar la mística con la razón, mostrando que hay una razón de la mística. Es un logos analógico, un ana-logos, ya que la analogía es el recurso que han usado los místicos para conocer y expresar el misterio. Ya que se requiere una comprensión y una explicación, se usa la hermenéutica, para interpretar la experiencia mística y el lenguaje de los místicos. Pero tiene que ser una hermenéutica analógica, para que sea acorde con el instrumento conceptualizador que utilizan: la metáfora, la parábola y demás recursos cognoscitivos y expresivos que brinda la rica noción de analogía.

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Tanto en la primera como en la segunda parte del trabajo se argumenta sobre la planificación de investigaciones y sobre los métodos en el Psicoanálisis. En esta tercera parte se expone las distintas formas de la explicación y su aplicación en el Psicoanálisis, inmediatamente se discurre sobre el estatus de la predicción en la teoría psicoanalítica y la práctica investigativa. Se aborda ¨la profecía autocumplida¨ en la interpretación y amplificando desde otras disciplinas el problema de ¨cirularidad¨, su relación con la psicogénesis, la transferencia y la contratransferencia. Se contrastan las afirmaciones popperianas con las del fundador del Psicoanálisis.

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Collisions of a particle pair induced by optical tweezers have been employed to study colloidal stability. In order to deepen insights regarding the collision-sticking dynamics of a particle pair in the optical trap that were observed in experimental approaches at the particle level, the authors carry out a Brownian dynamics simulation. In the simulation, various contributing factors, including the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek interaction of particles, hydrodynamic interactions, optical trapping forces on the two particles, and the Brownian motion, were all taken into account. The simulation reproduces the tendencies of the accumulated sticking probability during the trapping duration for the trapped particle pair described in our previous study and provides an explanation for why the two entangled particles in the trap experience two different statuses. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

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Abstract: Nancy Cartwright understands scientific explanation in terms of stable causes which she calls “capacities” or “natures”. She has been criticized for her interpretation of Mill’s tendencies, for her stress on individual causes, for the contrast between her empiricism and her metaphysical approach, and for her “local realism”. This paper will analyze those criticisms and will argue that a greater reliance on Aristotle might help to answer them and consolidate her proposals. Note that Cartwright is more skeptical about the possibilities of causal explanation in the social realm than about its possibilities in natural science. The paper thus also examines Aristotelian social capacities and provides some Aristotelian arguments for Cartwright’s skepticism about our knowledge of them and our using them to arrive at social scientific explanations.

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O objetivo do artigo é registrar, criticamente, o processo de implantação da gestão estratégica na Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais, com o propósito de revelar seusantecedentes e motivações; os momentos-chave; as facilidades e dificuldades; os resultados alcançados e os desafios futuros. A abordagem escolhida foi a histórico-descritiva e as ações de pesquisa envolveram revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As conclusões apontam que a implantação da gestão estratégica na Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais é um processo complexo e multifacetado, diante de suas características de órgão público, hierarquizado, com alta divisão de trabalho. O avanço da implantação é lento, devido aos fatores dificultadores apontados. O caso traz elementos relevantes para a pesquisa sobre gestão estratégica no setor público, seja por apresentar o processo de forma analítica e confrontada com a teoria, seja por se tratar especificamente de um órgão do Poder Legislativo

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The ablation rate of a hydrogen isotopic spherical pellet G(is) due to the impact of energetic ions of the respective isotopes and its scaling law are obtained using the transsonic neutral-shielding model, where subscript s might refer to either hydrogen or deuterium. Numerical results show that if E0s/E0e2 greater-than-or-equal-to 1.5, G(is)/G(es) greater-than-or-equal-to 20%, where E0s and E0e are the energy of undisturbed ion and electron, respectively, and G(es) is the ablation rate of a pellet due to the impact of electrons. Hence, under the NBI heating, the effect of the impact of energetic ions on the pellet ablation should be taken into consideration. This result also gives an explanation of the observed enhancement of pellet ablation during NBIH.

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An empirical study is made on the fatigue crack growth rate in ferrite-martensite dual-phase (FMDP) steel. Particular attention is given to the effect of ferrite content in the range of 24.2% to 41.5% where good fatigue resistance was found at 33.8%. Variations in ferrite content did not affect the crack growth rate View the MathML sourcewhen plotted against the effective stress intensity factor range View the MathML source which was assumed to follow a linear relation with the crack tip stress intensity factor range ΔK. A high View the MathML source corresponds to uniformly distributed small size ferrite and martensite. No other appreciable correlation could be ralated to the microstructure morphology of the FMDP steel. The closure stress intensity factor View the MathML source, however, is affected by the ferrite content with View the MathML source reaching a maximum value of 0.7. In general, crack growth followed the interphase between the martensite and ferrite.

Dividing the fatigue crack growth process into Stage I and II where the former would be highly sensitive to changes in ΔK and the latter would increase with ΔK depending on the View the MathML source ratio. The same data when correlated with the strain energy density factor range ΔS showed negligible dependence on mean stress or R ratio for Stage I crack growth. A parameter α involving the ratio of ultimate stress to yield stress, percent reduction of area and R is introduced for Stage II crack growth so that the View the MathML source data for different R would collapse onto a single curve with a narrow scatter band when plotted against αΔS.

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This paper has been presented at the XIII Encuentros de Economía Aplicada, Sevilla, Spain, 2010.

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This paper was presented at the 11th Annual Conference of the European Society for the History of Economic Thought (ESHET).

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利用分离式Hopkinson压杆和MTS通用材料试验机研究了SiC_p/6151Al颗粒增强复合材料在不同应变率下的变形行为和增强颗粒的尺寸对复合材料微结构及变形行为的影响。结果表明,对于在不同应变率下的SiC_p/6151Al复合材料,增强颗粒尺寸大小的流动应力高于增强颗粒尺寸的流动应力。根据位错强化理论中的Hall-Petch关系对这个结果进行了解释。首次在实验上观测到增强颗粒对复合材料微损伤-微带形成的影响,并根据微带(microband)形成的双位错墙理论(double dislocation walls), 分析了增强颗粒对复合材料微带损伤及力学性能影响的微结构效应。