Densidade de estocagem em camarões da espécie Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) na fase juvenil

Among the species of freshwater shrimp being cultivated, Macrobrachium rosenbergii stands out. Knowledge about the behavior of this species and the influence of certain factors on its development can help optimize management practices and minimize the likely impacts shrimp farming has on the environment and the animals themselves. The objective of this study was to characterize the species' behavior during early stages of development under different stocking densities over a 24-hour cycle. Ten day old postlarvae were transferred from the Jundiaí School of Agriculture (EAJ - Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí) in Macaíba (RN), Brazil to the Shrimp Behavior Laboratory (LSPR - Laboratório de Estudos do Comportamento do Camarão) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), where they were weighed and measured. Eight aquaria with constant temperature, aeration and filtration, and subjected to a12 h light/12 h dark cycle were used for each experiment. Each aquarium also contained two shelters made of bricks and the water quality was monitored weekly. Behavioral observations were made at two densities: 25 individuals/m-² and 40 individuals/m-². The methods for recording behaviors were: behavioral sampling – enter and leave the shelter, exploring on the substrate, exploring in the water column, move away, attack, pursuit and cannibalism; scan sampling - inactivity, feeding, exploration, digging, swimming, cleaning and staying in the shelter. Observations were made during a 15 minute period/per aquarium at a frequency of 4 times daily, for 4 days/week, and over 4 weeks. Food was provided 2 times/day for each aquarium population, immediately before the 1st and 3rd observation periods. Our results demonstrate that at high density, there is an increased frequency of agonistic behavior; during the light phase, there is a greater frequency of behaviors that result in less exposure (inactivity, cleaning and staying in the shelter); during the dark phase, there is an increased frequency of behaviors that result in greater exposure (feeding, exploration, swimming and digging); at times of feed offer, there is an increased frequency of leaving the shelter, moving away, pursuit, feeding, exploration and swimming. At low density, the animals showed a lower frequency of agonistic behaviors, greater weight gain and higher growth rates, which indicates that this is a more favorable growing environment for cultivation and when applied, can generate better living conditions, favor survival rates and increase management success

Influência do tipo de abrigo e da frequência de oferta alimentar no comportamento do camarão Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a freshwater prawn which presents agonistic behavior and heterogeneous growth. It is known that captive conditions can intensify agonism causing injuries and decreased survival, generating a condition of poor welfare. Based on this, we aim to investigate the behavior of M. rosenbergii in the juvenile phase according to different types of shelter and frequencies of feed offer, emphasizing their agonistic behavior. For this, juveniles were observed in the laboratory in three steps. At step I we characterized the behavioral profile; prawns were kept in eight aquariums (27 prawns/m2 ), identified and observed four times along both phases of 24 h light cycle. At step II (2 experiments), we evaluated the use of shelters (brick or polyethylene rolls) and their influence on agonism by the animals. For classification of animals in dominance rank, the method used was David's Score. At step III (3 experiments), we evaluated different frequencies of feed offer on the behavior of individuals, in particular agonism. Results showed that juveniles do not present a pattern activity/inactivity between the phases of the light cycle. We identified a dominance hierarchy among individuals taking advantage of access to food by the dominant, which showed greater weight gain although the frequency of intake did not differ between individuals. The type of shelter influenced the behavior of animals. Brick shelter generated a higher frequency of permanence and a reduction in the frequency of agonistic interactions. The distribution of food more frequently throughout the day, decreased the motivation of animals for food, as well as to fight. Prawns fed four times showed lower frequency of feed intake and agonistic interactions. Thus, we conclude the shelters which reduce animal’s detection by coespecifics and offer the food four times along the day reduce agonistic behavior. This result causes na improvement in life quality of the prawns and also in its quality as final product.

Impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation on intraseasonal precipitation over northeast Brazil

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos da oscilação de Madden-Julian (OMJ) na precipitação da região Nordeste do Brasil (NEB). Para tanto foram utilizados dados diários de precipitação baseados em 492 pluviômetros distribuídos na região e cobrindo um período de 30 anos (1981 − 2010). As análises através de composições de anomalias de precipitação, radiação de onda longa e fluxo de umidade, foram obtidas com base no índice da OMJ desenvolvido por Jones-Carvalho. Para distinguir o sinal da OMJ de outros padrões de variabilidade climática, todos os dados diários foram filtrados na escala de 20 − 90 dias; portanto somente dias classificados como eventos da OMJ foram considerados nas composições. Uma análise preliminar baseada apenas nos dados de precipitação foi feita para uma pequena área localizada no interior semiárido do NEB, conhecida como Seridó. Essa microrregião é uma das áreas mais secas do NEB e foi reconhecida pela Convenção das Nações Unidas para o Combate à Desertificação e Mitigação dos Efeitos das Secas como particularmente vulnerável à desertificação. Composições de anomalias de precipitação foram feitas para cada uma das oito fases da OMJ durante Fevereiro-Maio (principal período chuvoso da microrregião). Os resultados mostraram a existência de variações significativas nos padrões de precipitação (de precipitação excessiva à deficiente) associados à propagação da OMJ. A combinação dos sinais de precipitação obtidos durantes as fases úmidas e secas da OMJ mostrou que a diferença corresponde cerca de 50 − 150% de modulação das chuvas na microrregião. Em seguida, uma investigação abrangente sobre o papel da OMJ sobre toda a região Nordeste foi feita considerando-se as quatro estações do ano. Os resultados mostraram que os impactos da OMJ na precipitação intrassazonal do NEB apresentam forte sazonalidade. A maior coerência espacial dos sinais de precipitação ocorreram durante o verão austral, quando cerca de 80% das estações pluviométricas apresentaram anomalias positivas de precipitação durante as fases 1 − 2 da OMJ e anomalias negativas de precipitação nas fases 5 − 6 da oscilação. Embora impactos da OMJ na precipitação intrassazonal tenham sido encontrados na maioria das localidades e em todas as estações do ano, eles apresentaram variações na magnitude dos sinais e dependem da fase da oscilação. As anomalias de precipitação do NEB observadas são explicadas através da interação existente entre as ondas de Kelvin-Rossby acopladas convectivamente e as características climáticas predominantes sobre a região em cada estação do ano. O aumento de precipitação observado sobre a maior parte do NEB durante o verão e primavera austrais encontra-se associado com o fluxo de umidade de oeste (regime de oeste), o qual favorece a atividade convectiva em amplas áreas da América do Sul tropical. Por outro lado, as anomalias de precipitação durante o inverno e outono austrais apresentaram uma variabilidade espacial mais complexa. Durante estas estações, as anomalias de precipitação observadas nas estações localizadas na costa leste do NEB dependem da intensidade do anticiclone do Atlântico Sul, o qual é modulado em grande parte por ondas de Rossby. As características topográficas do NEB parecem desempenhar um papel importante na variabilidade observada na precipitação, principalmente nestas áreas costeiras. A intensificação do anticiclone aumenta a convergência dos ventos alísios na costa contribuindo para a ocorrência de precipitação observada à barlavento do planalto da Borborema. Por outro lado, o aumento da subsidência parece ser responsável pelos déficits de precipitação observados à sotavento. Tais condições mostraram-se típicas durante o predomínio do regime de leste sobre a região tropical da América do Sul e o NEB, durante o qual ocorre uma diminuição no fluxo de umidade proveniente da Amazônia.

Hs. Rothschild 4° 107 - Testament der Gutle Wb. Mayer Rothschild mit Nachtrag und Codicill aus den Jahren 1829 - 1845 (Abschrift)

Vorbesitzer: Freiherrlich Carl von Rothschild'sche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main; alte Signatur: Hs. in Quart 107

Hs. Rothschild 4° 106 - Testament der Gutle Wb. Mayer Rothschild mit Nachtrag und Codicill aus den Jahren 1829 - 1845 (Abschrift)

Vorbesitzer: Freiherrlich Carl von Rothschild'sche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main; alte Signatur: Hs. in Quart 106

TENDENCIA THATCHERITIS OR ENGLISHNESS REMADE: The Fictions of Julian Barnes, Hanif Kureishi and Pat Barker

Julian Barnes, Pat Barker, and Hanif Kureishi are all canonical authors whose fictions are widely believed to reflect the cultural and political state of a nation that is post-war, post-imperial and post-modern. While much has been written on how Barker’s and Kureishi’s early works in particular respond to and intervene in the presiding political narrative of the 1980s – Thatcherism – treatment of how revenants of Thatcherism have shaped these writers’ works from 1990 on has remained cursory. Thatcherism is more than an obvious historical reference point for Barker, Barnes, and Kureishi; their works demonstrate a sophisticated understanding of how Thatcher’s reworkings of the repertoires of Englishness – a representational as well as political and cultural endeavour – persist beyond her time in office. Barnes, Barker, and Kureishi seem to have reached the same conclusion as political and cultural critics: Thatcher and Thatcherism have remade not only the contemporary political and cultural landscapes but also the electorate and consequently the English themselves. Tony Blair’s conception of the New Britain proved less than satisfactory because contemporary repertoires of Englishness repeat and rework historical and not incidentally imperial formulations of England and Englishness rather than envision civic and populist formulations of renewal. Barnes’s England, England and Arthur & George confront the discourse of inevitability that has come to be attached to contemporary formulations of both political and cultural Englishness – both in terms of its predictable demise and its belated celebration. Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia and “The Body” speak to an alteration that has taken place in which historical Englishness and Thatcherism have become complementary rather than contrasting discourses. What Barker’s Border Crossing and Double Vision offer against this backdrop is a subtle interrogation of how renewal itself comes to be a presiding mode of cultural reflection that absorbs revolutionary possibility.

Queen's College Journal (1879-1880)

The Journal has been Queen's main student newspaper since it was founded in 1873. It appears twice a week on campus with a mix of news, sports, and entertainment stories, editorials, letters to the editor, and photographs. The paper is students' most important source of news and general information and has been a training ground for scores of Canadian journalists.

Peruanos y bolivianos en la sátira chilena de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879 - 1884)

A partir de los grabados publicados en las páginas de los periódicos que incluyeron humor gráfico en sus ediciones durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1879 - 1883), los caricaturistas chilenos desplegaron un discurso visual agresivo en clave patriótica y belicista, donde presentaron a sus lectores una imagen crítica y despectiva respecto de los adversarios de Chile. Recalcaron la supuesta falta de ánimo y valor combativo, ante la sola presencia de los efectivos militares chilenos tanto en el mar como en tierra. Así, la tinta y el papel, se transformaron en otra de las armas que intervinieron en el conflicto de Chile contra el Perú y Bolivia por la posesión de los ricos territorios salitreros de Tarapacá y Antofagasta. Las imágenes fueron interpretadas a partir de los postulados de la Escuela de Warburg, en especial los de Erwin Panofsky, que propone tres niveles de estudio del significado de cada obra, a saber, la “descripción preiconográfica”, luego el “estudio iconográfico” en cuanto tal y, finalmente, la “interpretación iconológica”.

Hs. Rothschild 4° 108 - Testament der Jeanette Worms geborene Rothschild mit Nachtrag und Codicillen aus den Jahren 1829 - 1859 (Abschriften)

Vorbesitzer: Freiherrlich Carl von Rothschild'sche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main; alte Signatur: Hs. in Quart 108

Hs. Rothschild 4° 109 - Testament der Jeanette Worms geborene Rothschild mit Nachtrag und Codicillen aus den Jahren 1829 - 1859 (Abschriften)

Vorbesitzer: Freiherrlich Carl von Rothschild'sche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main; alte Signatur: Hs. in Quart 109

New records of the olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) from the Cape Verde Islands

[ES] The olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea has been recorded in the Cape Verde Islands, but the most recent published data (1998-2000) are of stranded ndividuals and remains only. This article presents new data on olive ridleys recorded during the years 2001-2011 on Boavista and Sal islands. The presence of his species does not appear to be related to nesting activity. The possible geographical origin of these turtles is discussed. In addition, we propose some studies that could help to reinforce the conservation of sea turtles in West Africa.

Le développement de l'instruction publique catholique à Magog : ses rapports avec le processus d'industrialisation, 1879-1943

La présente étude présente un exemple concret du développement d'une commission scolaire en fonction de l'amorce du processus d'industrialisation dans une ville des Cantons de l'Est, Magog. L'étude débute avec l'école catholique dissidente en 1879, un peu avant la mise en place du processus d'industrialisation à Magog. La recherche s'arrête en 1943, date de la loi sur la fréquentation scolaire obligatoire au Québec. Les conséquences démographiques issues de l'industrialisation viennent transformer considérablement le visage ethnique et religieux de Magog. Principalement constituée d'Américains protestants, la population magogoise subit une intense transformation ethnique et religieuse entre 1881 et 1891. De protestante et anglophone qu'elle était jusqu'alors, elle devient majoritairement catholique et francophone en moins de dix ans. L'appareil scolaire en place n'est pas sans subir l'impact de ces profonds changements. D'abord conçu pour une clientèle enfantine protestante, il s'adapte en fonction des nouveaux arrivants en créant une branche dissidente catholique en 1879. Les dissidents catholiques, à leur tour, s'organisent en commission scolaire en 1890. Afin de considérer le développement scolaire de Magog comme une phase de l'évolution d'une localité, l'étude est centrée autour de la problématique suivante: quels sont les principaux obstacles qui ont exercé une influence sur le développement scolaire de Magog? Basée essentiellement sur des sources quantitatives et qualitatives variées de la Commission scolaire de Memphrémagog, états financiers, registres d'appel, procès-verbaux et correspondance, notre démarche est de reconstituer le passer administratif de la corporation scolaire: ses ressources humaines, matérielles et financières, ses clientèles, ses services. L'objectif visé ici est de vérifier et caractériser la capacité d'adaptation de la commission scolaire face à des situations comme les hausses de clientèles, le développement des quartiers, les relations entre l'usine textile et les jeunes travailleurs et enfin, la nature des rapports entre les décideurs et les membres de la communauté locale. Le mémoire est divisé en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre consiste à situer notre démarche à l'intérieur des courants ou tendances en histoire de l'éducation au Québec. Un rapide survol de l'historiographie nous a permis d'identifier notre démarche à un courant historiographique nouveau et issu d'historiens ontariens insatisfaits de l'approche radicale du contrôle social qui a sous-estimé, aux yeux de certains, le rôle effectif des régions dans le développement de l'Instruction publique. Cette nouvelle approche théorique met donc l'accent sur le rôle important des communautés locales dans l'organisation des structures scolaires. Aussi, l'apport de la sociologie de l'éducation et de la théorie générale des systèmes (approche systémique) nous a permis d'axer notre étude non pas en regard d'un seul point d'intérêt, mais surtout à partir de l'interaction soutenue entre les différentes factions ou acteurs afin de faire évoluer le système scolaire en fonction de besoins manifestes de la communauté locale ou issus de politiques étatiques. Une deuxième partie du chapitre est consacrée au contexte historique qui met en place les structures éducatives sur le territoire. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à identifier les principaux acteurs qui oeuvrent au sein du système. Avec la création du régime municipal et de l'élargissement de ses pouvoirs dans la commission scolaire, l'État décentralise une bonne partie de l'administration scolaire et précise son rôle d'organisme subventionnaire aux corporations scolaires. Regroupés autour de leur commission scolaire, enfants, parents et citoyens contribuent à accroître les besoins scolaires. Pour équilibrer cette demande, le Conseil des commissaires oriente ses politiques vers un juste milieu entre les orientations gouvernementales, ses ressources matérielles et l'implication personnelle de chacun des commissaires. Le rôle de l'Église et de la petite bourgeoisie a contribué à concentrer l'effort du progrès de l'éducation vers des secteurs privilégiés de la ville, ne tenant pas toujours compte des besoins scolaires réels de l'ensemble de la population. Le chapitre IH présente le portrait concret du partage entre l'État et les communautés locales dans le financement du réseau public d'éducation et introduit un nouvel acteur dans le système: le milieu industriel local. Après une étude sur les revenus, les dépenses et les emprunts, il est démontré clairement que la communauté locale finance presque à elle seule les écoles publiques de Magog: 90% des recettes totales de la commission scolaire provient des contribuables catholiques. Les subventions du DIP sont nettement en-deçà de ce que l'État se proposait de soutenir au XIXe siècle (une subvention égale au montant total perçu en taxes scolaires). Un regard sur l'attitude des conseillers municipaux à accorder des arrangements politico-économiques à l'usine textile nous a permis d'identifier des conséquences non négligeables dans la perception des taxes scolaires de l'usine. Dans la période où l'usine textile demande des exemptions et commutations de taxes (de 1894 à 1943), les élus municipaux rajustent (ou conservent) l'évaluation du complexe industriel à une fraction seulement de l'évaluation réelle, ne tenant pas ainsi compte des nombreux ajouts et constructions qui affectent à la hausse l'évaluation foncière de la compagnie. Résultat: les commissaires catholiques ne perçoivent pas les sommes réelles qui leur sont dues. Cette disparité fiscale n'est pas sans affecter la commission scolaire aux prises avec de lourds emprunts issus des nombreuses constructions scolaires pour accueillir les enfants des nouveaux arrivants. L'étude des modalités du développement scolaire (quatrième chapitre) nous a permis de mettre en lumière la nature des rapports entre factions de la communauté locale et leurs représentants au Conseil des commissaires. Une étude sur les revendications et les affrontements entre les résidents du quartier ouvrier et membres du Conseil nous a permis de voir que les commissaires d'école ne prennent pas toujours les décisions politiques adéquates pour répondre aux besoins scolaires de la ville. L'appartenance sociale et géographique des commissaires justifient les priorités adoptées et qui se traduisent par un souci pour les écoles du centre-ville et particulièrement des garçons, plutôt que dans le quartier ouvrier, là où se manifestent depuis longtemps des besoins scolaires de plus en plus criants.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo I [1829]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1829.

Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo IV [1829]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1829.