Violence-related PTSD and neural activation when seeing emotionally charged male-female interactions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that involves impaired regulation of the fear response to traumatic reminders. This study tested how women with male-perpetrated interpersonal violence-related PTSD (IPV-PTSD) differed in their brain activation from healthy controls (HC) when exposed to scenes of male-female interaction of differing emotional content. Sixteen women with symptoms of IPV-PTSD and 19 HC participated in this study. During magnetic resonance imaging, participants watched a stimulus protocol of 23 different 20 s silent epochs of male-female interactions taken from feature films, which were neutral, menacing or prosocial. IPV-PTSD participants compared with HC showed (i) greater dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation in response to menacing vs prosocial scenes and (ii) greater anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right hippocampus activation and lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activty in response to emotional vs neutral scenes. The fact that IPV-PTSD participants compared with HC showed lower activity of the ventral ACC during emotionally charged scenes regardless of the valence of the scenes suggests that impaired social perception among IPV-PTSD patients transcends menacing contexts and generalizes to a wider variety of emotionally charged male-female interactions.

Proteomic analysis of the Plasmodium male gamete reveals the key role for glycolysis in flagellar motility

BACKGROUND Gametogenesis and fertilization play crucial roles in malaria transmission. While male gametes are thought to be amongst the simplest eukaryotic cells and are proven targets of transmission blocking immunity, little is known about their molecular organization. For example, the pathway of energy metabolism that power motility, a feature that facilitates gamete encounter and fertilization, is unknown. METHODS Plasmodium berghei microgametes were purified and analysed by whole-cell proteomic analysis for the first time. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001163. RESULTS 615 proteins were recovered, they included all male gamete proteins described thus far. Amongst them were the 11 enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The hexose transporter was localized to the gamete plasma membrane and it was shown that microgamete motility can be suppressed effectively by inhibitors of this transporter and of the glycolytic pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the first whole-cell proteomic analysis of the malaria male gamete. It identifies glycolysis as the likely exclusive source of energy for flagellar beat, and provides new insights in original features of Plasmodium flagellar organization.

The effect of male coloration on female mate choice in closely related Lake Victoria cichlids (Haplochromis nyererei complex)

We studied the effect of male coloration on interspeciÆc female mate choice in two closely related species of haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria. The species differ primarily in male coloration. Males of one species are red, those of the other are blue. We re- corded the behavioral responses of females to males of both species in paired male trials under white light and under monochromatic light, under which the interspecific differences in coloration were masked. Females of both species exhibited species-assortative mate choice when colour differences were visible, but chose non-assortatively when colour differences were masked by light conditions. Neither male behaviour nor overall female response frequencies differed between light treatments. That female preferences could be altered by manipulating the perceived colour pattern implies that the colour itself is used in interspecific mate choice, rather than other characters. Hence, male coloration in haplochromine cichlids does underlie sexual selection by direct mate choice, involving the capacity for individual assessment of potential mates by the female. Females of both species responded more frequently to blue males under monochromatic light. Blue males were larger and displayed more than red males. This implies a hierarchy of choice criteria. Females may use male display rates, size, or both when colour is unavailable. Where available, colour has gained dominance over other criteria. This may explain rapid speciation by sexual selection on male coloration, as proposed in a recent mathematical model.

Das Reich der Zukunft oder Deutschland und seine Volks-Herzogthümer : nach der Handschrift des Anthippolytus zum ersten Male an's Licht gestellt

Boberach: Unter Berufung auf die Weissagung aus Kloster Lehnin soll die Einteilung Deutschlands in zwölf Herzogtümer ein mächtiges Reich unter Preußens Führung schaffen. Franken soll wegen seiner zentralen Lage Kronland werden. Als Sitz der Reichsgewalt kommen Bamberg, Nürnberg oder Frankfurt in Frage. Einem Herzogtum Alemannien soll auch die deutsche Schweiz angeschlossen werden, Frankreich den französischen Teil erhalten und dafür das Elsaß zurückgeben. Die deutsche Seemacht sollen die Niederlande werden. Aus den nichtdeutschen Ländern Österreichs soll ein Austroslawisches Reich entstehen. - Wentzke: Die Grundlinien: der Kaiser (Hohenzollern) auf dem Gipfel höchster Macht, die Volksherzöge als treue Stützen des Thrones. Franken Kronland. Österreich wird seinem Berufe, ein großes slavisch-orientalisches Reich zu begründen, nachgehen

Das deutsche Volk an die sogenannte deutsche Bundesversammlung: Zum ersten Male seit mehr denn 30 Jahre [sic!] vernimmt mit billigem Erstaunen das deutsche Volk die Stimme der Bundesversammlung ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Zurückweisung des Aufrufs der Bundesversammlung zur Eintracht und Beachtung der Gesetze vom 1. März 1848. "Das deutsche Volk erkennt ... keinen Bundestag und keinen ... seiner Beschlüsse mehr an." Sollten die Forderungen des Volkes nach Pressefreiheit, einem 'allgemeinen' Parlament, Aufhebung der stehenden Heere und allgemeiner Volksbewaffnung nicht unverzüglich bewilligt werden, "so wird die Zukunft beweisen, daß es [das Volk] auf anderm Wege noch mehr zu bekommen versteht." Aufruf zur Einheit Deutschlands unter den schwarz-rot-goldenen Farben. (Inhaltlich identisch mit Sf 16/106, Nr. 2a u. 2b)

A closer look beneath the surface: Various facets of the think-manager-think-male stereotype

Previous research has indicated that successful managers are perceived as possessing characteristics that belong to a global masculine stereotype. This study was designed to compare the gender-stereotypical perception of leadership by investigating global and leadership-specific gender stereotypes and contrasting self-perception and the perceptionby others. Descriptive and prescriptive norms were analyzed and abilities studied in a leadership context. The sample consists of 215 management students, and the results indicate an impact of gender stereotypes on the perception of leadership by women and men. Ratings of the importance of leadership characteristics yielded a less gender-stereotypic view, especially by female participants. In their self-evaluations women and men did not differ in the degree in which they possess person- and task-oriented skills. They also did not differ in their ratings of the importance of possessing these skills themselves. Finally, women reported that they possess task-oriented abilities more seldom than such abilities were attributed to leaders-in-general.

Das deutsche Volk an die sogenannte deutsche Bundes-Versammlung: Zum ersten Male seit mehr denn 30 Jahren vernimmt mit billigem Erstaunen das deutsche Volk die Stimme der Bundes-Versammlung ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Zurückweisung des Aufrufs der Bundesversammlung zur Eintracht und Beachtung der Gesetze vom 1. März 1848. "Das deutsche Volk erkennt ... keinen Bundestag und keine ... seiner Beschlüsse mehr an." Sollten die Forderungen des Volkes nach Pressefreiheit, einem 'allgemeinen' Parlament, Aufhebung der stehenden Heere und allgemeiner Volksbewaffnung nicht unverzüglich bewilligt werden, "so wird die Zukunft beweisen, daß es [das Volk] auf anderm Wege noch mehr zu bekommen versteht." Aufruf zur Einheit Deutschlands unter den schwarz-rot-goldenen Farben. (Inhaltlich identisch mit Sf 16/106, Nr. 2b u. 2c)

Das deutsche Volk an die sogenannte deutsche Bundesversammlung: Zum ersten Male seit mehr denn 30 Jahren vernimmt mit billigem Erstaunen das deutsche Volk die Stimme der Bundesversammlung ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Zurückweisung des Aufrufs der Bundesversammlung zur Eintracht und Beachtung der Gesetze vom 1. März 1848. "Das deutsche Volk erkennt ... keinen Bundestag und keine ... seiner Beschlüsse mehr an." Sollten die Forderungen des Volkes nach Pressefreiheit, einem 'allgemeinen' Parlament, Aufhebung der stehenden Heere und allgemeiner Volksbewaffnung nicht unverzüglich bewilligt werden, "so wird die Zukunft beweisen, daß es [das Volk] auf anderm Wege noch mehr zu bekommen versteht." Aufruf zur Einheit Deutschlands unter den schwarz-rot-goldenen Farben. (Inhaltlich identisch mit Sf 16/106, Nr. 2a u. 2c)

EMAS position statement: Testosterone replacement therapy in the aging male‏.

INTRODUCTION Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) represents a common clinical entity in aging males, characterized by the presence of symptoms (most usually of a sexual nature, such as decreased libido, decreased spontaneous erections and erectile dysfunction) and signs, in combination with low serum testosterone concentrations. Whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) should be offered to those individuals is still under extensive debate. AIMS The aim of this position statement is to provide and critically appraise evidence on TRT in the aging male, focusing on pathophysiology and characteristics of LOH, indications for TRT, available therapeutic agents, monitoring and treatment-associated risks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis and treatment of LOH is justified, if a combination of symptoms of testosterone deficiency and low testosterone is present. Patients receiving TRT could profit with regard to obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, sexual function and osteoporosis and should undergo scheduled testing for adverse events regularly. Potential adverse effects of TRT on cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer and sleep apnea are as yet unclear and remain to be investigated in large-scale prospective studies. Management of aging men with LOH should include individual evaluation of co-morbidities and careful risk versus benefit assessment.