Desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional para dimensionamento e evolução de rebanhos bovinos

Os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver um sistema computacional que efetue o dimensionamento e a evolução de rebanhos bovinos e criar uma ferramenta que possibilite ao usuário efetuar simulações em um sistema de produção de carne e/ou leite. Foi utilizada a linguagem CA Clipper. As rotinas foram desenvolvidas de forma conversacional, com acesso aos diversos programas, por meio de menus auto-explicativos. O sistema desenvolvido pode auxiliar o técnico e o pecuarista no dimensionamento e na evolução de um rebanho bovino com precisão e considerável rapidez; possibilita ao usuário efetuar inúmeras simulações; e constitui -se em importante ferramenta no auxílio da tomada de decisões.

Potencial mirmecológico na vetoração mecânica de helmintos em gatis

Vector potential of ants in mechanic dissemination of helminthes in a cat rescue center was analyzed in this study. Ants walking over cat's food and feces were collected and conditioned in distilled water. Cat feces were collected too. Ants were identified and the water where they were conditioned was observed on optic microscope. It was made the simple sedimentation technique to analyze feces. The results show that ants species Pheidole and Paratrechina can be potential vectors of nematode eggs, mainly Ascaridida, Toxocaridae.

Modificacoes na ação mecânica do coração isolado de cobaia por doses de propafenon capazes de alterar o eletrocardiograma

Inotropic effects of Propafenon were studied in isovolumic isolated guinea pig hearts submitted to infusion of the drug during 10 minutes. The dosages utilized caused: bradycardia, depression of AV nodal conduction and QRS widening. Simultaneously there was: decrease of the developed pressure (DP) and of the rate of rise of pressure (dp/dt), and elongation of the time of peak pressure. Since there was no clear relation between the heart rate and the inotropic indices (PD and dp/dt), it could be supposed that the depressor effect was not due to impairment of the chronotropism only. After the infusion of Propafenon, the chronotropic effect disapeared after 15 min, while the inotropic state presented a less satisfatory recuperation. The coronary output accompanied the myocardial metabolic needs, that is to say, there was a fall during the period of depressed cardiac function and a later tendency to increase during recovery.

Alterações de fluidos corpóreos na rã Leptodactylus fuscus durante a estivação (Anura, Leptodactylidae).

The frog, L. fuscus, becomes dormant during the dry season in southeastern Brazil. Plasma and urine were obtained and analyzed for K+, Na+, and osmotic concentrations in active and estivating frogs. Soil water potential from the estivation sites was compared with the osmotic concentrations of the frog. Plasma and urine osmotic concentrations (286.2 +/- 13.8 and 242.3 +/- 17.2 mOsm1(-1), respectively) were higher in the estivating than in active frogs (240.3 +/- 12.8 and 112.7 +/- 15.6 mOsm1(-1); plasma and urine), and the same holds true for plasma K+ content. The Na+ concentration was the same for active and estivating frogs. Soil water potential corresponded to osmotic pressure of 110 mOsm1(-1), showing that L. fuscus may uptake water from the soil during the estivation.

Aplicacao de metodo computacional para representacao de relevo pelo metodo de Wentworth

This piece of work focuses the application of a computational method to obtain clinographic maps, by using C.K. Wentworth's method. The developed program to construct the clinographic maps is completely structured in Basic Language and it uses Line PC Micro-Computers. As an exercise for practical application, in this study we defined a certain region, where the topographic base map is that of Brazil, 1:250 000 scale, Marilia contour map, having as the study area the region near the city of Assis (SP). -English summary

Ação do diclofenaco de sódio, após a interrupção da peritonite estercorácea, no cólon de ratos. Estudo da resistência mecânica e do colágeno tecidual.

The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in colon wall in rats with fecal peritonitis (Per) associated with sodium diclofenac (SD) by studying breaking strength and tissue collagen concentration. The rats were divided into the following experimental groups: GROUP 1-SD: 60 animals injected intramuscularly with sodium diclofenac at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight; GROUP 2-Per: 60 animals injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of human feces. Peritonitis was interrupted after six hours of evolution; GROUP 3-Per+SD: 60 animals injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of human feces and receiving SD according to the schedule used for Groups 1 and 2; CONTROL GROUP: 12 animals injected intramuscularly with physiological saline. The animals of Group 1, 2 and 3 were successively sacrificed 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after interruption of peritonitis an/or the beginning of treatment. Under conditions of the experimental model and of the methods used, we conclude that sodium diclofenac, peritonitis and the peritonitis-sodium diclofenac association decrease the breaking strength and the concentration of tissue collagen in the colon segment.

Análise do escoamento de HFC-134a em tubos capilares usando o modelo de dois fluidos

This work presents a numerical model to simulate refrigerant flow through capillary tubes, commonly used as expansion devices in refrigeration systems. The capillary tube is considered straight and horizontal. The flow is taken as one-dimensional and adiabatic. Steady state and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are assumed. The two-fluid model, involving four conservation equations and considering the hidrodynamic nonequilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases is applied to the flow region. The pressure profiles and the mass flow rates given by the model are compared with experimental data.

Coeficientes de perda de carga em valvulas e acessorios no escoamento laminar de fluidos nao-Newtonianos

Friction loss coefficients for laminar flow of xantan gum solutions (concentrations in the range of 0.1-0.5% by weight) through valves and fittings were experimentally determined. The rheological behavior, studied by means of a concentric cylinder rheometer, was pseudoplastic, being well described by the Ostwald-De Waele model with non-linear correlation coefficients (r) between 0.998 and 0.999. In the pressure drop measurements the following fittings were employed: completely open and half way open ball valve, completely open and half way open angle valve, tee used like coupling, tee used like a 90° elbow, short radius 90° elbow and coupling. The results showed that the friction loss coefficients increased with decreasing generalized Reynolds number. The friction loss coefficients could be well adjusted by a potential model, suggested by Kittredge & Rowley (1957) for Newtonian fluids, K f = A(Re g) -B, with correlation coefficients between 0.837 and 0.999.

Efeito da posição do prematuro no desmame da ventilação mecânica

Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prone positioning on cardiorespiratory stability and weaning outcome of preterm infants during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methods: from January to December 1999, a sample of 42 preterm infants, with birthweight < 2,000 g, mechanically ventilated in the first week of life, were randomly divided, in the beginning of the weaning process, in two groups according to the position: supine position (n = 21) or prone position (n = 21). Heart rate, respiratory rate, transcutaneous oxygen saturation and ventilatory parameters were recorded every one hour. Length of the weaning process and complications were also assessed. Results: in both groups the mean gestational age was 29 weeks, most of the patients presented very low birthweight and respiratory distress syndrome. The mean length of the weaning process was 2 days. There were no differences between the groups regarding respiratory rate, heart rate and transcutaneous oxygen saturation, however, oxygen desaturation episodes were more frequent in supine position (p = 0.009). Ventilatory parameters decreased faster and reintubation was less frequent in the prone group (4% versus 33%). No adverse effects of prone positioning were observed. Conclusion: these results suggest that prone position is a safe and beneficial procedure during the weaning from mechanical ventilation and may contribute to weaning success in preterm infants.

Diagnóstico de uma área compactada por atividade minerária, na floresta amazônica, empregando métodos geoestatísticos à variável resistência mecânica à penetração do solo

A quite common problem in the recovery of degraded areas in the mineral exploration understands the compaction of the soil due to the intense traffic of machines and earth movement. The most common problem of the compaction of a degraded surface is: increase of the mechanical resistance to the penetration of the rooats, reduction of the aeration, alteration of the water flow and heat. Thus the present work had the basic objective of diagnosing the compaction of a degraded area by mining in a space way, through the mechanical resistance the way penetration to guide a future subsoiling in the place seeking recovery. Through the studies it was concluded that the kriging method in agreement with the space variation allows the division of the area studies in sub areas facilitating a future work to reduce cost and unnecessary interference to the atmosphere. The method was shown quite appropriate and it can be used in diagnosis of the compaction in a degraded area by mining, foreseeing subsoiling need.

Temperatura, escarificação mecânica e substrato na germinação de sementes das palmeiras juçara e açaí

The propagation of 'juçara' and 'açaí' is done by seeds, but there is a great desuniformity in the germination process. In this way, the objective of this study was to verify the effect of temperature, mechanical scarification and substrate on seed germination of both species. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications each consisting of 25 seeds. The first was conducted with 14 treatments in factorial scheme 7 x 2, seven temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition), with and without mechanical scarification. The second was constituted of eight treatments in factorial scheme 4 x 2, four substrates (sand, vermiculite, coconut fiber and soil + manure), with and without mechanical scarification. Seeds of 'juçara' palm present the highest mean percentage and germination speed index in alternating temperatures of 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition and in substrates sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber. Temperatures of 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C and natural condition in all substrates tested were the most favorable condition for 'açai' seeds. The scarification of the seeds was favorable to the germination process of 'juçara' whereas the seeds of açaí does not need to be scarified.

Características y estructura del sistema computacional del Banco de Proyectos de Inversión Nacional de Colombia

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Técnicas de Análisis Regional, Ejercitación y Aplicación: TAREA (versión 2.0): guía de técnicas y manual de uso del sistema computacional

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Variabilidade espacial da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração e umidade do solo em área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar na região de Humaitá, Amazonas, Brasil

The mechanical resistance to penetration (RP) is an attribute indicator of compaction was influenced by soil moisture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration and soil moisture on area under cultivation of sugar cane in the region of Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil. We conducted a sampling grid of 70x70 m where points were scored at regular intervals of 10 m, a total of 64 points. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00 to 0.15 m, 0.15 to 0.30 I 0.30 to 0.45 m for determination of soil moisture and soil resistance to penetration in the field. After analysis of these data analyzes were descriptive statistics and geostatistics. We conclude that all the variables studied showed spatial dependence and range values were higher than stipulated by the sampling grid and the RP and soil moisture showed a spatial relationship where lower values of PR concentrated on smaller values of soil moisture.