O cinema como educação do olhar

The knowledge is only possible due to we exist bodily. However, during the educational experience, the epistemic potency of the body is neglected, declining the registers of the intelligibility. The current thesis approaches that problem obliquely: from a body and image philosophy which has revealed other ways of doing those registers in the modernity – understood not as period itself, but as a qualification for the negotiations between the real and the intelligible. The referred ways are explored through Merleau- Ponty’s and Michel Foucault’s works, which offer a spectrum about that new negotiation of the real. In order to approach the studied problem, the visibility and the human body motricity in the cinema are taken as analysis object. The mentioned objects have been analyzed through a corpus of movies of which plots are centered at the formal education and they require from the characters and the spectators engagement into a visual performance. Aiming to approach the object, it is questioned how the Education phenomenon is represented by the cinema; how the body is exposed and how spectators can see it. Analyzing the corpus and articulating Merleau- Ponty’s and Michel Foucault’s theories, it has been possible to state the following thesis: the cinema as an education of the gaze. The general objective of this study is to reveal the educational potency of the filmic experience, which provides a new path of intelligibility for Education. In that sense, the body as a visual operator widens the capacity of understanding the real. The current work is divided in three chapters. The first one brings the methodological approach: it is pointed how the theoretical articulation is properly arranged; it explains the method of using the images as indirect language as part of the reality description; the filmic corpus is presented, as well the criteria for the films choices and for the construction of instrument adopted during the object analysis are described. In the second chapter, it is problematized the incapacity of the western society of formulating the real discursively by debating Merleau-Ponty’s and Foucault’s theoretical contributions about the visual performance displayed on the images while the films are watched and analyzed. In the third chapter, the implications of the education of the gaze provided by the cinema are developed, mainly concerning about the place attributed to the visibility during the formulation of the real. Finally, paths are designed for the construction of another approach for the visibility in Education. Assuming the gaze as an experience of knowledge, this study aims to present other ways of being, seeing, thinking and feeling the world. Therefore, it is a proposal to reset the epistemic and subjectification patterns at the educational context.

DISCURSO DA MARCA: uma abordagem da semiose comunicacional da marca

A tese aborda a constituição do significado da marca sob a perspectiva de seu discurso na sociedade de consumo. Por meio dos objetivos propostos, (a) a descrição do processo comunicacional da marca como um discurso social; (b) a demonstração da constituição do significado da marca pela circulação de efeitos de sentido; e (c) a articulação da teoria social que fundamenta o processo, intenta-se explorá-la como possibilidade teórica explicativa por meio do discursivo na semiose social. A tese justifica-se pelo desenvolvimento de uma abordagem comunicacional para a constituição do significado da marca (relevância teoria) e pela possibilidade de interferência na realidade social a partir do conhecimento de como a marca institui-se como um discurso social (relevância social). Trata-se de um trabalho teórico, de natureza qualitativa, a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, com vistas a propor a construção de uma semiose da marca. Concluiu-se que é teoricamente pertinente a constituição do significado da marca contemporânea fundamentalmente por um processo de produção de sentido social na sociedade de consumo.

Ce qui fait la "race nègre" : note de lecture de Critique de la raison nègre d’Achille Mbembe

Cette note de lecture se donne pour objectif d’établir un précis des thèses centrales de Critique de la raison nègre d’Achille Mbembe. L’héritage de Michel Foucault sur la pensée de Mbembe sera d’abord mis en lumière. Une critique générale de l’utilisation, chez Mbembe, de la notion de « race » sera aussi rapidement formulée. Après un survol historique de la fixation du principe de race, les deux versants du concept de « raison nègre » seront exposés dans le détail. Mbembe montre ensuite que les penseurs de l’identité noire se montrent le plus souvent engoncés dans la hantise d’habiter le double (l’un des profils de la raison nègre) hérité du travail du pouvoir raciste. Celui-ci s’appuie sur un complexe de domination psychique qui sera aussi explicité. Une proposition normative, complémentaire, viendra enfin s’arrimer à ces interprétations avant de conclure sur la dimension prescriptive de l’analyse critique mené dans cet essai.

Ce qui fait la "race nègre" : note de lecture de Critique de la raison nègre d’Achille Mbembe

Cette note de lecture se donne pour objectif d’établir un précis des thèses centrales de Critique de la raison nègre d’Achille Mbembe. L’héritage de Michel Foucault sur la pensée de Mbembe sera d’abord mis en lumière. Une critique générale de l’utilisation, chez Mbembe, de la notion de « race » sera aussi rapidement formulée. Après un survol historique de la fixation du principe de race, les deux versants du concept de « raison nègre » seront exposés dans le détail. Mbembe montre ensuite que les penseurs de l’identité noire se montrent le plus souvent engoncés dans la hantise d’habiter le double (l’un des profils de la raison nègre) hérité du travail du pouvoir raciste. Celui-ci s’appuie sur un complexe de domination psychique qui sera aussi explicité. Une proposition normative, complémentaire, viendra enfin s’arrimer à ces interprétations avant de conclure sur la dimension prescriptive de l’analyse critique mené dans cet essai.

Cold War Legacies: Systems, Theory, Aesthetics

From futures research, pattern recognition algorithms, nuclear waste disposal and surveillance technologies, to smart weapons systems, contemporary fiction and art, this book shows that we are now living in a world imagined and engineered during the Cold War. Drawing on theorists such as Jean Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Luce Irigaray, Friedrich Kittler, Michel Serres, Peter Sloterdijk, Carl Schmitt, Bernard Stiegler and Paul Virilio this collection makes connections between Cold War material and conceptual technologies, as they relate to the arts, society, and culture.

Neoliberalism as an ideology

In order to examine whether the usual identification of neoliberal ideas with an ideological discourse is valid, this paper starts off with an analysis of what Marx terms commodity fetishism in Capital, based on which a certain sense of the concept of ideology may be inferred which would result in its being both true and false. In order to determine whether this definition of ideology may be applied to neoliberal theory, we look at its fundamental features and how they continue with or break away from economic liberalism as studied in Michel Foucault’s Birth of biopolitics. Attention is later moved to the characteristics detected by David Harvey in the socalled flexible accumulation as the latest stage of capitalism which coincides with the political implementation of neoliberal doctrine. At the end of the road travelled, it is hypothesised that this theory would be a form of ideology containing a dimension of both truth and falsehood, in line with Marx’s thought.

Morality, Power and the Planning Subject

Ethical issues are at the heart of planning. Thus, planning theory has long displayed an interest in debating both the ethical justification for planning and how the activity of planning can be rendered more ethically sensitive. However, comparatively little attention has been shown to how the very constitution of the planner as a ‘moral subject’ may be ethically problematic for planning practice. This article addresses this lacuna through an engagement with the philosophy of Michel Foucault. In contrast to how his work is normally applied, this article accords with Foucault’s own direction that his later examination of ethics be used as a lens through which to read his earlier analysis of power and knowledge. Accordingly, the article first outlines Foucault’s innovative reinterpretation of how power and knowledge operate in society before setting this within his novel reconception of ethics. This theoretical exposition is then employed to interpret the material drawn from in-depth qualitative interviews with 20 planning officers working in a range of different contexts. The article subsequently employs Foucault’s ethically informed reading of power and knowledge to identify ethical issues arising from the approaches used by practitioners to justify their planning activities. The article concludes by suggesting how such issues can be resolved.

Autoeficácia de alunos de Administração: um estudo com concluintes do curso de graduação em Administração no Estado do Pará

The current study presents the characteristics of self-efficacy of students of Administration course, who work and do not work. The study was conducted through a field research, descriptive, addressed quantitatively using statistical procedures. Was studied a population composed of 394 students distributed in three Higher Education Institutions, in the metropolitan region of Belém, in the State of Pará. The sampling was not probabilistic by accessibility, with a sample of 254 subjects. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire composed of a set of questions divided into three sections: the first related to sociodemographic data, the second section was built to identify the work situation of the respondent and the third section was built with issues related to General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1999). Sociodemographic data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics. This procedure allowed characterizing the subjects of the sample. To identify the work situation, the analysis of frequency and percentage was used, which allowed to classify in percentage, the respondents who worked and those that did not work, and the data related to the scale of self-efficacy were processed quantitatively by the method of multivariate statistics using the software of program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows - SPSS, version 17 from the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis. This procedure allowed characterizing the students who worked and the students who did not worked. The results were discussed based on Social Cognitive Theory from the construct of self-efficacy of Albert Bandura (1977). The study results showed a young sample, composed the majority of single women with work experience, and indicated that the characteristics of self-efficacy of students who work and students who do not work are different. The self-efficacy beliefs of students who do not work are based on psychological expectations, whereas the students who work demonstrated that their efficacy beliefs are sustained by previous experiences. A student who does not work proved to be reliant in their abilities to achieve a successful performance in their activities, believing it to be easy to achieve your goals and to face difficult situations at work, simply by invest a necessary effort and trust in their abilities. One who has experience working proved to be reliant in their abilities to conduct courses of action, although know that it is not easy to achieve your goals, and in unexpected situations showed its ability to solve difficult problems

Surveillance in Nineteen Eighty-Four : The Dismantling of Privacy in Oceania

The purpose of this essay is to analyze how certain elements of panopticism manage to dismantle the notion of privacy in George Orwell’s novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. By reading the text through a lens of panopticism, a theory introduced by Jeremy Bentham, I give examples on how the surveillance methods used by the Party share similarities with the system of surveillance within a Panoptic prison, but also in what ways that they differ. In the end, it is obvious that the society of Oceania cannot be considered to be a complete Panopticon, although several elements of panopticism are present within the text and that they dismantle the aspect of privacy in the novel. 

Flores de energia: a experiência do NEMA - Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental na constituição de intelectuais orgânicos

Este estudo visa compreender a experiência do NEMA – Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental na constituição de intelectuais orgânicos. A pesquisa busca identificar por meio de relatos das pessoas que formaram e formam o NEMA, bem como da trajetória que o Núcleo vem desenhando no cenário ambiental, como esse espaço constitui intelectuais orgânicos. O conceito de intelectuais orgânicos partiu de Antonio Gramsci (1882 – 1937), que desponta como um dos grandes teóricos da teoria social marxista. Para Gramsci o intelectual é mais do que uma pessoa das letras, ou um produtor e transmissor de ideias. Os intelectuais são também mediadores, legitimadores, e produtores de práticas sociais; eles cumprem uma função de natureza eminentemente política. Este aspecto interessa uma vez que o NEMA surgiu nesse movimento de resistir ao conhecimento e práticas sufocantes que constituem nossas práticas sociais. Intelectuais transformadores que aglutinam outros, a fim de romper com a opressão, fornecendo dessa forma a liderança da ética, da política e da pedagogia para a criticidade da realidade. A pesquisa com base qualitativa permitiu estabelecer os referenciais teóricos, a pesquisa em documentos e outras formas de informação e a apropriação da Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD para organizar o corpus por meio dos relatos de 30 pessoas que tiveram a experiência do NEMA. Os resultados possibilitam afirmar que os intelectuais orgânicos do NEMA se constituem em Ondas, isto é passam de uma reflexão sobre si mesmo – Quem eu sou?, estabelece uma relação de pertencimento com o lugar que atuam – O lugar onde vivemos, lidam com uma diversidade de pessoas, instituições e situações – Biodiversidade, estabelecem diálogos e se fazem representar em espaços de discussão – Biosfera e Ecologia e buscam a continuidade de suas ações por meio de novos projetos – Planejamento Ambiental. O estudo vislumbra que a experiência do NEMA contribua na vanguarda da construção dialógica do saber com os movimentos sociais para que estes saberes possam ser implementados na práxis destes movimentos, no fronte da relação natureza e sociedade.

A influência das variáveis sociais e das variáveis escolares nas trajetórias dos studantes: uma leitura sociológica dos resultados de um inquérito

Neste capítulo analisam-se as trajetórias escolares de estudantes que em Portugal frequentam os anos de transição entre ciclos de estudos do ensino básico e secundário, com base nos resultados de um inquérito aplicado a 1336 alunos em 51 estabelecimentos de ensino público situados em todas as regiões do território continental português, no âmbito do projeto «Feedback, Identidade e Trajetórias Escolares: Dinâmicas e Consequências». A análise dos resultados salienta a forte relação que se verifica entre as trajetórias escolares dos estudantes e o contexto social e cultural das famílias de origem, as práticas pedagógicas e as perceções dos alunos relativamente à escola.

O perfil do idoso apresentado na telenovela brasileira: implicações para enfermagem

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, norteada pela teoria social e crítica da comunicação de massas. Foi objetivo geral da pesquisa analisar a representação da pessoa idosa na telenovela brasileira. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar o perfil do idoso representado na telenovela; analisar o conteúdo da mensagem veiculada na telenovela por meio do personagem idoso; perceber as implicações da mensagem veiculada na telenovela para a enfermagem. Como fontes documentais foram adotadas duas telenovelas exibidas pela Rede Globo: Passione (2010-2011) e Insensato coração (2011), pois ambas trouxeram no universo de personagens das suas tramas um número de idosos superior ao percentual nacional desse grupo de pessoas. As fontes documentais foram submetidas à técnica da análise de conteúdo. Após assistir as telenovelas obteve-se oito categorias de análise: 1) Relacionamento amoroso; 2) Idoso e trabalho, 3) Saúde fragilizada; 4) Conflitos geracionais; 5) Alvo fácil; 6) exclusão familiar; 7) Conduta duvidosa e 8) Bom relacionamento familiar. Os dados foram analisados em consonância com os pressupostos teoria social e crítica da comunicação de massas e refletidos a partir da práxis da enfermagem. São apresentados dois artigos científicos, onde são enfocadas duas condições distintas de representação do idoso: 1) A imagem dos idosos ativos veiculada na mídia televisiva: implicações para enfermagem; 2) O idoso em situação de fragilidade no contexto da telenovela: um olhar da enfermagem; Conclui-se que a telenovela aborda temas polêmicos presentes no cotidiano do telespectador. Deste modo, a mensagem veiculada na trama pode influenciar tanto o telespectador idoso quanto o seu cuidador nas questões referentes ao cuidado e auto cuidado em saúde, em razão da identificação destes com os personagens da trama. Assim, é importante a enfermagem compreender como as informações contidas na telenovela são apreendidas pela comunidade, a fim de implementar estratégias que venham a atender as necessidades da população.

The flow of reality’s development: from postmodernism to post-postmodernism in John Irving’s The World According to Garp and Last Night in Twisted River

In this master’s thesis, I examine the development of writer-characters and metafiction from John Irving’s The World According to Garp to Last Night in Twisted River and how this development relates to the development of late twentieth century postmodern literary theory to twenty-first century post-postmodern literary theory. The purpose of my study is to determine how the prominently postmodern feature metafiction, created through the writer-character’s stories-within-stories, has changed in form and function in the two novels published thirty years apart from one another, and what possible features this indicates for future post-postmodern theory. I establish my theoretical framework on the development of metafiction largely on late twentieth-century models of author and authorship as discussed by Roland Barthes, Wayne Booth and Michel Foucault. I base my close analysis of metafiction mostly on Linda Hutcheon’s model of overt and covert metafiction. At the end of my study, I examine Irving’s later novel through Suzanne Rohr’s models of reality constitution and fictional reality. The analysis of the two novels focuses on excerpts that feature the writer-characters, their stories-within-stories and the novels’ other characters and the narrators’ evaluations of these two. I draw examples from both novels, but I illustrate my choice of focus on the novels at the beginning of each section. Through this, I establish a method of analysis that best illustrates the development as a continuum from pre-existing postmodern models and theories to the formation of new post-postmodern theory. Based on my findings, the thesis argues that twenty-first century literary theory has moved away from postmodern overt deconstruction of the narrative and its meaning. New post-postmodern literary theory reacquires the previously deconstructed boundaries that define reality and truth and re-establishes them as having intrinsic value that cannot be disputed. In establishing fictional reality as self-governing and non-intrudable, post-postmodern theory takes a stance against postmodern nihilism, which indicates the re-founded, non-questionable value of the text’s reality. To continue mapping other possible features of future post-postmodern theory, I recommend further analysis solely on John Irving’s novels’ published in the twenty-first century.

O discurso de natureza nas HQs do Chico Bento: provocações ao campo do saber da Educação Ambiental

O presente estudo refere-se a uma Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Ambiental (EA) a qual teve como objetivo estabelecer um diálogo em torno do conceito de nature-za a partir da análise das formas desse discurso veiculadas nas histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) do personagem Chico Bento e suas relações com as concepções presentes no campo de saber da EA. Com a intenção de problematizar a forma como as HQs, através do discurso de natureza, vêm contribuindo para pensarmos sobre EA, selecionaram-se HQs do Chico Bento publicadas entre os anos de 2009 e 2013 e que fazem referência à natureza. Apoiado em autores como Michel Foucault, Isabel Carvalho, Leandro Belina-so Guimarães, Maria Lúcia Castagna Wortmann, Mônica Meyer, Keith Thomas, Ray-mond Williams, entre outros, a pesquisa analisou as enunciações de natureza que com-puseram o corpus de análise desta investigação. O caminho metodológico selecionado para operar com o material empírico trata especificamente de algumas ferramentas da Análise do Discurso, a partir de Michel Foucault. Na análise do material posto em sus-penso, a pesquisa apontou para dois enunciados potentes, os quais vêm auxiliando na constituição do discurso de natureza por meio das HQs: a natureza constituída nos des-locamentos operados pelas diferenças culturais entre as realidades rural e urbana e um ideal romântico de natureza produzido pela visibilidade e enunciabilidade das HQs do Chico Bento. Com isso, evidenciou-se que as HQs analisadas entram na ordem do dis-curso verdadeiro no campo da EA. Sendo assim, ressalta-se a importância de atentarmos para os gibis e suas histórias, como um artefato cultural potente que vem nos auxiliando a olhar para o dispositivo da EA. Tal dispositivo interpelando-nos a constituir modos de ser e de viver, diante de saberes e verdades produzidas na e pela cultura, pois, diante dos significados travados por meio da cultura, vamos engendrando nossos modos de vida, bem como estabelecendo relações com o mundo em que vivemos.

The Essentials of Narrative: A Synthesis of the West and the East

This is a study on the nature of narrative in light of a narratological theory inspired by a comparison of narratives in the West and the East, and which tries to reach a deeper understanding of narratives in their particular cultural milieus as well as the nature of narrative per se. The macroscopic structure which the subject itself demands gives coherence to the study of elements which do not solely belong to narrative texts but nevertheless are essential for a text to function as a narrative. The essentials under investigation are the narrator's perspective (which gives a narrative its internal structure), language (which both enables and affects the formation of narrative), and the notion of genre (which plays a crucial role in the interpretation of narrative). These elements were selected after a consideration of theorles postulated by Erich Auerbach, Northrop Frye, Fredric Jameson and Mikhail Bakhtin, as well as of the key properties of narrative as traditionally treated in Chinese scholarship on narrative. After the initial chapter, each chapter consists of a theoretical discussion on the main topic, followed by an analysis of a particular aspect of the subject as revealed in an American novel and in a Chinese novel. These subjects in elude the internal structure of narrative, fictionalization, the objectivity of language and the diversity of voices, the potentiality of language and the elosure of narrative, plot and the ordering of a narrative, and fragmentarity and the perceiving of a narrative. In theoretical discussions, the essay challenges theories proposed by Wayne Booth, Michel Foucault, Umberto Eco, Stanley Fish, Roman Jakobson, Jacques Derrida, Jonathan Culler and Tzvetan Todorov. The major texts discussed are Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady, Luo Guanzhong's Three Kingdoms, William Faulkner's Absalom. Absalom!, Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber. Edgar Allan Poe's "Ligeia," and Liu E's The Travels of Laocan. The central idea of the research is to question such assumptions as made by Anthony Burgess in his article on the novel in The Encyelopaedia Britannica (15th ed) that "novelists, being neither poets nor philosophers, rarely originate modes of thinking and expression."