Estudo de uma instalação de climatização adiabática

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo o estudo de uma central de climatização adiabática, que tem como finalidade controlar a temperatura e a humidade de um salão com equipamentos de torcedura e de bobinagem, pertencente à Continental - ITA. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados relativamente à temperatura e humidade interior e exterior do referido salão. Verificou-se que estes parâmetros não estavam dentro dos valores ótimos desejados, 26 ± 1˚C e 50 ± 5%, e por isso foi necessário estimar as necessidades nominais de arrefecimento. Este valor foi determinado a partir do Regulamento das Características de Comportamento Térmico dos Edifícios (RCCTE), obtendo-se o valor de 79 kWh/m2.˚C. No sentido de avaliar se as centrais de climatização instaladas no salão em estudo satisfaziam estas necessidades, calcularam-se as suas capacidades de arrefecimento obtendo-se um valor máximo de 64 kWh/m2.˚C. Paralelamente a este estudo, foi calculada a eficiência de humidificação para cada central nos meses de março e setembro. Os valores obtidos foram oscilantes obtendo-se um valor máximo de 100% em setembro. Este fato deve-se à temperatura exterior neste mês ser mais alta e, por consequência, a eficiência de humidificação da central é maior, pois a quantidade de água que o ar pode conter na sua composição é também mais elevada. Com o objetivo de colmatar a diferença entre as necessidades nominais de arrefecimento e a capacidade de arrefecimento das centrais, foram analisadas algumas soluções que, a serem implementadas, poderiam ajudar na poupança energética. Uma dessas soluções era a substituição do sistema atual de humidificação por um sistema mais eficiente de alta pressão. Com o estudo económico deste investimento obteve-se um período de retorno de dois anos. Foram ainda apresentados mais dois investimentos onde foi alterado o sistema de controlo automático existente, obtendo-se para um, dois anos de período de retorno e para o outro três anos e meio.

Integrated ecological-economic modelling and assessment aproach for coastal ecosystem management

Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences

Experimental assessment of pressure drop in air stripping columns

One important step in the design of air stripping operations for the removal of VOC is the choice of operating conditions, which are based in the phase ratio. This parameter sets on directly the stripping factor and the efficiency of the operation. Its value has an upper limit determined by the flooding regime, which is previewed using empirical correlations, namely the one developed by Eckert. This type of approach is not suitable for the development of algorithms. Using a pilot scale column and a convenient solution, the pressure drop was determined in different operating conditions and the experimental values were compared with the estimations. This particular research will be incorporated in a global model for simulating the dynamics of air stripping using a multi variable distributed parameter system.

On the hydrogeology of the Lower Tagus Basin and its Cenozoic geologic evolution

The chemical features of the ground water in the Lower Tagus Cenozoic deposits are strongly influenced by lithology, by the velocity and direction of the water movement as well as by the localization of the recharge and discharge zones. The mineralization varies between 80 and 900 mg/l. It is minimal in the recharge zones and in the Pliocene sand and maximum in the Miocene carbonated and along the alluvial valley. Mineralization always reflects the time of permanence, the temperature and the pressure. The natural process of water mineralization is disturbed in agricultural areas because the saline concentration of the infiltration water exceeds that of the infiltrated rainwater. In the discharge zones, the rise of the more mineralized, some times thermal deep waters related to tectonic accidents give rise to anomalies in the distribution of the aquiferous system mineralization model. The diversity of the hydrochemical facies of the ground water may be related to several factors whose identification is some times difficult.

Analysis of pesticide residues in strawberries and soils by GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS and two-dimensional GC-timeof- flight MS comparing organic and integrated pest management farming

This study analysed 22 strawberry and soil samples after their collection over the course of 2 years to compare the residue profiles from organic farming with integrated pest management practices in Portugal. For sample preparation, we used the citrate-buffered version of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. We applied three different methods for analysis: (1) 27 pesticides were targeted using LC-MS/MS; (2) 143 were targeted using low pressure GC-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS/MS); and (3) more than 600 pesticides were screened in a targeted and untargeted approach using comprehensive, two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS). Comparison was made of the analyses using the different methods for the shared samples. The results were similar, thereby providing satisfactory confirmation of both similarly positive and negative findings. No pesticides were found in the organic-farmed samples. In samples from integrated pest management practices, nine pesticides were determined and confirmed to be present, ranging from 2 μg kg−1 for fluazifop-pbutyl to 50 μg kg−1 for fenpropathrin. Concentrations of residues in strawberries were less than European maximum residue limits.

Análise do comportamento sísmico da barragem de Luzzone: desenvolvimento de um programa de EF3D utilizando uma formulação em deslocamentos e pressões

Trabalho Final de Mestrado elaborado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa no âmbito do protocolo entre o ISEL e o LNEC

Viscosity measurements of compressed liquid dipropyl and dibutyl adipates

The paper reports viscosity measurements of compressed liquid dipropyl (DPA) and dibutyl (DBA) adipates obtained with two vibrating wire sensors developed in our group. The vibrating wire instruments were operated in the forced oscillation, or steady-state mode. The viscosity measurements of DPA were carried out in a range of pressures up to 18. MPa and temperatures from (303 to 333). K, and DBA up to 65. MPa and temperature from (303 to 373). K, covering a total range of viscosities from (1.3 to 8.3). mPa. s. The required density data of the liquid samples were obtained in our laboratory using an Anton Paar vibrating tube densimeter and were reported in a previous paper. The viscosity results were correlated with density, using a modified hard-spheres scheme. The root mean square deviation of the data from the correlation is less than (0.21 and 0.32)% and the maximum absolute relative deviations are within (0.43 and 0.81)%, for DPA and DBA respectively. No data for the viscosity of both adipates could be found in the literature. Independent viscosity measurements were also performed, at atmospheric pressure, using an Ubbelohde capillary in order to compare with the vibrating wire results. The expanded uncertainty of these results is estimated as ±1.5% at a 95% confidence level. The two data sets agree within the uncertainty of both methods. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Modelação do comportamento dinâmico de sistemas barragem-fundação-albufeira: análise sísmica de uma barragem de abóbadas múltiplas

Trabalho Final de Mestrado elaborado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa no âmbito do protocolo de cooperação entre o ISEL e o LNEC

Maximum level and time to peak of dam-break waves on mobile horizontal bed

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 135, No. 11, November 1, 2009

Propagation of waves generated by a pressure disturbance moving in a channel

This paper studies the effect of ship speed and water depth on the propagation of ship generated waves. The ship is represented by a moving pressure distribution function at the free surface that is able to reproduce most of the phenomena involved in wave propagation. Results are obtained for a ship sailing along a coastal stretch made of a sloping bottom and a constant depth region. The results show that in the sloping bottom the crests of waves are bent along the slope and in the constant depth the standard Kelvin wave patterns can be found for the subcritical regime. In the critical regime the wave system is characterized by significant diverging waves and for a supercritical regime, the transverse waves disappear. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Efeito da velocidade média nos parâmetros espaciotemporais, angulares e de pressão plantar durante a marcha em indivíduos com meniscopatia

Introdução: A velocidade da marcha quando analisada, conjuntamente com outras variáveis, permite-nos uma melhor compreensão acerca da natureza dos défices e como direcionar o tratamento. Objectivo(s): avaliar a associação da velocidade média da marcha com as variáveis espaciotemporais, angulares e de distribuição das pressões plantares em indivíduos com lesão meniscal há 4 anos, utilizando o membro não lesado como controlo. Métodos: estudo realizado em dez participantes com lesão meniscal (idade 35,3 ± 10,63 anos, altura 170,0 ± 0,09 cm, massa 67,5 ± 7,22 kg) avaliados em 3 ciclos de marcha a uma velocidade auto-selecionada. A quantificação das variáveis foi calculada através do programa Ariel Performance Analysis System e pelo Pedar System. As imagens foram editadas, digitalizadas, transformadas e suavizadas com um filtro digital com uma frequência de corte de 6HZ. Para estimar a associação das variáveis foram efetuados modelos de regressão linear e apresentados os coeficiente de regressão (β) e os respetivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: Foi possível verificar que a velocidade está significativa e positivamente associada aos parâmetros temporais das fases oscilantes (βML=0,044; IC95%:0,015;0,073; βMNL=0,061; IC95%:0,037;0,086), oscilação inicial (βML=0,055; IC95%:0,006;0,105; βMNL=0,091; IC95%:0,011;0,170) e cadência (βML=0,016; IC95%:0,009;0,023; βMNL=0,011; IC95%:0,006;0,017), em ambos os membros, e aos parâmetros temporais das fases de apoio unilateral (βML=0,046; IC95%:0,019;0,07), oscilação terminal (βML=0,081; IC95%:0,003;0,159) e apoio médio (βML=0,046; IC95%:0,008;0,085), apenas no membro lesado. Foi também observada, em ambos os membros, a existência de associações negativas significativas com os parâmetros temporais das fases de duplo apoio (βML=-0,024; IC95%:-0,037;-0,011; βMNL=-0,032; IC95%:-0,048;-0,015), apoio (βML=-0,044; IC95%:-0,073;-0,015; βMNL=-0,061; IC95%:-0,086;-0,037), resposta de carga (βML=-0,029; IC95%:-0,055;-0,004; βMNL=-0,047; IC95%:-0,081;-0,013), pré-oscilação (βML=-0,047; IC95%:-0,082;-0,013; βMNL=-0,060; IC95%:-0,098;-0,023) e tempo do ciclo de marcha (βML=-1,435; IC95%:-2,090;-0,781; βMNL=-0,941; IC95%:-1,431;-0,451). Foi ainda identificada, no membro lesado, uma associação positiva com a pressão plantar máxima normalizada durante o contacto do calcanhar terminal (βML=0,612; IC95%:0,077;1,147) e com o passo normalizado (βML=2,413; IC95%:0,264;4,561) e uma associação negativa limítrofe com a amplitude de flexão do joelho durante a elevação da ponta dos dedos (βML=-0,031; IC95%:-0,061;0,000). Conclusão: A velocidade média da marcha parece influenciar bastante os parâmetros temporais, sem provocar grandes alterações nos parâmetros espaciais, angulares e de pressão plantar, sendo esta associação semelhante em ambos os membros e independente do local da lesão.

IgG recognizing 21-24 kDa and 30-33 kDa tachyzoite antigens show maximum avidity maturation during natural and accidental human toxoplasmosis

We describe the avidity maturation of IgGs in human toxoplasmosis using sequential serum samples from accidental and natural infections. In accidental cases, avidity increased continuously throughout infection while naturally infected patients showed a different profile. Twenty-five percent of sera from chronic patients having specific IgM positive results could be appropriately classified using exclusively the avidity test data. To take advantage of the potentiality of this technique, antigens recognized by IgG showing steeper avidity maturation were identified using immunoblot with KSCN elution. Two clusters of antigens, in the ranges of 21-24 kDa and 30-33 kDa, were identified as the ones that fulfill the aforementioned avidity characteristics.

Postaerobic Exercise Blood Pressure Reduction in Very Old Persons With Hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A single bout of aerobic exercise acutely decreases blood pressure, even in older adults with hypertension. Nonetheless, blood pressure responses to aerobic exercise in very old adults with hypertension have not yet been documented. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of a single session of aerobic exercise on postexercise blood pressure in very old adults with hypertension. METHODS: Eighteen older adults with essential hypertension were randomized into exercise (N = 9, age: 83.4 ± 3.2 years old) or control (N = 9, age: 82.7 ± 2.5 years old) groups. The exercise group performed a session of aerobic exercise constituting 2 periods of 10 minutes of walking at an intensity of 40% to 60% of the heart rate reserve. The control group rested for the same period of time. Anthropometric variables and medication status were evaluated at baseline. Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured at baseline, after exercise, and at 20 and 40 minutes postexercise. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure showed a significant interaction for group × time (F3,24 = 6.698; P = .002; ηp = 0.153). In the exercise group, the systolic blood pressure at 20 (127.3 ± 20.9 mm Hg) and 40 minutes (123.7 ± 21.0 mm Hg) postexercise was significantly lower in comparison with baseline (135.6 ± 20.6 mm Hg). Diastolic blood pressure did not change. Heart rate was significantly higher after the exercise session. In the control group, no significant differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A single session of aerobic exercise acutely reduces blood pressure in very old adults with hypertension and may be considered an important nonpharmacological strategy to control hypertension in this age group.

Intraocular Pressure Correlates with Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma

PURPOSE: 1. Identify differences in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as an indirect measure of intracranial pressure (ICP) in glaucoma patients and a healthy population. 2. Identify variables that may correlate with ONSD in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. METHODS: Patients with NTG (n = 46) and POAG (n = 61), and healthy controls (n = 42) underwent B-scan ultrasound measurement of ONSD by an observer masked to the patient diagnosis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all groups, with additional central corneal thickness (CCT) and visual field defect measurements in glaucomatous patients. Only one eye per patient was selected. Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney were used to compare the different variables between the diagnostic groups. Spearman correlations were used to explore relationships among these variables. RESULTS: ONSD was not significantly different between healthy, NTG and POAG patients (6.09 ± 0.78, 6.03 ± 0.69, and 5.71 ± 0.83 respectively; p = 0.08). Visual field damage and CCT were not correlated with ONSD in either of the glaucoma groups (POAG, p = 0.31 and 0.44; NTG, p = 0.48 and 0.90 respectively). However, ONSD did correlate with IOP in NTG patients (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), while it did not in POAG patients and healthy controls (p = 0.86, p = 0.46 respectively). Patient's age did not relate to ONSD in any of the groups (p > 0.25 in all groups). CONCLUSIONS: Indirect measurements of ICP by ultrasound assessment of the ONSD may provide further insights into the retrolaminar pressure component in glaucoma. The correlation of ONSD with IOP solely in NTG patients suggests that the translaminar pressure gradient may be of particular importance in this type of glaucoma.

Using neural networks and support vector regression to relate marchetti dilatometer test parameters and maximum shear modulus

In the last two decades, small strain shear modulus became one of the most important geotechnical parameters to characterize soil stiffness. Finite element analysis have shown that in-situ stiffness of soils and rocks is much higher than what was previously thought and that stress-strain behaviour of these materials is non-linear in most cases with small strain levels, especially in the ground around retaining walls, foundations and tunnels, typically in the order of 10−2 to 10−4 of strain. Although the best approach to estimate shear modulus seems to be based in measuring seismic wave velocities, deriving the parameter through correlations with in-situ tests is usually considered very useful for design practice.The use of Neural Networks for modeling systems has been widespread, in particular within areas where the great amount of available data and the complexity of the systems keeps the problem very unfriendly to treat following traditional data analysis methodologies. In this work, the use of Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression is proposed to estimate small strain shear modulus for sedimentary soils from the basic or intermediate parameters derived from Marchetti Dilatometer Test. The results are discussed and compared with some of the most common available methodologies for this evaluation.