Freedom from equine infectious anaemia virus infection in Spanish Purebred horses

Introduction: No cases of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) have been reported in Spain since 1983. Factors that could increase the risk of reintroducing equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) into Spain include the recent occurrence of the disease in Europe and the absence of compulsory serological testing before importation into Spain. Aims and objectives: Given the importance of the Spanish Purebred (SP) horse breeding industry in Spain, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to provide evidence of freedom from EIAV in SP stud farms in Central Spain. Materials and methods: Serum samples from 555 SP horses, collected between September 2011 and November 2013, were tested using a commercially available EIAV ELISA with a published sensitivity of 100 per cent. Results: All 555 samples were negative for antibody to EIAV, providing evidence of a true EIAV seroprevalence between 0 per cent and 0.53 per cent (95% CIs of the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA technique used Q10 were 100 per cent and 99.3 per cent, respectively) among the SP breeding population in Central Spain. Conclusions: These findings should serve to increase confidence when exporting SP horses to other countries.

Survey of quantitative antimicrobial consumption per production stage in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Spain

Objectives: To characterise antimicrobial use (AMU) per production stage in terms of drugs, routes of application, indications, duration and exposed animals in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Spain. Design: Survey using a questionnaire on AMU during the six months prior to the interview, administered in face-to-face interviews completed from April to October 2010. Participants: 108 potentially eligible farms covering all the country were selected using a multistage sampling methodology; of these, 33 were excluded because they did not fulfil the participation criteria and 49 were surveyed. Results: The rank of the most used antimicrobials per farm and production stage and administration route started with polymyxins (colistin) by feed during the growing and the preweaning phases, followed by β-lactams by feed during the growing and the preweaning phases and by injection during the preweaning phase. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the growing stage (from weaning to the start of finishing) has the highest AMU according to different quantitative indicators (number of records, number of antimicrobials used, percentage of farms reporting use, relative number of exposed animals per farm and duration of exposure); feed is the administration route that produces the highest antimicrobial exposure based on the higher number of exposed animals and the longer duration of treatment; and there are large differences in AMU among individual pig farms.

Asociación entre factores socioeconómicos y hábitos de limpieza en gestantes de Usaquén y Kennedy de la ciudad de Bogotá

Introducción: Actualmente existe un reconocimiento creciente de que el hogar desempeña un papel importante en varias cuestiones de higiene y salud pública. El ambiente del hogar ha sido implicado como una fuente importante de propagación de enfermedades infecciosas, y la intervención de las medidas de higiene, implican una reducción de la incidencia, especialmente en los países menos desarrollados y en poblaciones vulnerables como las gestantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la práctica de hábitos higiénicos de las gestantes estrato 1 y 2 de las localidades de Usaquén y Kennedy en relación a sus factores socioeconómicos. Métodos: Estudio Analítico de Corte transversal. Se realizó en las gestantes de los estratos 1 y 2 de las localidades de Usaquén y Kennedy en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se recolectaron datos referentes a factores socioeconómicos y hábitos de higiene de 141 gestantes a través de la aplicación de una encuesta. Los datos obtenidos de las variables de interés fueron procesados a través de análisis multivariado y regresión logística paramétrica y no paramétrica, con el fin de establecer si existía asociación o no entre las mismas. Resultados: Existe asociación entre el número de Nacidos vivos y la presencia de plagas (p=0.034 y Coeficiente de correlación: -1.253). Así mismo se encontró asociación habitar en cuartos rentados y la limpieza de casa general (p=0.008 y Coeficiente de correlación: 0.480). Existe una asociación entre la variable edad y el lavado de frutas (p=0.041 y Coeficiente de correlación: 0.384). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre los hábitos higiénicos y los factores socioeconómicos de las gestantes estudiadas. Existe un mayor hábito de lavado de frutas antes de ser consumidas en gestantes de mayor edad. Adicional a esto se evidencia a mayor número de hijos hay menor presencia de plagas en el hogar y mayor limpieza del hogar. Solo en un pequeño porcentaje de los hogares se evidencio una óptima limpieza, por lo cual se deben plantear más políticas para mejorar la higiene de los mismos ya que los datos reportados permanecen subóptimos en la población seleccionada.

La delación como instrumento procesal de lucha contra la corrupción pública

La corrupción pública se ha incrementado con la globalización, generando una crisis de investigación que reduce la eficiencia del proceso penal para perseguir y sancionarla. En ese contexto, se plantea que la delación ha estado presente desde época romana, pasando por la Inquisición y época contemporánea, y constituye una herramienta procesal moderna con la cual se busca fortalecer la prevención y persecución de dicho delito. Así pues, se examina los antecedentes, mecanismos y efectos de la delación, el uso del whistleblower y la posición jurídica del delator, así como los aspectos procesales relacionados con la delación en la investigación, la práctica probatoria y los recursos de apelación y casación. Finalmente, se concluye que la colaboración del arrepentido requiere de corroboración y ser sometida a contradicción para que su valor incriminatorio sea empleado en la condena de los delitos.

Epidemiologia e sua importância para a sociedade

O vídeo apresenta os conceitos básicos e os principais usos e aplicações da Epidemiologia. Os conceitos de incidência e prevalência, importantes medidas de ocorrência de doenças. Vídeo 1 do módulo 3 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.

Indicadores de saúde

Este vídeo, demonstra como são calculados e interpretados os indicadores de mortalidade geral, proporcional, infantil e materna. Os indicadores de saúde descrevem as condições de saúde da população e as suas características demográficas. Demonstra, ainda a importância dos indicadores de saúde no planejamento de ações efetivas, como são calculados. Vídeo 2 do módulo 3 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.

Epidemiologia e sua importância para a sociedade

Este vídeo conceitua os Sistemas de Informações em Saúde e discute sua origem, aplicações e potencialidade. Aponta que uma base de dados atualizada e estruturada provê os profissionais da Equipe de Saúde da Família suporte para o planejamento e avaliação de ações e políticas, além de ser importante ferramenta de cidadania e mecanismo de participação popular.

Estratégias de abordagem aos usuários de álcool e substâncias psicoativas para melhoria da Atenção a Saúde

O uso abusivo de psicotrópicos é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo. O município de Uberaba consta com um sistema integrado de redes de atenção com a Estratégia de Saúde da Família como base do sistema. Na área de abrangência Gameleira 1 as doenças predominantes são: Problemas de saúde mental, em especial Dependência química, doenças cardiovasculares, câncer e problemas de saúde ambiental. Realizamos este trabalho para desenvolver um projeto de intervenção sobre as estratégias de abordagem aos usuários de álcool e substâncias psicotrópicas para melhoria da atenção à saúde da pessoa com dependência química, utilizando o método simplificado de Planejamento Situacional. Elaborou-se um plano de ação que envolveu o plano operativo voltado para a prevenção e redução de danos provocados pelo uso abusivo de álcool e substâncias psicotrópicas. O estudo do tema e a análise dos dados coletados permitiram um entendimento sobre o predomínio do consumo exagerado de substâncias psicotrópicas, também de aumentar os conhecimentos da equipe sobre a abordagem dos problemas de dependência química e estabelecer ações de apoio à família dos usuários de álcool e substâncias psicotrópicas para o acompanhamento desta condição

Libro de prácticas de laboratorio química II [por] Leocadio Sánchez Gracia, [y] José Angel Moreno López

UANL

Manuel Mujica Láinez, Lucio V. López, Horacio Quiroga, Georges Clemenceau, Carlos Martínez Moreno, Roberto Arlt, Enrique González Tuñón, César Fernández Moreno, Juan José Sebreli, Bernardo Kordon, Miguel Brascó, José María Salaverría: Crónicas de Buenos Aires. Edic. Jorge Álvarez, 1965, 154 páginas.

Fil: Polimeni, Dante Osvaldo.

Functional Variants in NOS1 and NOS2A Are Not Associated with Progressive Hearing Loss in Ménière's Disease in a European Caucasian Population

Hearing loss in Meniere's disease (MD) is associated with loss of spiral ganglion neurons and hair cells. In a guinea pig model of endolymphatic hydrops, nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and oxidative stress mediate loss of spiral ganglion neurons. To test the hypothesis that functional variants of NOS1 and NOS2A are associated with MD, wed genotyped three functional variants of NOS1 (rs41279104,rs2682826, and a cytosine-adenosine microsatellite repeat in exon 1f) and the CCTTT repeat in the promoter of NOS2A gene (rs3833912) in two independent MD sets(273 patients in total) and 550 controls. A third cohort of American patients was genotyped as replication cohort for the CCTTT repeat. Neither allele nor genotype frequencies of rs41279104 and rs2682826 were associated with MD, although longer alleles of the cytosine-adenosine microsatellite repeat were marginally significant (corrected p = 0.05) in the Mediterranean cohort but not in a second Galicia cohort. Shorter numbers of the CCTTT repeat in NOS2A were significantly more frequent in Galicia controls (OR = 0.37 [CI, 0.18-0.76], corrected p =0.04), but this finding could not be replicated in Mediterranean or American case-control populations. Meta-analysis did not support an association between CCTTT repeats and risk for MD. Severe hearing loss (>75 dB) was also not associated with any functional variants studied. Functional variants of NOS1 and and NOS2A do not confer susceptibility for MD.

Free flaps in surgical dermatology. Comparison between fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous free flaps in facial reconstructions.

BACKGROUND Dermatologic surgeons routinely harvest pedicled flaps at distance with an axial or random pattern to repair facial defects. These types of skin flaps are time-consuming and have high economic, social and personal costs. These drawbacks could be avoided with the introduction of a single-step transfer of free flaps to the recipient site, with microvascular anastomosis. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that better results are obtained with myocutaneous or fasciocutaneous free flaps and which one is more suitable in surgical dermatology. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected two patients of opposite sexes and similar ages who had undergone Mohs surgery to remove recurrent malignant tumors that were located in the upper cheek bordering the zygomatic zone. The woman was treated with a fasciocutaneous radial free flap and the man with a rectus abdominis free flap. RESULTS Both patients had excellent immediate postoperative outcomes. Complications observed in the male patient were related to a previous pulmonary alteration. The fasciocutaneous radial free flap reconstruction was easier to perform than the rectus abdominis free flap; nevertheless, the radial free flap is very thin and, although the palmaris longus tendon is used, it does not yield enough volume, requiring later use of implants. In contrast, the rectus abdominis free flap transfers a wide flap with enough fat tissue to expand in the future. As for the cosmetic results regarding the donor site, the rectus abdominis free flap produces better-looking scars, since secondary defects of the palmar surface cannot be directly closed and usually require grafting - a situation that some patients do not accept. CONCLUSIONS In surgical dermatology, each case, once the tumor has been extirpated, requires its own reconstructive technique. The radial free flap is suitable for thin patients who are willing to cover their arm with a shirt. The rectus abdominis free flap is best suited for obese patients with deep and voluminous defects, although it is necessary to dislocate the navel from its original position.