Elogio histórico del brigadier de la Real Armada Don Cosme Damián de Churruca y Elorza, que murió en el combate de Trafalgar en 21 de octubre de 1805 / escrito por el amigo más confidente que tuvo.

Digitalización Vitoria-Gasteiz Archivos y Bibliotecas Abril 1994 18-5

Calendario para el Reyno de Valencia...: Año 1848

Microfilme. Valencia: BV, ca. 1990

Manipulation and potentiation of antimycobacterial immunity using recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin strains that secrete cytokines.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis used widely for tuberculosis prophylaxis and bladder cancer immunotherapy, although it has limitations in both contexts. To investigate whether BCG's immunostimulatory properties could be modified, and to gain insight into the interaction between mycobacteria and their hosts, we constructed recombinant BCG strains that secrete functional murine cytokines and studied their properties in mouse models of experimental infection. Cell-mediated immune responses to mycobacterial antigen (purified protein derivative) were assayed using splenocytes from mice inoculated with various BCG recombinants. Antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine release were found to be substantially greater with splenocytes derived from mice injected with cytokine-secreting BCG than with splenocytes from mice injected with BCG lacking cytokines. The most profound effects were induced by BCG secreting interleukin 2, interferon gamma, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Thus, cytokine-secreting BCG can enhance immune responses to mycobacterial antigens and may be improved reagents for tuberculosis prophylaxis and cancer immunotherapy.

Protective immune responses induced by secretion of a chimeric soluble protein from a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vector candidate vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in small animals.

A recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vector-based vaccine that secretes the V3 principal neutralizing epitope of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could induce immune response to the epitope and prevent the viral infection. By using the Japanese consensus sequence of HIV-1, we successfully constructed chimeric protein secretion vectors by selecting an appropriate insertion site of a carrier protein and established the principal neutralizing determinant (PND)-peptide secretion system in BCG. The recombinant BCG (rBCG)-inoculated guinea pigs were initially screened by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reactions to the PND peptide, followed by passive transfer of the DTH by the systemic route. Further, immunization of mice with the rBCG resulted in induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The guinea pig immune antisera showed elevated titers to the PND peptide and neutralized HIVMN, and administration of serum IgG from the vaccinated guinea pigs was effective in completely blocking the HIV infection in thymus/liver transplanted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)/hu or SCID/PBL mice. In addition, the immune serum IgG was shown to neutralize primary field isolates of HIV that match the neutralizing sequence motif by a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based virus neutralization assay. The data support the idea that the antigen-secreting rBCG system can be used as a tool for development of HIV vaccines.

The urease locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its utilization for the demonstration of allelic exchange in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

The ureABC genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cloned. By using a set of degenerate primers corresponding to a conserved region of the urease enzyme (EC 3.5.1.5), a fragment of the expected size was amplified by PCR and was used to screen a M. tuberculosis cosmid library. Three open reading frames with extensive similarity to the urease genes from other organisms were found. The locus was mapped on the chromosome, using an ordered M. tuberculosis cosmid library. A suicide vector containing a ureC gene disrupted by a kanamycin marker (aph) was used to construct a urease-negative Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin mutant by allelic exchange involving replacement of the ureC gene with the aph::ureC construct. To our knowledge, allelic exchange has not been reported previously in the slow-growing mycobacteria. Homologous recombination will be an invaluable genetic tool for deciphering the mechanisms of tuberculosis pathogenesis, a disease that causes 3 x 10(6) deaths a year worldwide.

El "Ennui" en la escena revolucionaria, París, 1830-1848: arte, política y sociedad

Esta tesis corresponde a un programa de doctorado de Teoría del Arte en la modernidad. Su punto de partida es el tópico literario del ennui (el tedio, la noia) en el romanticismo francés y las generaciones que siguieron. Siguiendo el planteamiento de George Steiner sobre lo que él mismo llama «El gran ennui», se hace aquí hincapié en los años de la Monarquía de Julio (1830-1848), pero igualmente se presta mucha atención a dos escritores que entonces se encuentran en plena juventud, Flaubert y, especialmente, Baudelaire. En este particular contexto se trata de abordar el ennui en relación con los modelos económicos surgidos en la época, principalmente el laissez faire y todo el aparato que lo acompaña. Con ello, se pretende establecer una relación entre la literatura y el arte con las dimensiones social y política de la modernidad. Dicha relación ha sido puesta de relieve, no a través de la representación artística sino empleando el paradigma fisiológico que la época vuelca sobre el conocimiento. En este aspecto se trata principalmente del pretendido «funcionamiento» al que Balzac, por ejemplo –pero también otros literatos como Alphonse Karr o Maxime Du Camp– prestaron atención a propósito de París. París es la gran ciudad sobre la que este trabajo de investigación se vuelca desde la siguiente planteamiento: el ennui, del que hablaron los románticos, ha de considerarse en relación con el surgimiento de una estructura económica, política y social donde el deseo se cifra por su propia insatisfacción, y por tal insatisfacción asegura una demanda constante e incluso creciente...