The non-twist standard map with robust tori

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Labyrinthic standard non-twist map

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

On the number of singularities in generic deformations of map germs

Let f:C-n, 0 --> C-p, 0 be a K-finite map germ, and let i = (i(1),..., i(k)) be a Boardman symbol such that Sigma(i) has codimension n in the corresponding jet space J(k)(n, p). When its iterated successors have codimension larger than n, the paper gives a list of situations in which the number of Sigma(i) points that appear in a generic deformation of f can be computed algebraically by means of Jacobian ideals of f. This list can be summarised in the following way: f must have rank n - i(1) and, in addition, in the case p = 6, f must be a singularity of type Sigma(i2.i2).

On the Betti number of the union of two generic map images

Let f: M --> N and g: K --> N be generic differentiable maps of compact manifolds without boundary into a manifold such that their intersection satisfies a certain transversality condition. We show, under a certain cohomological condition, that if the images f(M) and g(K) intersect, then the (upsilon + 1)th Betti number of their union is strictly greater than the sum of their (upsilon + 1)th Betti numbers, where upsilon = dim M + dim K - dim N. This result is applied to the study of coincidence sets and fixed point sets. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Genotypic characterization of microsatellite markers in broiler and layer selected chicken lines and their reciprocal F1s

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Modelos alternativos para detecção de locos de características quantitativas (QTL) de carcaça e crescimento nos cromossomos 4, 5 e 7 de suínos

O conhecimento do genoma pode auxiliar na identificação de regiões cromossômicas e, eventualmente, de genes que controlam características quantitativas (QTLs) de importância econômica. em um experimento com 1.129 suínos resultantes do cruzamento entre machos da raça Meishan e fêmeas Large White e Landrace, foram analisadas as características gordura intramuscular (GIM), em %, e ganho dos 25 aos 90 kg de peso vivo (GP), em g/dia, em 298 animais F1 e 831 F2, e espessura de toucinho (ET), em mm, em 324 F1 e 805 F2. Os animais das gerações F1 e F2 foram tipificados com 29 marcadores microsatélites. Estudou-se a ligação entre os cromossomos 4, 6 e 7 com GIM, ET e GP. Análises de QTL utilizando-se metodologia Bayesiana foram aplicadas mediante três modelos genéticos: modelo poligênico infinitesimal (MPI); modelo poligênico finito (MPF), considerando-se três locos; e MPF combinado com MPI. O número de QTLs, suas respectivas posições nos três cromossomos e o efeito fenotípico foram estimados simultaneamente. Os sumários dos parâmetros estimados foram baseados nas distribuições marginais a posteriori, obtidas por meio do uso da Cadeia de Markov, algoritmos de Monte Carlo (MCMC). Foi possível evidenciar dois QTLs relacionados a GIM nos cromossomos 4 e 6 e dois a ET nos cromossomos 4 e 7. Somente quando se ajustou o MPI, foram observados QTLs no cromossomo 4 para ET e GIM. Não foi possível detectar QTLs para a característica GP com a aplicação dessa metodologia, o que pode ter resultado do uso de marcadores não informativos ou da ausência de QTLs segregando nos cromossomos 4, 6 e 7 desta população. Foi evidenciada a vantagem de se analisar dados experimentais ajustando diferentes modelos genéticos; essas análises ilustram a utilidade e ampla aplicabilidade do método Bayesiano.

A new locus for autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta on chromosome 8q24.3

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collective term used to describe phenotypically diverse forms of defective tooth enamel development. AI has been reported to exhibit a variety of inheritance patterns, and several loci have been identified that are associated with AI. We have performed a genome-wide scan in a large Brazilian family segregating an autosomal dominant form of AI and mapped a novel locus to 8q24.3. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.5 was obtained at marker D8S2334 (146,101,309 bp). The disease locus lies in a 1.9 cM (2.1 Mb) region according to the Rutgers Combined Linkage-Physical map, between a VNTR marker (at 143,988,705 bp) and the telomere (146,274,826 bp). Ten candidate genes were identified based on gene ontology and microarray-facilitated gene selection using the expression of murine orthologues in dental tissue, and examined for the presence of a mutation. However, no causative mutation was identified.

Identification of QTLs associated with citrus resistance to Phytophthora gummosis

Citrus gummosis, caused by Phylophthora spp., is an important citrus disease in Brazil. Almost all citrus rootstock varieties are susceptible to it to some degree, whereas resistance is present in Poncirus trifoliata, a closely related species. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs linked to citrus Phylophthora gummosis resistance. Eighty individuals of the F, progeny, obtained by controlled crosses between Sunki mandarin Citrus sunki (susceptible) and Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubidoux (resistant), were evaluated. Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica was evaluated by inoculating stems of young plants with a disc of fungal mycelia and measuring lesion lengths a month later. Two QTLs linked to gummosis resistance were detected in linkage groups I and 5 of the P. trifoliala map, and one QTL in linkage group 2 of the C sunki map. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs was 14% for C sunki and ranged from 16 to 24% for P. trifoliala. The low character heritability (h(2) = 18.7%) and the detection of more than one QTL associated with citrus Phytophthora gummosis resistance showed that inheritance of the resistance is quantitative.

Polar Multiplicities and Euler obstruction of the stable types in weighted homogeneous map germs from C-n to C-3 n >= 3

In this article we show that for corank 1, quasi-homogeneous and finitely determined map germs f : (C-n, 0)-> (C-3, 0), n >= 3 one can obtain formulae for the polar multiplicities defined on the following stable types of f, f(Delta(f) and f(Sigma(n-2,1)(f), in terms of the weights and degrees of f. As a consequence we show how to compute the Euler obstruction of such stable types, also in terms of the weights and degrees of f.

RH maps of bovine chromosomes 15 and 29: conservation of human chromosomes 11 and 5

Comparative mapping data on evolutionary conserved coding sequences and synteny maps between human and cattle are insufficient to define the extent and distribution of conserved segments between these two species, because the order of loci is often rearranged. A 5000-rad cattle whole-genome radiation hybrid (WG-RH) panel was constructed to provide high-resolution comparative maps and also to integrate linkage maps of microsatellites with evolutionary conserved genes and transcripts in a single ordered map. We used the WG-RH panel to construct radiation hybrid maps of bovine Chromosomes (Chrs) 15 and 29 (BTA15 and BTA29), integrating microsatellites from published linkage maps with selected genes. The comprehensive map of BTA15 consists of 24 markers. 13 of which were placed in the framework map. Eleven molecular markers compose the comprehensive map of BTA29. seven of which were placed in the framework map. We identified the homologous regions between bovine Chr 15 (BTA15) and human Chrs 5 and 11 (HSA5 and HSA11), as well as between BTA29 and HSA11, the present study demonstrates that WG-RH mapping is an efficient method for integrating multiple genetic maps into one map and for incorporating monomorphic Type I loci into ordered maps for comparison between species.

Transcriptional activation of MMP-13 by periodontal pathogenic LPS requires p38 MAP kinase

Matrix metal loprotease-13 (MMP-13) is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased expression is associated with a number of pathological conditions such as tumor metastasis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases. MMP-13 gene regulation and the signal transduction pathways activated in response to bacterial LPS are largely unknown. In these studies, the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the regulation of MMP-13 induced by lipopolysaccharide was investigated. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans significantly (P < 0.05) increased MMP-13 steady-state mRNA (average of 27% and 46% increase, respectively) in murine periodontal ligament fibroblasts. MMP-13 mRNA induction was significantly reduced by inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. Immunoblot analysis indicated that p38 signaling was required for LPS-induced MMP-13 expression. Lipopolysaccharide induced proximal promoter reporter (-660/+32 mMMP-13) gene activity required p38 signaling. Collectively, these results indicate that lipopolysaccharide-induced murine MMP-13 is regulated by p38 signaling through a transcriptional mechanism.

Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in a double backcross population of Red Maasai and Dorper sheep

A genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting gastrointestinal nematode resistance in sheep was completed using a double backcross population derived from Red Maasai and Dorper ewes bred to F1 rams. This design provided an opportunity to map potentially unique genetic variation associated with a parasite-tolerant breed like Red Maasai, a breed developed to survive East African grazing conditions. Parasite indicator phenotypes (blood packed cell volume PCV and faecal egg count FEC) were collected on a weekly basis from 1064 lambs during a single 3-month post-weaning grazing challenge on infected pastures. The averages of last measurements for FEC (AVFEC) and PCV (AVPCV), along with decline in PCV from challenge start to end (PCVD), were used to select lambs (N = 371) for genotyping that represented the tails (10% threshold) of the phenotypic distributions. Marker genotypes for 172 microsatellite loci covering 25 of 26 autosomes (1560.7 cm) were scored and corrected by Genoprob prior to qxpak analysis that included BoxCox transformed AVFEC and arcsine transformed PCV statistics. Significant QTL for AVFEC and AVPCV were detected on four chromosomes, and this included a novel AVFEC QTL on chromosome 6 that would have remained undetected without BoxCox transformation methods. The most significant P-values for AVFEC, AVPCV and PCVD overlapped the same marker interval on chromosome 22, suggesting the potential for a single causative mutation, which remains unknown. In all cases, the favourable QTL allele was always contributed from Red Maasai, providing support for the idea that future marker-assisted selection for genetic improvement of production in East Africa will rely on markers in linkage disequilibrium with these QTL.