Recueil de mémoires et autres pièces de prose et de vers : qui ont été lus dans les séances de la Société des amis des sciences, des lettres, de l'agriculture et des arts, à Aix.

Tom 1 1819

Observability and overcoming coordination failure in organizations

Many organizations suffer poor performance because its members fail to coordinate on efficient patterns of behavior. In previous research, we have shown that financial incentives can be used to find a way out of such performance traps. Here we examine the sensitivity of this result to the ability of people to observe others' choices. Our experiments are set in a corporate environment where subjects' payoffs depend on coordinating at high effort levels; the underlying game being played repeatedly by the employees of an experimental firm is a weak-link game. Treatments vary along two dimensions. First, subjects either start with low financial incentives for coordination, which typically leads to coordination failure, and then are switched to higher incentives or start with high incentives, which typically yield effective coordination, and are switched to low incentives. Second, as the key treatment variable, subjects either observe the effort levels chosen by all employees in their experimenta

Estudo do gênero Rhopalias stiles & Hassall, 1898 (Trematoda, Rhopaliasidae)

Os autores fazem um estudo de todas as espécies do gênero Rhopalias Stiles & Hassall, 1898, ratificando quatro espécies e invalidando duas. Ficando assim o gênero com as espécies R. coronatus (Rudolphi, 1819), R. horridus (Diesing, 1850), R. baculifer Braun, 1901 e R. macracanthus Chandler, 1932, as quais são no presente trabalho bem caracterizadas com descrições, quadros comparativos e figuras. Nesta oportunidade aproveitam para determinar todo material pertencente ao gênero depositado na Coleção Helmintológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

Technical innovations at the service of cheaper labour in pre-industrial Europe. The Enlightened agenda to transform the gender division of labour in silk manufacturing

In 1749, Jacques de Vaucanson patented his or tour pour tirer la soie or spindle for silk reeling. In that same year he presented his invention to the Academy of the Sciences in Paris, of which he was a member1. Jacques de Vaucanson was born in Grenoble, France, in 1709, and died in Paris in 1782. In 1741 he had been appointed inspector of silk manufactures by Louis XV. He set about reorganizing the silk industry in France, in considerable difficulty at the time due to foreign competition. Given Vaucanson’s position, his invention was intended to replace the traditional Piémontes method, and had an immediate impact upon the silk industry in France and all over Europe.

Sobre alguns Helmintos parasitos de Dryadophis Bifossatus (Raddi)

Os autores apresentam o estudo de parasitos encontrados em cinco necrópsias de Dryadophis bifossatus (Raddi). Para Oochoristica vanzolinii Rêgo e Rodrigues, 1965 e paradistomum parvissimum (Travassos, 1918) Travassos, 1919 dão um novo hospedador; referem infidum similus Travassos, 1916; para kalicephalus costatus costatus (Rudolphi, 1819) Schad, 1962 apresentam nova descrição e desenhos.

Contribuição para o conhecimento de alguns cestódeos do gênero Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920, (Cestoda-Davaineidae), parasitos de columbiformes

Contribuindo para o conhecimento de alguns cestódeos do gênero Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920, parasitos de Columbiformes, são estudadas aqui duas espécies encontradas em intestino delgado de columba livia dom. L. 1758. Uma delas, Raillietina (Raillietina) allomyodes (Kotlan, 1921), originalmente descrita da Nova Guiné, é agora assinalada pela primeira vez no Brasil, em novo hospedeiro. A outra, Raillietina (Fuhrmannetta) crassula (Rudolphi, 1819) apesar de ter sido descrita de material do Brasil e África, não tem uma descrição detalhada.

Sobre as espécies brasileiras da família cyclocoelidae kossack 1911 (Trematoda, cyclocoelidae)

Cyclocoelum (Cyclocoelum) mutabile (Zeder, 1800), Cyclocoelum (Cyclocoelum) phasidi Stunkard, 1929 e Cyclocoelum (Haematotrephus) vanelli (Rudolphi, 1819) são referidos pela primeira vez no Brasil em novos hospedeiros. São apresentadas figuras originais e tabelas de medidas das espécies parasitas de aves brasileiras, pertencentes à família Cyclocoelidae Kossack, 1911.

Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970 in Brazil and some other helminths from tyrannidae birds

Brief comments are made on five species of nematodes: Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970, Deliria gomesae Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Ornithofilaria pitangi Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970, Thelazia sp.; three species of trematodes: Lutztrema transversum (Travassos, 1917) Travassos, 1941, Lophosicyadiplostomum nephrocystis (Lutz, 1928) Dubois, 1937, Gynaecotyla jägerskiöldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939; one species of cestode: Biuterina campanulata (Rudolphi, 1819) and one species of acanthocephala: Centrorhynchus opimus Travassos, 1921, that were studied in order to provide some data concerning the examined samples.

Helminofauna da sarda (Scomber scombrus L. ) peixe da Costa Continental Portuguesa

Dos primerios 80 espécimens da sarda examinados (de janeiro a maio de 1982), apenas seis (7,5%) estavam livres de helmintos, apresentando os demais as espécies de parasitos seguintes, por ordem de freqüência dentro de cada grupo taxonômico: Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn, 1829) e Grubea cochlear (Diesing, 1858) (classe Monogenea); Lecithocladium excisum (Rudolph, 1819) e Opechona basillaris (Molin, 1859)(classe Digenea); pelrocercoides de Lacistrorhynchus tenuis (Beneden, 1858) de Scolex pleuronectis (Muller, 1788) e de Echeneibothrium sp. (classe Cestoda); Rhadinorhynchus tenuicornis (Linton, 1891) (filo Acanthocephala); formas dos tipos larvares Anisakis e Contracaecum e ainda, larvas de Goezia sp. (classe Nematoda). São referidas, pela primeira vez, neste hospedeiro, formas larvares do cestóide Echeneibothrium sp. e do nematóide Goezia sp.

Cracking the BAFF code.

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family members B cell activating factor (BAFF) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) are crucial survival factors for peripheral B cells. An excess of BAFF leads to the development of autoimmune disorders in animal models, and high levels of BAFF have been detected in the serum of patients with various autoimmune conditions. In this Review, we consider the possibility that in mice autoimmunity induced by BAFF is linked to T cell-independent B cell activation rather than to a severe breakdown of B cell tolerance. We also outline the mechanisms of BAFF signalling, the impact of ligand oligomerization on receptor activation and the progress of BAFF-depleting agents in the clinical setting.

Urocleidoides astyanacis n. sp. (Mongenva ancyrocephalinae) from frescwater characidians on the genus Astyanax

A new species of Urocleidoides, U. astyanacis (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalinae) is described from the "lambari" Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns, 1842) and A. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819). Hosts were collected in Atibaia and Jaguari Rivers near Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality in young adults: recent trends in Europe.

Background: Over the last two decades, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) declined by about 30% in the European Union (EU). Design: We analyzed trends in CHD (X ICD codes: I20-I25) and CVD (X ICD codes: I60-I69) mortality in young adults (age 35-44 years) in the EU as a whole and in 12 selected European countries, over the period 1980-2007. Methods: Data were derived from the World Health Organization mortality database. With joinpoint regression analysis, we identified significant changes in trends and estimated average annual percent changes (AAPC). Results: CHD mortality rates at ages 35-44 years have decreased in both sexes since the 1980s for most countries, except for Russia (130/100,000 men and 24/100,000 women, in 2005-7). The lowest rates (around 9/100,000 men, 2/100,000 women) were in France, Italy and Sweden. In men, the steepest declines in mortality were in the Czech Republic (AAPC = -6.1%), the Netherlands (-5.2%), Poland (-4.5%), and England and Wales (-4.5%). Patterns were similar in women, though with appreciably lower rates. The AAPC in the EU was -3.3% for men (rate = 16.6/100,000 in 2005-7) and -2.1% for women (rate = 3.5/100,000). For CVD, Russian rates in 2005-7 were 40/100,000 men and 16/100,000 women, 5 to 10-fold higher than in most western European countries. The steepest declines were in the Czech Republic and Italy for men, in Sweden and the Czech Republic for women. The AAPC in the EU was -2.5% in both sexes, with steeper declines after the mid-late 1990s (rates = 6.4/100,000 men and 4.3/100,000 women in 2005-7). Conclusions: CHD and CVD mortality steadily declined in Europe, except in Russia, whose rates were 10 to 15-fold higher than those of France, Italy or Sweden. Hungary and Poland, and also Scotland, where CHD trends were less favourable than in other western European countries, also emerge as priorities for preventive interventions.

On Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tornquist, 1931) Petter, 1974: South American correlated species (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) and some other helminths of micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Pisces, Sciaenidae)

Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tomquist, 1931) Petter, 1974, from Venezuela, of which D.(C.) amaurincai (Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1969) Petter, 1974 is proposed as a junior synonym, is redescribed and comments on the present status of the remaining species under the group, namely D.(C.) dichelyneformes (Szidat, 1950) Petter, 1974, D.(C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio & Noronha, 1970) Petter, 1974 and D.(C.) travassosi (Guimarães & Cristofaro, 1974), occuring in South America are made. Dollfusentis chandleri Golvan, 1969 (Acanthocephala, Illiosentidae), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850)(Cestoidea, Otobothriidae) and Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819)(Cestoidea, Dasyrhynchidae) as well as larval forms of Echinocephalus sp. (Nematoda, Gnathostomatidae) and Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) are also reported.